Ondernemen in de Ouderenzorg: Wensen, Weerstand, Werkelijkheid

Elfring, T. [Promotor]Boekholdt, M.G. [Promotor]Teelken, J.C. [Copromotor

HUBUNGANPENGETAHUAN PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN DAN PERILAKUHIDUP SEHATTERHADAP INDEKS MASSATUBUH SISWA KELAS VII SMPN 74 JAKARTA TIMUR

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara empiris kekuatan Hubungan Pengetahuan Pendidikan Kesehatan dan Perilaku Hidup Sehat terhadap Indeks Massa Tubuh pada siswa kelas VII SMPN 74 Jakarta Timur. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan teknik tes dalam bentuk angket kepada siswa SMPN 74 Jakarta Timur dengan populasi 140 dan sampel sebanyak 40 siswa.Adapun teknik instrumen yang dipergunakan adalah analisis kolerasi sederhana dan linear regresi sederhana dan berganda. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah instrumen kuesioner variabel pengetahuan pendidikan kesehatan dan variabel perilaku hidup sehat sedangkan variabel indeks massa tubuh menggunakan rumus tinggi dibagi berat badan dikuadratkan. Validitas instrumen untuk variabel pengetahuan pendidikan kesehatan analisis butir soal dengan pearson correlation, sedangkan variabel perilaku hidup sehat menggunakan analisis point biserial.Reabilitas untuk variabelpengetahuan pendidikan kesehatan di peroleh 0,912 dan untuk variabel perilaku hidup sehat diperoleh 0,967, yang berarti soal sangat baik dan dapat digunakan dalam penelitian. Analisis data hasil penelitian menggunakan kolerasi sederhana dan berganda dengan uji t pada taraf signifikan α = 0,05. Berdasarkan analisis data penelitian diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut : (1) terdapat hubunganyang positif pengetahuan pendidikan kesehatan dengan indeks massa tubuh dengan koefisien Korelasi pengetahuan pendidikan kesehatan dalam indeks massa tubuh rx1y = 0,410 Koefisien determinasi (r2X1Y) = 0,168 hal ini berarti bahwa 16,80% indeks massa tubuh ditentukan oleh pengetahuan pendidikan kesehatan (X1). (2) terdapat hubungan positif perilaku hidup sehat dengan indeks massa tubuh dengan koefisien korelasi rx2y = 0,542 Koefisien determinasi (r2 x2y) = 0,294 hal ini berarti bahwa 29,40% indeks massa tubuh ditentukan oleh perilaku hidup sehat (X2). (3) Uji 9 keberartian bahwa F hitung = 11,905 lebih besar dari F tabel = 3,252 berarti koefisien korelasi ry1-2 = 0,626 adalah berarti, koefisien determinasinya (r2 y1-2) = 0,3914 hal ini berarti bahwa 39,14% indek massa tubuh ditentukan oleh pengetahuan pendidikan kesehatan dan perilaku hidup sehat secara bersama-sama. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif pengetahuan pendidikan kesehatan dan perilaku hidup sehat terhadap indeks massa tubuh pada siswa kelas VII SMPN 74 Jakarta Timur. This study aims to determine empirically the strength of Knowledge Relationshi Health Education and Healthy Lifestyle to the Body Mass Index in class VII SMPN 74 Jakarta Timur. The method used in this study using a survey method with the testing techniques in the form of a questionnaire to students of SMPN 74 Jakarta Timur with a population of 140 and a sample of 40 students. The technique of the instruments used are simple correlation analysis and simple and multiple linear regression. The instrument used was a questionnaire instrument variables knowledge of health education and health behavior variables, while the variables body mass index using the formula weight divided by height squared. The validity of the instrument for analysis of health education knowledge variable items with the Pearson correlation, while the variables of healthy behavior analysis biserial point. Reliability for health education knowledge variable was obtained 0.912 and for healthy behavior variables obtained 0.967, which means about a very good and can be used in research. Analysis of survey data using a simple correlation and multiple t test at significance level α = 0.05. Based on the analysis of research data obtained as follows: (1) there is a positive correlation with the knowledge of health education with a body mass index Correlation coefficient knowledge of health education in body mass index rx1y = 0.410 coefficient of determination (r2X1Y) = 0.168, this means that 16.80 % of body mass index is determined by the knowledge of health education (X1). (2) there is a positive relationship healthy behavior with a body mass index with rx2y correlation coefficient = 0.542 coefficient of determination (r2x2y) = 0.294, this means that 29.40% of the body mass index is determined by healthy behavior (X2). (3) Test the significance that F 11 count = 11.905 is greater than F table = 3.252 ry1-2 mean correlation coefficient = 0.626 is the mean, the coefficient of determination (r2y1-2) = 0.3914 this means that 39.14% of the body mass index determined by the knowledge of health education and health behavior together. Thus it can be concluded that there is a positive relationship knowledge of health education and health behavior against the body mass index in class VII SMPN 74 Jakarta Timur

Behavioural Economics: Application to Quotidian Construction Decisions

Working on a construction project requires making important decisions quickly and frequently. Most of these decisions are made under risk in that the outcomes are not known, but their probabilities and impacts can be estimated, however imprecisely. Deciding whether to pave a road, given temperature predictions, is an example of such a decision. When the impacts are aggregated, they can represent a non-negligible amount relative to project budgets. Understanding project leaders’ behaviour when they make such decisions under risk may create opportunities to avoid future losses that result from suboptimal choices. As these decisions occur frequently in a construction project, it might be difficult for the project leaders to always make the best choice. By using a questionnaire referring to potential construction project situations, this study shows how certain behavioural tendencies can influence the choices of decision-makers. This experiment focuses on behavioural tendencies such as the certainty effect and loss aversion. It demonstrates how project leaders are sensitive to these behavioural tendencies by evoking reactions of risk aversion or risk chasing in the experiment’s participants by presenting them with situations involving risk. These observations lead to the question of how to detect such decision-making problems and how to correct them so as to avoid non-negligible losses of money for construction projects

Renal access coordinators\u27 impact on hemodialysis patient outcomes and associated service delivery: a systematic review

BackgroundRenal access coordinators contribute specifically to dialysis access care for people with chronic and end stage renal disease. Since the introduction of renal access coordinators into Australia in the early 2000s, there have been anecdotal examples of associated improvements in patient outcomes and service delivery; however scant published quantitative evidence exists. Thus, the impact of the implementation of renal access coordinators has not undergone a rigorous review to date.ObjectiveThe objective of this systematic review was to critically appraise and synthesize the best available evidence related to the impact of renal access coordinators on dialysis patient outcomes and associated service delivery.INCLUSION CRITERIATypes of participantsThis review considered studies that included renal access coordinators (noting variations of the titles) and adult hemodialysis patients (aged 18 years and over).Types of intervention(s)This review considered studies that evaluated the effectiveness of the renal access coordinator. This role typically consists of clinical and administration duties such as providing pre dialysis access coordination, access surveillance patient education and nurse education.Types of studiesThe types of studies considered within this review included experimental and epidemiological study designs. Thus randomized controlled trials (RCT), non-randomized controlled trials, and quasi-experimental, before and after studies, prospective and retrospective cohort studies were considered as were case control studies, analytical cross sectional studies and descriptive cross sectional studies. Types of outcomesPatient outcomes considered included: days to first vascular access complication (such as stenosis or thrombosis) and/or primary intervention (such as angioplasty or surgical intervention); percentage of central line insertions (negative); rate of arteriovenous fistula (AVF)/arteriovenous graft (AVG)/central venous catheter (CVC) at start of dialysis (incidence); prevalent rate of AVF/AVG/CVC; time to occlusion of AVF and time from referral to surgery. Service outcomes included: knowledge/up skilling of renal nurses; cannulation skills, ultrasound skills, knowledge of anatomy and physiology and other access related knowledge.Search strategyThe search strategy aimed to locate published and unpublished studies, utilizing a three-step searching approach. Studies published in English from 1990 to October 2013 were considered for inclusion in this review. Methodological qualityThe studies were assessed by two independent reviewers using the appropriate standardized critical appraisal instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data collectionData were extracted from papers included in the review using the standardised data extraction tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute, namely JBI Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI). Data synthesisThis review aimed to conduct meta-analyses of the findings: however, because of the limitations of the data found, this was not possible and so the findings are presented in a narrative format.ResultsFive studies were identified for inclusion in the review. No RCTs were found, therefore four of the five studies were pre-post intervention cohort studies and one was a prospective quality assurance report. Data were heterogeneous and thus did not allow for meta-analysis. All studies included multidisciplinary teams with variable emphasis on the renal access coordinator role. The pre post intervention cohort studies measured incident and/or prevalent AVF, AVG and CVC rates in the hemodialysis population and the quality assurance report measured the difference in patency rates between AVF and AVG. All discussed the role of central coordination as a contributor to the success of vascular access care. ConclusionsThis review found insufficient data to make firm conclusions about the impact that renal access coordinators have on patient outcomes. The results of this review suggest an association between renal access coordinators and improved patient outcomes. These improved patient outcomes were apparent in an increase in incident and prevalent AVFs, and a decrease in the incidence and prevalence of CVCs. Both associations are correlated with a reduction in infection rates, length of hospital stay and healthcare costs.<br /

Detections of CO Molecular Gas in 24um-Bright ULIRGs at z~2 in the Spitzer First Look Survey

We present CO observations of 9 ULIRGs at z~2 with S(24\mu m)>1mJy, previously confirmed with the mid-IR spectra in the Spitzer First Look Survey. All targets are required to have accurate redshifts from Keck/GEMINI near-IR spectra. Using the Plateau de Bure millimeter-wave Interferometer (PdBI) at IRAM, we detect CO J(3-2) [7 objects] or J(2-1) [1 object] line emission from 8 sources with integrated intensities Ic ~(5-9)sigma. The CO detected sources have a variety of mid-IR spectra, including strong PAH, deep silicate absorption and power-law continuum, implying that these molecular gas rich objects at z~2 could be either starbursts or dust obscured AGNs. The measured line luminosity L'[CO] is (1.28-3.77)e+10[K km/s pc^2]. The averaged molecular gas mass M(H2) is 1.7e+10Msun, assuming CO-to-H2 conversion factor of 0.8Msun/[K km/s pc^2]. Three sources (33%) -- MIPS506, MIPS16144 & MIPS8342 -- have double peak velocity profiles. The CO double peaks in MIPS506 and MIPS16144 show spatial separations of 45kpc and 10.9kpc, allowing the estimates of the dynamical masses of 3.2e+11*sin^(-2)(i)Msun and 5.4e+11*sin^{-2}(i)Msun respectively. The implied gas fraction, M(gas)/M(dyn), is 3% and 4%, assuming an average inclination angle. Finally, the analysis of the HST/NIC2 images, mid-IR spectra and IR SED revealed that most of our sources are mergers, containing dust obscured AGNs dominating the luminosities at (3-6)um. Together, these results provide some evidence suggesting SMGs, bright 24um z~2 ULIRGs and QSOs could represent three different stages of a single evolutionary sequence, however, a complete physical model would require much more data, especially high spatial resolution spectroscopy.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ