Before Boulder: Professionalizing clinical psychology, 1896-1949

This dissertation documents the early history that led to the scientist-practitioner ( Boulder ) model of training in clinical psychology. It uncovers pre-Boulder training guidelines and programs suggested by individuals and psychological organizations while exploring two themes: (1) the boundary issues between the budding clinical psychologists and the more established, elite mental health providers, particularly psychiatrists, between academic psychologists and these new clinical or applied psychologists, and between the various applied psychologists, and (2) how these training models (and organization membership requirements, codes of ethics, licensing and certification issues, and institutional accreditation) served as a way to professionalize clinical psychology, to improve its scientific status vis-a-vis psychiatry as well as help it establish a separate identity from academic psychology. Focusing on the 1896--1949 time period, this dissertation explores the emerging and evolving role of the clinical psychologist, from administrators of intelligence and occupational tests before, during and between the world wars to their increased visibility as therapists and researchers during and after World War II

Invasive Interactions

This paper discusses the body of work developed for my thesis, Invasive Interactions, which represents abstracted trees as a metaphor for humanistic situations. Through my forms I will discuss equality, abuse, isolation, community, and at the fundamental level, nature itself. Invasive Interactions was created to evoke a subtle awareness in the subconscious of the viewer and to emphasize our world\u27s diverse natural landscape and its fragility

The construction of an alpha chamber

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 1948. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

Factors that keep teachers with perceived leadership potential from seeking secondary principal and assistant principal positions

The purpose of this study was to determine what factors discourage or inhibit secondary school teachers who have demonstrated leadership potential from seeking secondary principal and assistant principal positions. There has been little systematic research investigating why teachers choose not to become school administrators, from their own perspective(s)

Improvement of Symptoms in Patients With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome by Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common female endocrine disorder with unknown etiology. Many treatments are available to treat the symptoms associated with this condition including obesity, insulin resistance, abnormal glucose metabolism, infertility, menstrual irregularity, hirsutism, and acne vulgaris. More recently, it has been found that women with PCOS, particularly if obese, are more likely to be vitamin D deficient. It is hypothesized that vitamin D and calcium metabolism can also affect symptoms associated with PCOS as it influences many physiologic processes within the body. Does vitamin D and calcium supplementation improve symptoms of PCOS? Methods: An exhaustive medical literature search was conducted using Medline-OVID, CINAHL, EBMR Multifile, GoogleScholar and Web of Science using keywords: polycystic ovarian syndrome and vitamin D. The search was further narrowed to include articles with English language and humans only. For included articles, bibliographies were screened for relevant articles. Included articles were evaluated using GRADE. Results: For this review, the final number of relevant, primary articles meeting inclusion criteria was a total of 6 articles. These articles included two randomized- controlled trials, three observational studies, and one case-control study. These studies vary in sample size, measurement of outcomes, population selection, and significance in results. Multiple studies suggest improvement in menstruation regularity, fertility, BMI, insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, and hyperandrogenism; but the studies evaluated have many limitations and yield insignificant observations. Conclusion: It is possible that vitamin D and calcium supplementation yields a good outcome in a variety of symptoms common in PCOS, but evidence is lacking in quality. A weak recommendation for vitamin D and calcium supplementation can be made as vitamin D is relatively inexpensive and safe. A stronger recommendation is made if PCOS patients are vitamin D deficient. Long-term, randomized clinical studies need to be conducted to determine whether vitamin D and calcium supplementation is necessary in the treatment of PCOS and to demonstrate the benefits of supplementation in relation to the general population with this condition

Box Butte Formation

68 p., [3] folded leaves of plates : ill., maps (1 col.) ; 26 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-68)."Sedimentary deposits of northwestern Nebraska formerly assigned to the Box Butte Member of the Sheep Creek Formation are redefined as the Box Butte Formation, new rank. Two new members are proposed: the Red Valley Member, new name, the lower unit; and the Dawes Clay Member, new name, paraconformably overlying it. Type localities, type sections, and a series of reference sections are proposed for each new or redefined unit. Deposits assigned to the two members of the Box Butte Formation crop out in irregular exposures, some of which occur in well-defined paleovalleys in an area covering nearly 900 square miles situated high along the rims and ridges of tablelands forming the northern border of the High Plains. Sediments of the Red Valley Member are red siltstones or clayey siltstones predominantly, with occasional sandstone lenses or admixtures of sand. Coarser clasts are confined to the bottom and sides of paleovalleys and are mostly small cobble- or pebble-sized sandstone concretions reworked from the underlying Runningwater Formation = Upper Marsland Formation.¹ The Red Valley Member occurs only in paleovalleys, which are narrow and steep-walled on the more westerly outcrops, but widen to a few hundred yards along the easterly exposures and are incised as much as 140 feet into the Runningwater. White to gray, hard, nodular calcareous concretions are the most distinctive lithologic feature of the Dawes Clay Member; they are conspicuously absent in the Red Valley Member. The Dawes Clay Member commonly is 25 to 30 feet thick but may range from 20 to 40 feet. It crops out as a distinctive set of mottled reddish and greenish clayey siltstones on which the characteristic white calcareous nodules may be concentrated at certain horizons. Where the Red Valley Member is absent, the Dawes Clay lies unconformably on the Runningwater Formation, and on most outcrops it is in contact with the Platy Bench, a topographic feature formed at several levels in the upper part of the Runningwater. In western Dawes, western Box Butte, and eastern Sioux counties, the Dawes Clay Member is overlain by beds correlated with the Sand Canyon Member of the Sheep Creek Formation. Mammalian fossils collected in the Box Butte Formation show that the formation was deposited earlier than the earliest beds of the Sheep Creek Formation and later than any beds assigned to the Runningwater Formation; thus the Box Butte was deposited during a segment of time heretofore not recognized formally in the Nebraska geologic section. 1. The term Runningwater Formation = Marsland Formation is used here to direct attention to the existence of two formational names that currently are being applied to the same set of beds. Until clarification of the status of the beds is published, proponents of either of the terms are advised to read Runningwater Formation = Marsland Formation whenever Runningwater Formation appears in the present report"--P. 5

Foraging-Related Activity of Bald Eagles at a Washington Seabird Colony and Seal Rookery

From 1980 to 1998, Washington\u27s Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) population increased at an annual rate of 10. Over the same time period, foraging activity of Bald Eagles at marine bird breeding colonies also increased. From 1993 to 2008, we observed foraging-related behavior of Bald Eagles on Violet Point, Protection Island. This island hosts more than 70 of the breeding seabirds in Washington\u27s inner seaways and serves as an important rookery for harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). We found that (1) eagles landed more frequently in seal haul-out (beach) areas than in gull-nesting (non-beach) areas of Violet Point, and that subadult eagles were more likely to land in gull-nesting areas than were adult eagles; (2) the presence of eagles on the beach was positively related to the presence of harbor seals on the beach; (3) a greater-than-expected number of adult eagles as compared with subadult eagles preyed on gull chicks; (4) subadult and adult eagles that attempted prey capture were equally successful at snatching gull chicks from the gull colony; (5) eagles were more likely to prey on gull eggs in tall grass than on gull eggs in sparse vegetation. Prey remains beneath one eagle nest on the island did not accurately reflect the range and relative frequencies of observed eagle predation events. Although seal afterbirths and dead pups constitute a major component of the diet of Bald Eagles on the island, the effect of eagles on live seals is probably negligible. In contrast, direct predation and indirect effects of eagle activity on Glaucous-winged Gull (Larus glaucescens) reproductive success may be substantial and may have been partly responsible for a 44 decrease in the number of gull nests in the colony from 19932008. © 2010 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc

Affective Depression Mediates PTSD to Suicide in a Sample of Treatment-Seeking First Responders

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the associations of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), affective or somatic depression, and suicide among first responders (FRs). Method: We used baseline data from FRs (N = 232) who sought services at a nonprofit mental health agency specializing in treating trauma exposed FRs. We conducted two PROCESS simple mediation models with PTSD as the predictor, affective depression and somatic depression as the mediators, and suicidality as the dependent variable. Results: Affective depression significantly mediated the relationship between PTSD and suicidality, whereas somatic depression did not. The direct effect of PTSD on suicidality was not significant. Limitations: These data are cross-sectional and should be followed up with longitudinal analyses across the course of treatment. Conclusions: To reduce suicide risk, it is recommended that clinicians target affective depression instead of PTSD symptoms