THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL STATUS OF WOMEN ON BIRTH INTERVAL IN INDONESIA

The median of birth interval in Indonesia is quite high which is 43,7 months. This figure can be classified asan ideal birth interval. However, the percentage point of the number of ideal birth interval only increases slowly(0,06 % annually). The findings of previous studies revealed that women’s status affected birth interval. Thus, thecurrent research aims to identify the influence of women’s status on birth interval in Indonesia context. The dataemployed in this study is taken from the 2007 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. The number of sampleused is 32.985 ever married women. The multinomial logistic regression is chosen for analysing the data since thedependent variables (birth interval) are categorical. The results of this study shows that educational level, wealthindex and the involvement of women in decision making related to the health services acquirement influences birthinterval

Differentials in Reproductive Health Knowledge among Adolescents in Indonesia

Due to societal taboos, traditional and religious norms, Indonesia’s Z-generation, who account for a large population, is frequently underinformed about reproductive health. The objectives of this study are to determine whether there are any differences in the knowledge of Indonesian young adults on reproductive health issues, modern contraceptive methods, and sources of information for reproductive health by selected sociodemographic characteristics. From the 2019 Performance and Accountability Survey, 41.582 never-married adolescents between the ages of 10 to 24 years were selected for the analysis. In this study, descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. The means of the two groups were compared using t-tests. The results show that adolescents still lack information about reproductive health. The overall means for knowledge of reproductive health, modern methods of contraception, and sources of information about reproductive health were 1.97, 2.54, and 3.07, respectively. Adolescents were highly exposed to message about reproductive health on television and the internet. Adolescents that are older, reside in urban areas, are more educated, and are wealthier are reported to have significantly higher knowledge than their counterparts. With enough concern and increased attention being provided to younger adolescents, who reside in rural areas, who have lesser education, and are from the lowest wealth index, emphasis should be placed on increasing information to promote reproductive health literacy among adolescents. Television and digital media are crucial communication channels for educating with young people about reproductive health. Policies and programs should be designed to involve peers, relatives, and teachers in providing information about reproductive health

THE PRACTICE OF EIGHT FAMILY FUNCTIONS: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN AGING FAMILIES IN INDONESIA

The family is essential in improving the older adults’ quality of life, where the family's role can be reflected in the eight family function practices: 1) Religious; 2) Sociocultural; 3) Love; 4) Protection; 5) Reproductive; 6) Socio-education; 7) Economic; and 8) Environmental. This study aimed to determine the differences in family function practices among aging families in rural and urban areas. Data were analyzed using Cross-Tabulation with the Chi-Square and Independent T-test from a sample of 12,391 aging families in the 2019 Program Accountability Performance Survey. The results of the Independent T-test p<0.001 indicate a significant difference in implementing each family function between aging families in urban and rural areas. Despite both regions' low index scores for eight family function practices, aging families in the urban area practice slightly better than aging families in the rural. The characteristics that distinguished the implementation of family functions in urban and rural areas were educational and economic factors. In aging families, economic and love functions are most commonly performed in rural and urban areas, whereas reproductive and educational functions are the least performed. This research suggests intensively socializing about the eight family functions and educating on the importance of reproductive and educational functions in improving the quality of life in aging families

WOMEN’S AUTONOMY AND UNINTENDED PREGNANCY: AN IDHS 2017 DATA ANALYSIS

Unintended pregnancy impacts hugely on maternal and child health. This study aimed to examine the influence of women’s autonomy on unintended pregnancies including unwanted and mistimed pregnancies. Using the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017, this study analyzed 12,624 currently married women who had birth within five years preceding the survey. Women’s autonomy was constructed from several variables related to women’s decision on obtaining health care, visiting family, and spending large household purchase. The result of logistic regression analysis showed that women’s autonomy affected significantly on unintended pregnancy after controlling other variables. However, it implied a negative correlation in which autonomous women were 1.3 more likely to experience unintended pregnancy than their counterparts. Both parity and birth interval showed the biggest influences on unintended pregnancy; the odds ratios were 2.7 and 3.1 respectively. Women who married at age 21 years and above, lived in rural areas and decided the number of children to have with husbands tended to have a lower risk facing an unintended pregnancy. Improving IEC and counseling about family planning and reproductive health is expected to increase couples’ knowledge. Therefore, the decisions on the number of children and contraceptive use can be made jointly and unintended pregnancy will be prevented

Pattern and Determinant of Contraceptive Use among Women in Indonesia from 2007 to 2017: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey

Background: Modern contraceptives are proven as the most effective birth control methods. However, it was a change in the pattern of modern method use in Indonesia to traditional. Objectives: This study investigated the pattern of contraceptive use and its determinant in Indonesia between 2007 and 2017. Methods: The study employed data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2007, 2012, and 2017. Eligible participants included all women aged 15–49 who were married/living together with a partner. The dependent variable was contraceptive method use categorized as long-term, short-term, and traditional. Weighted pooled logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the shifting patterns of the independent variables related to contraceptive use over time. Results: The trend of contraceptive use in Indonesia has shifted over the three periods of the IDHS. During the three survey periods, contraceptive use was still dominated by short-term contraception, although over the last five years, the proportion has shown a decline of around 9%. Traditional contraceptive adoption followed the same patterns as long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), although having a smaller prevalence. Education level was significantly unassociated with the use of the traditional method at the beginning of the observation. However, more educated and knowledgeable women about contraceptive methods were more likely to use traditional contraceptives, switched from long-acting use following the next five and ten years. Long-term methods were no longer significantly more common among women in Java and Bali after five and ten years; the likelihood of using traditional methods in Java and Bali was growing. Conclusion: This study showed that contraceptive use and determinants were always dynamic over time. Therefore, family planning strategies and policies should adapt accordingly. Giving an understanding of contraceptive methods' benefits and risks through adequate method information is encouraged to prevent contraceptive dropout or switch to less-effective methods

Family Support in Use of Contraception in Coastal Slums Area in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia

The use of contraception can prevent the risk of death for both mother and infant due to unplanned pregnancy. This study measures adult women's knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in contraceptive use in coastal slums. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors are supported by supporting factors and driving factors at the mother's household level. This research used a multilevel analytical with a cross-sectional approach. Adult women (individual levels) and heads of the family (family level) are subject in this study, separated into two groups in the individual and household unit. The total sample in this study is 734 samples and originated from 374 samples in individual and household units. The results of this study indicate that maternal knowledge about contraception and mother's education has a positive effect on contraceptive use, as well as husband's support and economic status. Women with an elementary and junior high school education tend not to use contraception 3-5 times more than women with higher education.The family variation between environments binds 26% of the results to the existing multilevel analysis so that contributions made by intervening risk factors at the family level will increase participation in individual contraceptive use by 26%. Supporting factors for mothers in using contraception influence the support of their husbands and family support. Elementary and junior high school education still dominantly influence contraception in adult women in first and second models. Women with primary and junior secondary education tend not to use contraception three to five times more than the group of women who have higher education. Contributions that can be made by intervening risk factors at the family level will increase the participation of contraceptive use in individuals by twenty-six percent. Keywords:  Contraception, Family Support, Slum Area