1,143 research outputs found
How can spatial language be learned?
How languages are learned is one of the deepest mysteries of cognitive science. This question can be addressed from multiple perspectives. This position paper considers two of them: (1) How do people learn spatial language? (2) Given the wide range of spatial terms in language, how might we bootstrap the linguistic capabilities of intelligent systems that need spatial language to achieve wide and accurate coverage? We discuss each question in turn
How should depiction be represented and reasoned about?
Interpreting a scene requires understanding how its visual properties and context yield evidence about the spatial and conceptual properties of what it depicts. Depiction is intimately tied to spatial language, since describing a scene
linguistically, or imagining a scene described in language, involves connecting linguistic and spatial knowledge. We focus here on scenes described via sketching
Proposal For a Study of Commonsense Physical Reasoning
This report describes research done at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Support for the laboratory's artificial intelligence research is provided in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense under Office of Naval Research contract N00014-80-C-0505.Our common sense views of physics are the first coin in our intellectual capital; understanding precisely what they contain could be very important both for understanding ourselves and for making machines more like us. This proposal describes a domain that has been designed for studying reasoning about constrained motion and describes my theories about performing such reasoning. The issues examined include qualitative reasoning about shape and physical processes, as well as ways of using knowledge about motion other than "envisioning". Being a proposal, the treatment of these issues is necessarily cursory and incomplete.MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agenc
Circular -- J.F. Forbus to James B. Finley
This printed circular contains information about the new temperance society for young people -- the Juvenile Order of the Cadets of Temperance. The program is described and legal documents regarding group formation are provided. Abstract Number - NOAB 7https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/finley-letters/2219/thumbnail.jp
Using a Visual Routine to Model the Computation of Positional Relationships
Modeling the encoding of visual stimuli is a complex, and often ignored, problem in computational models of visual and spatial problem solving. This paper outlines a toolkit for exploring encoding for two-dimensional visual scenes, Visual Routines for Sketches. The utility of this approach is shown by a new model for computing positional relationships, the Vector Symmetry model, that explains data from seven experiments and is more parsimonious than Regier & Carlson’s (2001) AVS model
Qualitative models for space system engineering
The objectives of this project were: (1) to investigate the implications of qualitative modeling techniques for problems arising in the monitoring, diagnosis, and design of Space Station subsystems and procedures; (2) to identify the issues involved in using qualitative models to enhance and automate engineering functions. These issues include representing operational criteria, fault models, alternate ontologies, and modeling continuous signals at a functional level of description; and (3) to develop a prototype collection of qualitative models for fluid and thermal systems commonly found in Space Station subsystems. Potential applications of qualitative modeling to space-systems engineering, including the notion of intelligent computer-aided engineering are summarized. Emphasis is given to determining which systems of the proposed Space Station provide the most leverage for study, given the current state of the art. Progress on using qualitative models, including development of the molecular collection ontology for reasoning about fluids, the interaction of qualitative and quantitative knowledge in analyzing thermodynamic cycles, and an experiment on building a natural language interface to qualitative reasoning is reported. Finally, some recommendations are made for future research
Neural Analogical Matching
Analogy is core to human cognition. It allows us to solve problems based on
prior experience, it governs the way we conceptualize new information, and it
even influences our visual perception. The importance of analogy to humans has
made it an active area of research in the broader field of artificial
intelligence, resulting in data-efficient models that learn and reason in
human-like ways. While cognitive perspectives of analogy and deep learning have
generally been studied independently of one another, the integration of the two
lines of research is a promising step towards more robust and efficient
learning techniques. As part of a growing body of research on such an
integration, we introduce the Analogical Matching Network: a neural
architecture that learns to produce analogies between structured, symbolic
representations that are largely consistent with the principles of
Structure-Mapping Theory.Comment: AAAI versio
Examining Student Identification With The Alumni Organization At A 4-Year Commuter Campus
Past research has identified several institutional and individual antecedents that lead to greater intent to support an organization. This paper takes an organizational identification approach in developing an Alumni Relationship Model (ARM) that can be used by universities to generate greater support for their Alumni services activities. This paper shows that by going beyond traditional organizational identification models and by introducing new variables, it is possible to broaden and enrich both practice and theory of organizational identification within a university setting
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