A Different Master of War: The Influence of the Folk Music Revival on the Antiwar Movement during the Vietnam Era

Although the folk revival diminished as the United States entered the height of the Vietnam War, it lived on through antiwar activists. Music historians note how folk music was one of the early sparks of antiwar sentiment during the Vietnam era. This research builds on the ideas of previous scholars by analyzing the evolution of folk music from the 1930s to 1960s, how the folk revival\u27s young audience connected to the music, and the influence the folk revival later had during the rise of the Vietnam antiwar movement. The antiwar sentiment expressed in the folk revival carried into antiwar activism, turning the music into a movement

Management of faecal incontinence in the elderly: current policy and practice

Faecal incontinence in the elderly community-based population, is an important daily practice issue for community nurses, and poses particular sensitive intervention and care challenges. Prevalence estimates from various studies indicate that approximately 10% of the elderly suffer from chronic faecal incontinence, however this figure could rise to 25% in a nursing home population (Whitehead et al, 2009; NICE, 2014). Faecal incontinence is often a taboo subject and people who face this issue experience feelings of loss of dignity, embarrassment, social isolation, depression and loneliness (Stenzelius et al, 2007; Razjouyan et al, 2015). Elderly people suffering from this debilitating condition also increase the burden of care to their family, care-givers and health care services (Alavi et al, 2015). Care and intervention that is focused on individual needs is at the forefront of modern nursing practice, and when effective management of faecal incontinence is achieved, this can have a significant effect on the patient's quality of life, self-esteem, dignity and social inclusion (Ousey et al, 2010; Gillibrand, 2012)

Use of key performance indicators in histological dissection

Aims: Reports into standards in the National Health Service and quality in pathology have focused on the way we work in pathology and how to provide assurance that this is of a high standard. There are a number of external quality assurance schemes covering pathology and histopathology specifically; however, there is no scheme covering the process of histological surgical dissection. This is an area undergoing development, emerging from the sole preserve of medically qualified pathologists to a field populated by a number of highly trained biomedical scientists, but remains without any formal quality assurance. Methods: This work builds on Barnes, taking the guidance of the Royal College of Pathologists (RCPath) and Institute of Biomedical Science (IBMS)to form a series of key performance indicators relating to dissection. These were developed for use as an indicator of individual practice, highlighting areas of variation, weakness or strength. Once identified, a feedback event provided opportunities to address these errors and omissions, or to enable areas of strength to be shared. Results: The data obtained from the checklists demonstrate a large variation in practice at the outset of this study. The use of the checklists alone served to reduce this variation in practice, the addition of the training event showed further reduction in variation. The combination of these two tools was an effective method for enhancing standardisation of practice. Conclusions: The results of this work show that training events serve to reduce variation in practice by, and between, dissectors, driving up standards in dissection— directly addressing the needs of the modern pathology service

Personal constructs in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a dependency grid analysis

This thesis presents an investigation into the personal constructs that people with type 2 diabetes use, to live and manage their condition. The approach adopted was underpinned by personal construct psychology, utilising qualitative and dependency grid methods to determine individual personal constructs in a multiple case series design. In the thesis a critical discussion is presented of current UK national policy and clinical guidelines in diabetes care. This found that gaps exist in the current evidence base, particularly in individual approaches and interventions provided by healthcare professional services. The synthesis of research literature in the experience of adults with type 2 diabetes showed that some common themes exist; achieving balance, normalising and psychological alterations. Furthermore the synthesis revealed that self-efficacy and personal model research studies in diabetes have found that these issues are influential in how people live and cope with their condition. Using a convenience sample of adults with type 2 diabetes, predominantly cared for in the community, a series of interviews were conducted in a sample of 23 participants. Ten participants completed all the stages of the research data collection and these are presented in the results as a case study series. The dependency grid technique required each participant to complete a series of grid ratings of constructs and elements associated with their living with type 2 diabetes. The results of the exploratory qualitative interviews were five major themes of family, relationships and interactions; social-life/activity; emotional changes/support; meaningful work/sense of worth; and making adiustments/diabetes functional activity. The themes were translated into the dependency grids as constructs and participants then rated people as elements against these constructs. The analysis of the ten case studies showed personal constructs associated with interdependence with family, friends and healthcare professionals. The interdependence identified had strong or weak associations with diabetes related constructs depending on how each individual participant had rated them. The findings suggest that people with type 2 diabetes do not always consider primary care services as appropriate for their needs and contrast this with the value they previously made to secondary care services. Each individual has developed their own level of interdependence with some type 2 patients with diabetes being self reliant or using family members/friends more than professional health services. Recommendations include further exploration of interdependence in type 2 diabetes. Limitations of the study include sample issues, and a methodological approach that is educative and lengthy in implementation

Audit of family support of 16-17 year olds with mental health needs

AbstractIntroduction: Mental health problems occur commonly and impact on quality of life. It is important to understand causal factors.Aims: To understand parental support available for 16-17 year olds with mental health needs.Method: An audit of all case notes open to an adolescent mental health team in June 2010Results: Notably 59.1% adolescents had family support and 40.9% lacked support. More males had family support than females, but more females had parental support. Case note documentation of family involvement is variable.Conclusion: Family support should be explored for each referral. Documentation of family involvement should to be improved

Developing a Culture of Publication: a joint enterprise writing retreat

Purpose: Many students irrespective of level of study produce excellent course work which, if given support and encouragement could clearly be of a publishable standard. Academic staff are expected to produce quality publications meeting peer review standards although they may be relatively novice authors. All are engaged in some aspects of academic writing practices but not as frequently involved in co-production of publications emanating from student work. This activity is still at the margins of much of the student experience. Design/methodology: Mindful of these issues, we designed and offered a writing programme including a writing retreat. This brought together undergraduate and postgraduate students from a range of applied disciplines (health and art, design and architecture) and their supervisors with the aim of co-producing publications and participating in a community of scholarly practice. The project was delivered over nine months. It involved four days ‘compulsory’ attendance and included a preparatory workshop, a two day off campus writing retreat and a dissemination event. Student and supervisors applied to participate as a team. Kirkpatrick’s (2006) four-stage classic model: reaction, learning, changes in behaviour and real world results was used as a framework for the educational evaluation. Key findings organised thematically were: Supervisor-supervisee relationships; space and time; building confidence enabling successful writing and publication. Originality/Value: This paper will provide an overview of the design, content and approaches used for successful delivery of this innovative project. It will draw on examples that illustrate the different types of joint enterprise that emerged, illuminate experiences of co-production and co-authorship along with recommendations for future ventures

Nurses’ contributions to the resolution of ethical dilemmas in practice

Background: Complex and expensive treatment options have increased the frequency and emphasis of ethical decision making in healthcare. In order to meet these challenges effectively we need to identify how nurses contribute the resolution of these dilemmas. Aims: To identify the values, beliefs and contextual influences that inform decision making. To identify the contribution made by nurses in achieving the resolution of ethical dilemmas in practice. Design: An interpretive exploratory study was undertaken, eleven registered acute care nurses, working in a district general hospital in England were interviewed, using semi-structured interviews. In-depth content analysis of the data was undertaken via NVivo coding and thematic identification. Participants and context: Participants were interviewed about their contribution to the resolution of ethical dilemmas within the context of working in an acute hospital ward. Participants were recruited from all settings working with patients of any age and any diagnosis. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from local the National Research Ethics Committee Findings: Four major themes emerged: ‘Best for the patient’, ‘Accountability’, ‘collaboration and conflict’ and ‘concern for others’. Moral distress was also evident in the literature and findings, with moral dissonance recognised and articulated by more experienced nurses. The relatively small, single site sample may not account for the effects of organisational culture on the results; the findings suggested that professional relationships were key to resolving ethical dilemmas. Discussion Nurses use their moral reasoning based on their beliefs and values when faced with ethical dilemmas. Subsequent actions are mediated though ethical decision making frames of reference including deontology, consequentialism, the ethics of care and virtue ethics. Nurses use these in contributing to the resolution of these dilemmas. Nurses require the skills to develop and maintain professional relationships for addressing ethical dilemmas and to engage with political and organisational macro and micro decision making. Conclusion: Nurses’ professional relationships are central to nurses’ contributions to the resolution of ethical dilemma

The impact of pre-diabetes diagnosis on behaviour change: an integrative literature review

Type 2 diabetes is a growing global problem that not only affects individuals but also has an impact upon the economic health of countries. The number of people developing type 2 diabetes can be reduced by up to by 80%; this can be achieved by targeting those who are ‘at risk’. This reduction can be achieved by appropriate lifestyle changes to diet and physical activity. It is not known what the impact of being informed of a diagnosis of pre-diabetes has on an individual’s motivation to make appropriate lifestyle changes. The aim of this study was to assess whether having the diagnosis of pre-diabetes encourages or empowers people to make appropriate lifestyle changes to prevent progression to a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Employing a systematic approach, an integrative literature review was undertaken using a standard retrieval and appraisal method. The studies demonstrated that pre-diabetes was found to be a challenging concept by patients and nurses alike. Lack of knowledge and support, along with patients’ perceived barriers, had an impact upon the various motivation and self-efficacy behaviours towards lifestyle changes. The integrative review found that more education and support are required to motivate lifestyle change in the person with pre-diabetes. This, however, does not need to be medicine led; use of peer and community based programmes could be not only cheaper, but also have the ability to provide potentially long-term support for people, and would provide continued reduced risk. Intervention needs to ensure that it is provided at an appropriate level to account for cultural, social and gender needs. Innovative approaches need to be considered to reduce the number of people who are diagnosed with pre-diabetes from progressing to type 2 diabetes and its associated potential complications