The Effect of Dietary Specialism and Generalism on Evolutionary Longevity in an Early Paleogene Mammalian Community

This study examines the relationship between relief index (RFI) on first and second mandibular molars and longevity of the genus. The molars were extracted from small-bodied, arboreal mammals during the late-Paleocene, early-Eocene in the Bighorn Basin in Wyoming. This study site is a well-known location to research and study fossil mammals of this time period. The study was conducted and analyzed at the genus level due to the relatively small number of specimens available and identifiable at the species level. Dietary breadth, or how broad or narrow a dietary preference is for a mammal, is an area of concentration within this study. Dental topography was used as a quantitative measure to study dietary breadth of fossils. Although there are many dental topographic measures, relief index has previously been identified as the best indicator for predicting diet in mammals. This research uses dietary niche breadth (measured as standard deviations of RFI values) to predict for longevity of the fossil genus. By comparing extant taxa and finding a significant difference between generalist and specialist species and their respective values of RFI breadth, this concept was then applied to the fossil sample. The longevities were taken from literature and a least-squared linear regression was conducted. The p-value of the correlation (P=0.465 and R=0.114) indicated that there was not a significant correlation between RFI and longevity. RFI cannot be used to predict longevity of fossil genera. Due to the results of this study, it is now known that there is more that goes into longevity than just dietary niche itself. Although dietary niche may play a part in the extinction of a genus, it is not the sole contributor and must be caused by a combination of other variables

Estimating effective discharge at Lehman Creek, Great Basin National Park, Nevada

Effective discharge is defined as the streamflow that transports the most sediment over time and is therefore the flow that controls channel shape. Effective discharge was estimated for two sites along Lehman Creek, an alpine fluvial system. Site one (WL-1, 2951 m elevation) has an effective discharge of 0.083 m3/s and site two (WL-2, 2019 m elevation) has an effective discharge of 0.400 m3/s. Calculated bankfull discharges are 2.52 m3/s for WL-1 and 1.48 m3/s for WL-2. Bankfull/effective discharge ratios (b/e ratio) are 30.49 for WL-1 and 3.71 for WL-2. The b/e ratio difference may be due to the steeper gradient (WL-1: 0.14, WL-2: 0.062) at WL-1, which may indicate active downcutting as a response to tectonic uplift in the Basin and Range province. WL-1 also sits on resistant glacial debris (quartzite), which may cause Lehman Creek difficulty in shaping and maintaining its stream channel

Natural User Interfaces (NUI): review

The article summarizes and systematizes knowledge concerning natural user interfaces. The most important facts related to this problem have been supplemented with examples of possible practical use of such type of human-computer communication. Moreover, the article contains descriptions of three most popular controllers: Microsoft Kinect, Nintendo Wii and Sony Move

Planar measurements of foetal lateral ventricles

To compare the linear dimensions (width) of the foetal atrium and occipital horns to their areas, 31 foetuses (15–24 weeks, C-R 12.5–23.5 mm) from spontaneous abortions were evaluated. Images of the axial sections of the brains were transferred to computer and Scion for Windows 98 software was used for image analysis. 11 brains appeared normal and 20 were abnormal (leukomalacia in 9 cases, periventricular and intraventricular haemorrhage in 6 cases, ventriculomegaly in 3 cases, colpocephaly in 1 case, vascular malformation in 1 case). High-range linear and planar asymmetries in the atrium and occipital horns were observed both in normal and abnormal brains. There was no close correlation between the width and the area of the structures under investigation, although it was stronger in case of the occipital horns. The wider occipital horns and atria often had a smaller area than the narrower ones. Some abnormal cerebral hemispheres had relatively narrow atria and occipital horns in comparison with their large areas. Further investigation should be carried out to assess the utility and potential superiority of planar measurements over linear in the image diagnosis of foetal ventricles

Phosphorus-31 NMR of the Intact Crystalline Lens: I. The Living Lens Spectrum. II. The Spectroscopic Effects of Deuterium Oxide Incubation

Spectra of intact bovine and canine crystalline lenses in vitro at 37°C were generated using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Lens incubation in a pure D2O buffer results in a progressive narrowing of the tissue P-31 NMR signals

Spatiotemporal Evaluation of Localisation of Students at FMG VŠB-TUO

Diplomová práce se formou geomarketingu zaměřuje na nalezení většího množství potenciálních zájemců o studium na Hornicko-geologické fakultě Vysoké školy báňské – Technické univerzitě Ostrava. Na základě explorační analýzy dat, prostorových a časoprostorových analýz jsou ověřovány definované hypotézy a jsou uvedeny závěry, díky kterým je možno cíleněji zaměřit propagaci hornicko-geologické fakulty především na středních školách.This thesis is focused on finding more potential applicant for studying on Faculty of mining and geology at VSB – Technical University of Ostrava based on geomarketing. Exploratory analysis, spatio and spation-temporal analysis are made and based on them, define hypothesis are verifed and some conclusion with recomendation how to improve promotion of the fakulty especially on the high schools.548 - Katedra geoinformatikyvelmi dobř

Unemployment and Production Relationship in the European Union Member Countries

Import 22/07/2015Tato práce analyzuje vztah nezaměstnanosti a produkce v členských zemích Evropské unie. Úvodní část je zaměřena na důležitá teoretická východiska. Nejprve se práce věnuje pojmu produkce. Zmíněn je také ukazatel hrubý domácí produkt, se kterým se pracuje v empirické části práce. Následující část teoretické kapitoly je zaměřena na nezaměstnanost. Popsány jsou zde také ukazatele míry nezaměstnanosti a NAIRU. Dále je charakterizována ekonomika a trh práce Evropské unie. Na závěr teoretické kapitoly jsou uvedeny některé empirické studie Okunova zákona. Druhá část práce popisuje metody, které jsou nezbytné pro analytickou část. Kromě statistických metod je zde popsána i přírůstková verze Okunova zákona a vysvětlen pojem Okunův koeficient. Třetí část práce analyzuje vztah mezi změnou míry nezaměstnanosti a růstem reálného HDP ve vymezených skupinách zemí Evropské unie. Hodnocen je také Okunův koeficient a je ověřena platnost Okunova zákona. Na závěr práce je uvedeno shrnutí poznatků vyplývajících z empirické části práce.This paper aims to analysis unemployment and production relationship in the European Union member countries. Opening part is focused on neccessary theoretical basis. First of all paper deals with term production. There is also mentioned term gross domestic product which is used in the empricial part of this paper. Following part of theoretical chapter is focused on unemployment. There are also described indicators like unemployment rate and NAIRU. Then the economic situation and labour market in European Union are described. Certain working papers of Okun´s law are shown at the end of theoretical chapter. Second part of this paper describes methods which are neccessary for empirical part. Except statistic methods there are explained the difference version of Okun´s law and Okun´s coefficient. Third part of this paper analyses relationship between changes in the unemployment rate and real GDP growth in circumscribed groups of countries of European Union. There is also evaluated Okun´s coefficient and confirmed the validity of Okun´s law. Summary from the empirical part of this paper is taken at the end of this paper.156 - Katedra národohospodářskávýborn