Behavior of thermal plasma in the ionosphere and magnetosphere

Models of ion flow in the topside ionosphere were developed. These models took both H(+) and O(+) into account and permitted various parameter studies to be made affecting H(+) escape in polar winds. Extensive computer programs were written to display the measured electron density profiles in ways useful to geophysical analysis. The relationship between the location of the plasmapause as it is found in the equatorial plane and the location of the ionospheric trough was also investigated

Electron Temperature and Density Fluctuations in the Daytime Ionosphere

Daytime incoherent scatter measurements of electron temperature and density fluctuations in F layer of ionospher

Studies of the structure of the plasmasphere as seen by radiosounder measurements aboard the Alovetti-satellite

The structure of the plasmasphere was studied as seen by radiosounder measurements aboard the Alovetti-2 satellite. Magnetic tape data files were obtained from the NASA Ames Research Center to give a reasonably complete set of high latitude electron density profiles. Considerable effort was expended to develop models of ion flow in the topside ionosphere. These models took both H(+) and O(+) into account and permitted various parameter studies to be made of the various factors which affect H(+) escape in polar wind flows. The results of these studies are included. Extensive computer programs were written to display the measured electron density profiles in ways useful to geophysical analysis. The expected mid-latitude trough was easily discernable in the nightime ionosphere at locations expected from similar observations of the plasmapause. In the dayside ionosphere, however, it proved extremely difficult to find any trough-like phenomena. Using the previously developed computer models, it was possible to study the region where the plasmapause appeared to be absent. It was found that over much of the dayside, large fluxes were computed well inside the plasmapause extending down to L-shells as low as 2.5

Synthesis, characterization, and coordination of benzothiadiazines

Abstract: Metal complexes have many important roles in chemical and biological processes. The organic ligands bound to the metal influence their properties and reactivity. Redox-active ligands which can gain or lose electrons are particularly important in many chemical and biological processes involving electron transfer, i.e. the shuttling of electrons between molecular species. The development of new redox-active ligands provides opportunities to explore these important electron transfer processes. The Rawson group has previously investigated the synthesis of a family of polydentate N-donor ligands known as thiadiazines. These molecules are known to bind to metals and undergo both single and two electron oxidation. My project focuses on the synthesis, purification, and characterization of the bis(btda)H2 ligand (1), shown in Fig. 1, and its reactivity with transition metal and lanthanide ions. I will characterize the structures of the complexes through single crystal X-ray diffraction, UV/visible and NMR spectroscopy and examine their redox chemistry through cyclic voltammetry. The synthesis and purification of ligand 1 is described and its structure determined using 1-D and 2-D NMR experiments, elemental analysis (CHN), IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, melting point determination, and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Recent progress towards the identification of coordination complexes of bis(btda)H2 with various first-row transition metals and lanthanides are underway. Initial studies indicate selective oxidation of one of the two redox-active rings on each ligand, suggesting some degree of cooperative response between the two heterocycles. Long term objectives are to study (i) the biological properties of ligand 1 which is structurally related to a range of thiazide drugs utilised to treat hypertension and (ii) to utilise the ligand field associated with 1 to develop new spin crossover materials which have potential applications in data storage and thermal imaging

Intrinsic Gating Properties of a Cloned G Protein-activated Inward Rectifier K^+ Channel

The voltage-, time-, and K^+-dependent properties of a G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K^+ channel (GIRK1/KGA/Kir3.1) cloned from rat atrium were studied in Xenopus oocytes under two-electrode voltage clamp. During maintained G protein activation and in the presence of high external K^+ (V_K = 0 mV), voltage jumps from V_K to negative membrane potentials activated inward GIRK1 K^+ currents with three distinct time-resolved current components. GIRK1 current activation consisted of an instantaneous component that was followed by two components with time constants T_f~50 ms and T_s~400 ms. These activation time constants were weakly voltage dependent, increasing approximately twofold with maximal hyperpolarization from V_K. Voltage-dependent GIRK1 availability, revealed by tail currents at -80 mV after long prepulses, was greatest at potentials negative to V_K and declined to a plateau of approximately half the maximal level at positive voltages. Voltage-dependent GIRK1 availability shifted with V_K and was half maximal at V_K -20 mV; the equivalent gating charge was ~1.6 e^-. The voltage-dependent gating parameters of GIRK1 did not significantly differ for G protein activation by three heterologously expressed signaling pathways: m2 muscarinic receptors, serotonin 1A receptors, or G protein β1y2 subunits. Voltage dependence was also unaffected by agonist concentration. These results indicate that the voltage-dependent gating properties of GIRK1 are not due to extrinsic factors such as agonist-receptor interactions and G protein-channel coupling, but instead are analogous to the intrinsic gating behaviors of other inwardly rectifying K^+ channels

G94-1207 Scab of Wheat

The identification of and disease cycle of wheat scab is described along with its management. Guidelines for using wheat contaminated with vomitoxin also are included. Scab or Fusarium head blight is an important disease of wheat, barley, oats, rye and wheatgrasses. Scab manifests itself by the premature death or blighting of spikelets in the wheat head. Direct yield losses are often minor, but can be higher than 50 percent in severely infected fields. The economic significance is magnified by the possibility that the low quality, shriveled grain also can become contaminated by mycotoxins (e.g. vomitoxin, zearalenone)

The Reduction of Ionograms from the Bottomside and Topside Scientific Report No. 230

Reduction of ionograms to electron density height profiles on digital compute

Proceedings of the 1st Space Plasma Computer Analysis Network (SCAN) Workshop

The purpose of the workshop was to identify specific cooperative scientific study topics within the discipline of Ionosphere Magnetosphere Coupling processes and to develop methods and procedures to accomplish this cooperative research using SCAN facilities. Cooperative scientific research was initiated in the areas of polar cusp composition, O+ polar outflow, and magnetospheric boundary morphology studies and an approach using a common metafile structure was adopted to facilitate the exchange of data and plots between the various workshop participants. The advantages of in person versus remote workshops were discussed also

Fundamentals of Advanced Accounting: Seventh Edition

Fundamentals of Advanced Accounting, 7th edition, is ideal for those schools wanting to cover twelve chapters in their advanced accounting course. This concise text allows students to think critically about accounting, just as they will do preparing for the CPA exam. The text continues to show the development of financial reporting as a product of intense and considered debate that continues today and will into the future.https://scholarship.richmond.edu/bookshelf/1319/thumbnail.jp