Employee recognition, meaningfulness and behavioural involvement: Test of a moderated mediation model

This study examines how and under what conditions recognition practices are related to employee behavioural involvement at work. Combining social cognitive theory, social information processing theory and self-concordance theory, we develop and test a moderated mediation model in which (a) manager recognition promotes behavioural involvement both directly and indirectly through the intervening role of meaningfulness and (b) coworker recognition strengthens the benefits of manager recognition to meaningfulness and subsequent behavioural involvement. The results of a study of 130 employees provided empirical support for our model. These findings help clarify how different sources of recognition can shape the effective behavioural involvement in the workplace; they also emphasize the role of meaningfulness as an important psychological mechanism that explains the recognition–behaviour relation. The implications for theory and practice are discussed

Une silhouette naturelle est-elle fréquemment classée dans plusieurs catégories de base?

Les silhouettes ambiguës, comme celle du lapin/canard (Jastrow, 1899), ont été étudiées selon plusieurs approches. Toutefois, les figures prises en exemples dans la large majorité des études sont généralement les mêmes. Cette redondance des images ambiguës utilisées pousse à croire qu'elles sont peut-être assez rares. Certaines observations anecdotiques suggèrent cependant qu’elles seraient au contraire relativement fréquentes. C'est ce que cherche à déterminer cette expérience. Nous avons utilisé des modèles tridimensionnels d'animaux projetés de façon aléatoire afin d'en extraire les silhouettes dont la complexité périmétrique a ensuite été modifiée par lissage. Treize sujets ont dû indiquer ce qu'ils percevaient dans l'image. Nous démontrons qu’une silhouette est classée en moyenne dans 1.9079 catégories de base. Nous avons également démontré qu’une diminution de la complexité périmétrique rend d’abord une silhouette plus ambiguë pour éventuellement atteindre un sommet (équivalent à environ six fois la complexité périmétrique d’un disque) à la suite duquel l’ambiguïté chute.Ambiguous silhouettes such as the duck/rabbit (Jastrow, 1899) have been studied by several approaches. However, the figures taken as examples in the vast majority of studies are generally the same. This redundancy of the ambiguous images used in litterature implies they may be quite rare. On the other hand, anecdotal evidence suggests that they might be relatively frequent. This is what this experiment is trying to establish. We used three-dimensional models of animals from a random point of view to extract silhouettes whose perimetric complexity was subsequently modified by smoothing. Thirteen subjects were asked to indicate what they saw in the image. We show that silhouettes are classified on average with 1.9079 based categories. We also established that a decrease in the perimetric complexity initially makes a more ambiguous figure but that this effect eventually reaches a peak (at a perimetric complexity of approximately 6 times that of a disk) after which ambiguity drops

Toward Optimal Psychological Functioning in AI-driven Software Engineering Tasks: The SEWELL-CARE Assessment Framework

In the field of software engineering, there has been a shift towards utilizing various artificial intelligence techniques to address challenges and create innovative tools. These solutions are aimed at enhancing efficiency, automating tasks, and providing valuable support to developers. While the technical aspects are crucial, the well-being and psychology of the individuals performing these tasks are often overlooked. This paper argues that a holistic approach is essential, one that considers the technical, psychological, and social aspects of software engineering tasks. To address this gap, we introduce SEWELL-CARE, a conceptual framework designed to assess AI-driven software engineering tasks from multiple perspectives, with the goal of customizing the tools to improve the efficiency, well-being, and psychological functioning of developers. By emphasizing both technical and human dimensions, our framework provides a nuanced evaluation that goes beyond traditional technical metrics

Évaluation numérique et expérimentale du drainage et de la consolidation de résidus miniers à proximité d'une inclusion de roches stériles

RÉSUMÉ : Les résidus miniers sont typiquement déposés hydrauliquement, en surface, sous forme de pulpe dans des parcs entourés (au moins partiellement) de digues. Une méthode de co-disposition des roches stériles dans les parcs à résidus a été développée de manière à améliorer la gestion des rejets au cours du cycle de vie d’une mine (opération, fermeture, post-fermeture). Cette méthode, développée à Polytechnique Montréal, consiste principalement à utiliser des roches stériles, plus perméables et rigides, pour construire des inclusions linéaires continues dans le parc à résidus pour en accélérer le drainage et en améliorer la stabilité géotechnique.----------ABSTRACT : Tailings are typically deposited hydraulically as a slurry in surface impoundment surrounded (at least partially) by dykes. A method for the co-disposition of waste rock within tailings impoundment has been developed at Polytechnique Montréal to improve the performance of impoundments during the mine cycle (operation, closure, post-closure) This method consists of using more permeable and stronger waste rock to create continuous inclusions within the impoundment to provide drainage and enhance stability

La thérapie manuelle du rachis lombaire

Travail d'intégration réalisé dans le cadre du cours PHT-6113.INTRO : La thérapie manuelle orthopédique a été prouvée efficace dans le traitement des lombalgies, mais se révèle difficilement objectivable. OBJECTIFS : Quantifier et comparer les forces appliquées lors des différents grades de mobilisations entre les physiothérapeutes et les étudiants. MÉTHODOLOGIE : Les 4 physiothérapeutes expérimentés et les 4 étudiants sélectionnés exécutent des PPA, de grades 1 à 4, sur les vertèbres L2 et L4 de 5 sujets asymptomatiques durant 30 secondes. Trois plateformes de force enregistrent les forces appliquées selon les axes X, Y et Z. Des analyses statistiques de type T (de Student) furent pratiquées pour déterminer s’il existe une différence significative entre les moyennes de force appliquées entre les physiothérapeutes et les étudiants. RÉSULTATS : Les physiothérapeutes appliquent une force maximale entre 40% et 49% supérieure à celle des étudiants dans tous les grades. Les physiothérapeutes appliquent une force minimale entre 41% et 50% supérieure à celle des étudiants dans tous les grades de L2 et L4 (p<0,024) à l’exception du grade 1 au niveau L2, (p=0,165). Les grades 1-2 et 3-4 démontrent certaines similitudes entre eux au niveau de leur maximum de force appliquée. La fréquence et la durée des PPA sont comparables entre les deux groupes d’évaluateurs. CONCLUSION : Il existe une différence significative entre les forces appliquées par les étudiants et les physiothérapeutes lors des PPA sur les vertèbres lombaires. Ces derniers appliquent davantage de force pour les quatre grades. Davantage de recherches sont nécessaires afin de s’assurer que ces résultats sont généralisables

L'habilitation des employés : de l'habilitation psychologique à l'habilitation comportementale

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

The ventriloquist in periphery: Impact of eccentricity-related reliability on audio-visual localization

The relative reliability of separate sensory estimates influences the way they are merged into a unified percept. We investigated how eccentricity-related changes in reliability of auditory and visual stimuli influence their integration across the entire frontal space. First, we surprisingly found that despite a strong decrease in auditory and visual unisensory localization abilities in periphery, the redundancy gain resulting from the congruent presentation of audio-visual targets was not affected by stimuli eccentricity. This result therefore contrasts with the common prediction that a reduction in sensory reliability necessarily induces an enhanced integrative gain. Second, we demonstrate that the visual capture of sounds observed with spatially incongruent audio-visual targets (ventriloquist effect) steadily decreases with eccentricity, paralleling a lowering of the relative reliability of unimodal visual over unimodal auditory stimuli in periphery. Moreover, at all eccentricities, the ventriloquist effect positively correlated with a weighted combination of the spatial resolution obtained in unisensory conditions. These findings support and extend the view that the localization of audio-visual stimuli relies on an optimal combination of auditory and visual information according to their respective spatial reliability. All together, these results evidence that the external spatial coordinates of multisensory events relative to an observer's body (e.g., eyes' or head's position) influence how this information is merged, and therefore determine the perceptual outcome

Assessing a standardised approach to measuring corticospinal integrity after stroke with DTI

The structural integrity of the corticospinal tract (CST) after stroke is closely linked to the degree of motor impairment. Simple and reliable methods of assessing white matter integrity within the CST would facilitate the use of this measure in routine clinical practice. Commonly, diffusion tensor imaging is used to measure voxel-wise fractional anisotropy (FA) in a variety of regions of interest (ROIs) representing the CST. Several methods are currently in use with no consensus about which approach is best. ROIs are usually either the whole CST or the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC). These are created manually on brain images or with reference to an individual's CST determined by tractography. Once the ROI has been defined, the FA can be reported as an absolute measure from the ipsilesional side or as a ratio in comparison to the contralesional side. Both corticospinal tracking and manual ROI definition in individual stroke patients are time consuming and subject to bias. Here, we investigated whether using a CST template derived from healthy volunteers was a feasible method for defining the appropriate ROI within which to measure changes in FA. We reconstructed the CST connecting the primary motor cortex to the ipsilateral pons in 23 age-matched control subjects and 21 stroke patients. An average healthy CST template was created from the 23 control subjects. For each patient, FA values were then calculated for both the template CST and for their own CST. We compared patients' FA metrics between the two tracts by considering four measures (FA in the ipsilesional side, FA in the contralesional side, FA ratio of the ipsilesional side to the contralesional side and FA asymmetry between the two sides) and in two tract-based ROIs (whole tract and tract section traversing the PLIC). There were no significant differences in FA metrics for either method, except for contralesional FA. Furthermore, we found that FA metrics relating to CST damage all correlated with motor ability post-stroke equally well. These results suggest that the healthy CST template could be a surrogate structure for defining tract-based ROIs with which to measure stroke patients' FA metrics, avoiding the necessity for CST tracking in individual patients. CST template-based automated quantification of structural integrity would greatly facilitate implementation of practical clinical applications of diffusion tensor imaging

Contrasting Properties of Motor Output from the Supplementary Motor Area and Primary Motor Cortex in Rhesus Macaques

The goal of this study was to assess the motor output capabilities of the forelimb representation of the supplementary motor area (SMA) in terms of the sign, latency and strength of effects on electromyographic (EMG) activity. Stimulus triggered averages of EMG activity from 24 muscles of the forelimb were computed in SMA during a reach-to-grasp task. Poststimulus facilitation (PStF) from SMA had two distinct peaks (15.2 and 55.2 ms) and one poststimulus suppression (PStS) peak (32.4 ms). The short onset latency PStF and PStS of SMA were 5.5 and 16.8 ms longer than those of the primary motor cortex (M1). The average magnitudes (peak increase or decrease above baseline) of the short and long latency PStF and PStS from SMA at 60 μA were 13.8, 11.3 and −11.9% respectively. In comparison, M1 PStF and PStS magnitudes at 15 μA were 50.2 and −23.8%. Extrapolating M1 PStF magnitude to 60 μA yields a mean effect that is nearly 15 times greater than the mean PStF from SMA. Moreover, unlike M1, the facilitation of distal muscles from SMA was not significantly greater than the facilitation of proximal muscles. We conclude that the output from SMA to motoneurons is markedly weaker compared with M1 raising doubts about the role of SMA corticospinal neurons in the direct control of muscle activit

Prospectives

Tiré de: Prospectives, vol. 14, no 4, déc. 1978Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 24 janv. 2013