Imprints of expansion onto the local anisotropy of solar wind turbulence

We study the anisotropy of II-order structure functions defined in a frame attached to the local mean field in three-dimensional (3D) direct numerical simulations of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, including or not the solar wind expansion. We simulate spacecraft flybys through the numerical domain by taking increments along the radial (wind) direction that forms an angle of $45^o$ with the ambient magnetic field. We find that only when expansion is taken into account, do the synthetic observations match the 3D anisotropy observed in the solar wind, including the change of anisotropy with scales. Our simulations also show that the anisotropy changes dramatically when considering increments oblique to the radial directions. Both results can be understood by noting that expansion reduces the radial component of the magnetic field at all scales, thus confining fluctuations in the plane perpendicular to the radial. Expansion is thus shown to affect not only the (global) spectral anisotropy, but also the local anisotropy of second-order structure functions by influencing the distribution of the local mean field, which enters this higher-order statistics.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted in ApJ

Alfv\'en-dynamo balance and magnetic excess in MHD turbulence

3D Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulent flows with initially magnetic and kinetic energies at equipartition spontaneously develop a magnetic excess (or residual energy), as well in numerical simulations and in the solar wind. Closure equations obtained in 1983 describe the residual spectrum as being produced by a dynamo source proportional to the total energy spectrum, balanced by a linear Alfv\'en damping term. A good agreement was found in 2005 with incompressible simulations; however, recent solar wind measurements disagree with these results. The previous dynamo-Alfv\'en theory is generalized to a family of models, leading to simple relations between residual and total energy spectra. We want to assess these models in detail against MHD simulations and solar wind data. The family of models is tested against compressible decaying MHD simulations with low Mach number, low cross-helicity, zero mean magnetic field, without or with expansion terms (EBM or expanding box model). A single dynamo-Alfv\'en model is found to describe correctly both solar wind scalings and compressible simulations without or with expansion. It is equivalent to the 1983-2005 closure equation but with critical balance of nonlinear turnover and linear Alfv\'en times, while the dynamo source term remains unchanged. The discrepancy with previous incompressible simulations is elucidated. The model predicts a linear relation between the spectral slopes of total and residual energies $m_R = -1/2 + 3/2 m_T$. Examining the solar wind data as in \cite{2013ApJ...770..125C}, our relation is found to be valid whatever the cross-helicity, even better so at high cross-helicity, with the total energy slope varying from $1.7$ to $1.55$.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&

An internship with Arthur Roger Gallery, LLC

The following report is the analysis of a three-month internship within this organization, and will discuss topics as they relate to the cuniculum of the Arts Administration degree. The for-profit nature of this internship and its completion within a small-scale structure presented me with several not-so-clearly delineated tasks. In order to properly introduce the topics associated with the responsibilities of the assignment at Arthur Roger Gallery, the reader must first become familiar with the nature of the business, and its management structure. Chapter II is exclusively devoted to the purpose of the internship. By considering the role of the intern, who acted in the role of an assistant to the staff, this section will outline the importance of compiling an inventory, and the necessity of maintaining the gallery\u27s website in the most accurate manner. The third chapter of the present report is an attempt to identify the reasons that separate the Arthur Roger Gallery from its competitors. This section will address several elements discussed through our cuniculum, particularly during the Visual Art and Marketing classes. Broadly speaking, it will show that Arthur Roger has fully understood the who, what, where, why, when and how of selling fine art in his market area. The final section of the discussion will involve several points dealing principally with management and technical concerns, for the most part related to the growing activity of the business and its recent evolutions

Isoaspartomic approach to identify PIMT protein substrate in stress response

National audienc

Du patrimoine local aux classes européennes du patrimoine

Les "Classes Europees del Patrimoni" són una experiència pedagògica nascuda l'any 1982, inclosa com a projecte educatiu del Consell d'Europa, amb la idea de permetre als joves descobrir les riqueses del seu entorn, els testimonis històrics i artístics que s'hi han desenvolupat i la vida que l'anima en el present. El propòsit principal d'aquest projecte és l'educació en la tolerància, el civisme i la integració social de la joventut europea a partir del reconeixement i valoració del patrimoni comú europeu, fent especial ènfasi en el patrimoni d'àmbit local i defugint la generalitzada idea de patrimoni com exclusivament allò que és monumental.Las «Clases Europeas del Patrimonio» son una experiencia pedagógica nacida el año 1982, incluida como proyecto educativo del Consejo de Europa, con la idea de permitir a los jóvenes descubrir las riquezas de su entorno, los testimonios históricos y artísticos que se han desarrollado y la vida que lo anima en el presente. El prpósito principal de este proyecto es la educación en la tolerancia, el civismo y la integración social de la juventud europea a partir del reconocimiento del patrimonio común europeo poniéndo en especial énfasis en el patrimonio de ámbito local y alejándose de la idea de patrimonio como algo exclusivamente monumental.The «Classes on European Heritage» are an educational experience initiated in 1982. Included as an educational project of the Council of Europe, they aim to make available to young people the richness of its immediate environment, their historical and artistical elements and their actual present life. Their main educational objective consists in promoting tolerance, civism and social integration within European youth by means of the recognition of a common European heritage, with a special emphasis on local heritage and avoiding to equate heritage only with monuments