Prebiotic properties of non-fructosylated α-galactooligosaccharides from PEA (Pisum sativum L.) using infant fecal slurries

The interest for naturally-occurring oligosaccharides from plant origin having prebiotic properties is growing, with special focus being paid to supplemented products for infants. Currently, non-fructosylated α-galactooligosaccharides (α-GOS) from peas have peaked interest as a result of their prebiotic activity in adults and their mitigated side-effects on gas production from colonic bacterial fermentation. In this study, commercially available non-fructosylated α-GOS from peas and β-galactooligosaccharides (β-GOS) derived from lactose were fermented using fecal slurries from children aged 11 to 24 months old during 6 and 24 h. The modulatory effect of both GOS on different bacterial groups and bifidobacteria species was assessed; non-fructosylated α-GOS consumption was monitored throughout the fermentation process and the amounts of lactic acid and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) generated were analyzed. Non-fructosylated α-GOS, composed mainly of manninotriose and verbascotetraose and small amounts of melibiose, were fully metabolized and presented remarkable bifidogenic activity, similar to that obtained with β-GOS. Furthermore, non-fructosylated α-GOS selectively caused an increase on the population of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum and Bifidobacterium catenulatum/pseudo-catenulatum. In conclusion, non-fructosylated α-GOS could be used as potential ingredient in infant formula supplemented with prebiotic oligosaccharides.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, grant numbers AGL2017-83772-R and AGL2017-84614-C2-1-R (AEI/FEDER,UE); the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities grant number RTI2018-101273-J-I00 (JIN Program) and AGR2011-7626 from Junta de Andalucía

Legumes as food ingredient: characterization, processing, and applications

Editores: Jiménez-López, José Carlos (CSIC); Clemente, Alfonso (CSIC

Enzymatic synthesis of novel bioactive oligosaccharides via microbial transglycosidases acting on sucrose. structural characterization and bioactivity study

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad Ciencias, Departamento de Química Física Aplicada. Fecha de lectura: 15-07-201

A sustainable biotechnological process for the efficient synthesis of kojibiose

This work reports the optimization of a cost-effective and scalable process for the enzymatic synthesis of kojibiose (2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-α- d-glucose) from readily available and low-cost substrates such as sucrose and lactose. This biotechnological process is based on the dextransucrase-catalysed initial synthesis of a galactosyl-derivative of kojibiose (4-O-β-d- galactopyranosyl-kojibiose) followed by the removal of residual monosaccharides using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast treatment, and a thorough hydrolysis step with Kluyveromyces lactis β-galactosidase. Depending on the final purification stage, i.e. extension of the yeast treatment or the use of preparative liquid chromatography, the purity of the produced kojibiose ranged from 65% to ≥99%, respectively. The moderately high yield achieved (38%, in weight respect to the initial amount of lactose) using this affordable synthesis process could expand the potential applications of kojibiose according to the bioactive properties that have been associated with this disaccharide, so far limited by its low availability. © the Partner Organisations 2014.This work has been financed by projects AGL2011-27884 and Consolider Ingenio 2010 FUN-C-FOOD CSD2007-00063, both from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), ALIBIRD 2009/AGR-1469 from Comunidad de Madrid and project POII10-0178-4685 from Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). M. Díez-Municio is supported by CSIC through the JAE-Pre Programme co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF). M. Herrero thanks MICINN for his “Ramón y Cajal” contract.Peer Reviewe

Kojibiose ameliorates arachidic acid-induced metabolic alterations in hyperglycaemic rats

Herein we hypothesise the positive effects of kojibiose (KJ), a prebiotic disaccharide, selected for reducing hepatic expression of inflammatory markers in vivo that could modulate the severity of saturated arachidic acid (ARa)-induced liver dysfunction in hyperglycaemic rats. Animals were fed daily (20 d) with ARa (0.3 mg) together or not with KJ (22 mg approximately 0.5 %, w/w diet). Glucose, total TAG and cholesterol contents and the phospholipid profile were determined in serum samples. Liver sections were collected for the expression (mRNA) of enzymes and innate biomarkers, and intrahepatic macrophage and T-cell populations were analysed by flow cytometry. ARa administration increased the proportion of liver to body weight that was associated with an increased (by 11 %) intrahepatic macrophage population. These effects were ameliorated when feeding with KJ, which also normalised the plasmatic levels of TAG and N-acyl-phosphatidylethenolamine in response to tissue damage. These results indicate that daily supplementation of KJ significantly improves the severity of ARa-induced hepatic alterations.M. H. thanks MICINN for his ‘Ramón y Cajal’ contract. This work was supported by grants AGL2011-25169, AGL2011-27884 and Consolider Fun-C-Food CSD2007-00063 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN, Spain). M. D.-M. is supported by the High Research Council of the Spanish Government (CSIC) through JAE-Pre Programme, co-funded by European Social Fund (ESF).Peer Reviewe

Impregnación de Quitosano con Lactulosa mediante fluidos supercríticos: estudio en scaffolds y microesferas

2 páginas, 1 figura.-- Trabajo presentado al "Flucomp 2011: V Reunión de Expertos en Tecnologías de Fluidos Comprimidos" celebrada en Burgos (España) del 15 al 17 de junio de 2011.Hoy en día, la utilización de la tecnología de fluidos supercríticos para la impregnación de polímeros naturales está recibiendo una atención cada vez mayor. El interés por la tecnología de impregnación supercrítica en matrices poliméricas se deriva de la oportunidad de utilizar las propiedades de los fluidos supercríticos para la preparación de nuevos materiales poliméricos con propiedades y beneficios adicionales.Peer reviewe

Sweetness and sensory properties of commercial and novel oligosaccharides of prebiotic potential

This study investigates the sweetness properties and other sensory attributes of ten commercial and four novel prebiotics (4-galactosyl-kojibiose, lactulosucrose, lactosyl-oligofructosides and raffinosyl-oligofructosides) of high degree of purity and assesses the influence of their chemical structure features on sweetness. The impact of the type of glycosidic linkage by testing four sucrose isomers, as well as the monomer composition and degree of polymerization on sweetness properties were determined. Data from the sensory panel combined with principal component analysis (PCA) concludes that chain length was the most relevant factor in determining the sweetness potential of a carbohydrate. Thus, disaccharides had higher sweetness values than trisaccharides which, in turn, exhibited superior sweetness than mixtures of oligosaccharides having DP above 3. Furthermore, a weak nonsignificant trend indicated that the presence of a ketose sugar moiety led to higher sweetness. The novel prebiotics tested in this study had between 15 and 25% of relative sweetness, in line with other commercial prebiotics, and samples varied in their extent of off flavour. Therefore, these findings suggest a potential use for clean tasting prebiotics as partial sugar replacers, or in combination with high intensity sweeteners, to provide a well-balanced sweetness profile

Supercritical CO2 impregnation of lactulose on chitosan: A comparison between scaffolds and microspheres form

Nowadays, the application of green chemistry principles in the production of new polymeric materials is receiving an increasing attention. In the present work, we have investigated the impregnation of chitosan with lactulose using supercritical fluids under various operating conditions, in order to improve the solubility of this natural polymer at neutral or basic pH. A comparison between chitosan scaffolds and microspheres is also presented; both chitosans were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The degree of impregnation was evaluated by quantitative gas chromatography (GC-FID) analysis and interactions chitosan-lactulose by ninhydrin method. The supercritical carbon dioxide impregnation proved to be feasible for both chitosan forms. The highest impregnation yield (8.6%) was obtained for chitosan scaffolds using the following impregnation parameters: continuous process, 60 min contact time, 14% (v/v) of co-solvent ethanol:water (95:5), depressurization rate equal to 3.3 bar/min, 100 bar of pressure and 100 °C. Under these conditions, Maillard reaction also occurred. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This work has been financed by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project AGL2008-420 00941/ALI) and CSD2007-00063 FUN-CFOOD (Programa CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 421 2010) projects. M.H thanks the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (MICINN) for his 422 “Ramón y Cajal” postdoctoral contract.Peer Reviewe

Structural differences of prebiotic oligosaccharides influence their capability to enhance iron absorption in deficient rats

This study evaluates the influence of novel galacto-oligosaccharides derived from lactulose (GOS-Lu), kojibiose or 4′-galactosyl-kojibiose in hematological parameters of Fe homeostasis using Fe-deficient animals. Liver TfR-2, IL-6, NFκB and PPAR-γ expression (mRNA) were also determined by RT-qPCR analyses, and active hepcidin peptide production and short chain fatty acids by LC coupled to MS/MS or UV detection. Feeding animals with GOS-Lu or kojibiose together with FeCl3 increased hemoglobin (Hb) production (by 17%) and mean Hb concentration into erythrocytes relative to animals administered with FeCl3 alone (14.1% and 19.7%, respectively). Animals administered with prebiotics showed decreased plasmatic hepcidin levels, contributing to a higher intestinal absorption of the micronutrient. These data indicate that concurrent administration of these potentially prebiotic oligosaccharides together with a supplement of Fe ameliorates inflammation-mediated perturbations in the liver, according to the particular structure of the prebiotic compound, and result an attractive strategy to improve Fe absorption.JML and MD thank CSIC through JAE-Doc and JAE-Pre Programme, respectively, co-funded by European Social Fund (ESF). M. Herrero thanks MICINN for his “Ramón y Cajal” contract. This work was supported by projects AGL2011-25169, AGL2011-27884 and Consolider Fun-C-Food CSD2007-00063 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN, Spain).Peer reviewe

Síntesis enzimática y caracterización estructural de nuevos oligosacáridos derivados de sacarosa potencialmente bioactivos

Resumen del trabajo presentado en las I Jornadas Científicas CIAL Forum 2014, celebrado en Madrid el 5 de junio de 2014.La producción de nuevos oligosacáridos bioactivos suscita en la actualidad un gran interés debido a su posible uso como componentes funcionales en la industria alimentaria y farmacéutica. Entre las diversas estrategias empleadas para la producción de estos oligosacáridos, los procesos enzimáticos tienen un gran potencial, ya que normalmente presentan una alta especificidad por el sustrato, así como regio- y estereoespecificidad. En este trabajo se ha estudiado la obtención, vía síntesis enzimática, de varios carbohidratos que podrían presentar un potencial interés industrial, particularmente, en cuanto a su capacidad prebiótica. En general, estos oligosacáridos se han sintetizado mediante enzimas glicosiltransferasas (EC 2.4.1) producidas por bacterias lácticas con capacidad de catalizar reacciones de transferencia de la unidad de glucosa o fructosa de la sacarosa (donante) a una amplia gama de carbohidratos aceptores, dando lugar a rendimientos de síntesis elevados. Concretamente, en el presente trabajo, se describe la producción optimizada de oligosacáridos fructosilados derivados de lactosacarosa, rafinosa y maltosa, los trisacáridos lactulosacarosa y glucosil-lactosa, y el disacárido kojibiosa. Asimismo, también se discute la caracterización estructural (tipo de enlace, composición en monosacáridos y grado de polimerización) de los nuevos oligosacáridos sintetizados así como los posibles estudios que se planea llevar a cabo en un futuro próximo y que permitirán determinar la potencial bioactividad de estos oligosacáridos. Ambos aspectos permitirán profundizar en el conocimiento de la relación estructura-función, fundamental para el futuro desarrollo y posible comercialización de estos nuevos productos.Los autores agradecen la financiación otorgada por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España a través de los proyectos AGL2011-27884 y 2010 FUN-C-FOOD CSD2007-00063. M.D.-M. agradece al CSIC la concesión de una beca JAE-predoc. M.H. agradece al MICINN la concesión de un contrato “Ramón y Cajal”.Peer reviewe