OCCURRENCE OF CARBAPENEMASES AND EXTENDED-SPECTRUM Î’ETA-LACTAMASES IN UROPATHOGENIC ENTEROBACTERIACEAE ISOLATED FROM A COMMUNITY SETTING, SETTAT, MOROCCO

Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are still commonly diagnosed in outpatients as well as in hospitalized patients. In this study, weinvestigated the prevalence and performed molecular characterization of extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemases produced byEnterobacteriaceae isolates that cause community UTIs in Settat city, Morocco.Methods: From January 2012 to December 2013, all uropathogenic community Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected from the microbiologylaboratory of Hassan II Hospital, Settat, Morocco. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed as recommended by Clinical and LaboratoryStandard Institute. Phenotypic identification of ESBL and carbapenemase producer isolates was confirmed by the double-disk synergy test and themodified Hodge test, respectively. Molecular characterization of β-lactamase genes was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followedby sequencing of the obtained products.Results: Among 153 isolates, 31 (20.26%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Nine strains (5.88%) were ESBL producers, of which Klebsiellapneumoniae (n=5; 20.83%), Escherichia coli (n=3; 3.15%), and Enterobacter cloacae (n=1; 9.09%) species were identified. The results of ESBLencodinggene detection by sequencing revealed the presence of CTX-M-15 (n=9) in association with other β-lactamase genes such as temoneira 1 (n=8) and sulfhydryl variable 1 (n=5). According to the modified Hodge test and PCR, three isolates (1.96%) were positive carry the blaConclusion: The emergence of MDR uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae isolates in our community is highly alarming. Strict measures will be required to control the further spread of these uropathogenic isolates. Keywords: Carbapenemase, Enterobacteriaceae, Extended-spectrum-β-lactamases, Moroccan community.OXA-48 gene.Keywords: Carbapenemase, Enterobacteriaceae, Extended-spectrum-β-lactamases, Moroccan community.Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are still commonly diagnosed in outpatients as well as in hospitalized patients. In this study, we investigatedtheprevalenceandperformedmolecularcharacterizationofextended-spectrum-β-lactamases(ESBL)andcarbapenemasesproducedby Enterobacteriaceae isolates that cause community UTIs in Settat city, Morocco. Methods: From January 2012 to December 2013, all uropathogenic community Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected from the microbiology laboratory of Hassan II Hospital, Settat, Morocco. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Phenotypic identification of ESBL and carbapenemase producer isolates was confirmed by the double-disk synergy test and the modified Hodge test, respectively. Molecular characterization of β-lactamase genes was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by sequencing of the obtained products. Results: Among 153 isolates, 31 (20.26%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Nine strains (5.88%) were ESBL producers, of which Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=5; 20.83%), Escherichia coli (n=3; 3.15%), and Enterobacter cloacae (n=1; 9.09%) species were identified. The results of ESBL- encodinggenedetectionbysequencingrevealedthepresenceofCTX-M-15(n=9)inassociationwithotherβ-lactamasegenessuchastemoneira1 OXA-48 (n=8) and sulfhydryl variable 1 (n=5). According to the modified Hodge test and PCR, three isolates (1.96%) were positive carry the bla gene.  Conclusion:TheemergenceofMDRuropathogenicEnterobacteriaceaeisolatesinourcommunityishighlyalarming.Strictmeasureswillberequiredto control the further spread of these uropathogenic isolates. Keywords: Carbapenemase, Enterobacteriaceae, Extended-spectrum-β-lactamases, Moroccan community

Prospection des maladies microbiennes de l’olivier dans la région Tadla-Azilal

The present study aims to locate possible foci of infections of fungal and bacterial origins in the olive grove of Tadla-Azilal region and to estimate the rates of infestation based on a symptomatological diagnosis. Surveys carried out in 11 municipalities and villages (February-April 2017), allowed us to identify the presence of three diseases of microbial origin, two of which are of fungal origin, namely verticillium wilt, and olive scab (Peacock’s eye) and one of bacterial origin, olive knot disease. The importance of scab in the region is 91.3%. The orchards of Beni Mellal, Tagzirt, Mghila and Sidi Jabber are the most affected by this disease. As for verticillium wilt, one of the most serious diseases of the olive tree, it represents 65.2% in the region, particularly in the orchards of Fquih Ben Salah (75%) which are the most affected, followed by Beni Mellal and Azilal with 66.7% and 55.6%, respectively. The importance of bacteriosis in olive groves is around 13.0%. 2 out of 6 (33.3%) villages and the visited municipalities of Beni Mellal region are touched by the disease. In the Azilal region, no sign of this disease is encountered. The assessment of the knowledge of 103 farmers in the region regarding olive diseases and control methods reveal that 82.8% have knowledge about the presence of pests and microbial diseases, including the peacock’s eye, psyllid, verticillium wilt which are the most mentioned. However, only 48.5% of these farmers declare the adoption of a treatment against these phytopathologies. Keywords: Olive diseases, fungi, bacteria, Tadla-Azilal regionLa présente étude vise à localiser d’éventuels foyers d'infections d’origines fongiques et bactériennes de l’olivier au niveau de la région de Tadla-Azilal et d’en estimer les taux d’infestation sur la base d’un diagnostic symptomatologique. Les prospections effectuées, dans 11 communes et villages (Février-Avril 2017), nous ont permis de recenser la présence de trois maladies d’origine microbienne dont deux d’origine fongique à savoir la verticilliose et la tavelure (l’œil de paon) et une d’origine bactérienne, la tuberculose de l’olivier. L’importance de la tavelure dans la région est 91,3 %. Les vergers de Béni Mellal, Tagzirt, Mghila et Sidi Jabber sont les plus touchés par cette maladie. Quand à la verticilliose, une des maladies les plus graves de l'olivier, elle représente 65,2% dans la région, notamment au niveau des vergers de Fquih Ben Salah (75%) qui sont les plus atteints suivis de Béni Mellal et Azilal avec 66,7% et 55,6%, respectivement. L’importance de la bactériose dans les oliveraies est de 13,0%. Sur 6 douars et communes de la région de Béni Mellal visités, 2 (soit 33,3%) sont atteints de la maladie. Dans la région d’Azilal, aucun signe de cette maladie n’est rencontré. L’évaluation des connaissances de 103 agriculteurs de la région vis-à-vis des phytopathologies et les méthodes de lutte révèle que 82,8% ont des connaissances sur la présence des ravageurs et maladies microbiennes, dont l’œil de paon, le psylle, la verticilliose sont les plus mentionnés. Néanmoins, seulement 48,5% de ces agriculteurs déclarent l’adoption d’un traitement phytosanitaire contre ces phytopathologies. Mots clés: Maladies d’oliviers, champignons, bactéries, région Tadla-Azila

Antibiotic resistance profiling of Uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae, Casablanca, Morocco

Introduction: the urinary tract infection is a pathology frequents as well in community as at the hospital. In last years, there has been increased the incidence of antibiotic resistance in Uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. This development explains the need for periodic regional surveillance of this resistance to antibiotics, which poses a real problem of public health, because it affects several molecules ranging from β-lactam to quinolones. Objective: the aims of this study is to determine the profile of antibiotic resistance of Uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae isolated from medical analysis laboratories in Casablanca, Morocco. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study that was conducted on patients who visited medical analysis laboratories in Casablanca city, for urinalysis test from 01 January 2017 to 30 December 2018 (a two full years). The culture was performed according to the usual techniques, and the antibiogram was done according to the recommendations of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society of Microbiology. The statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft 2016). Results: During our study, we reported 18% of urinary tract infections, Sex ratio F/M was 1.79. In addition, Enterobacteriaceae were the most common germs. Of all the strains isolated, we noted a predominance of Escherichia coli with 75.41%) and Klebsiella ssp with 17.05%. In the course of this study period, we observed high rates of resistance to the main classes of antibiotics, and an overall increase between 2017 and 2018 in this resistance to the majority of β-lactam antibiotics, quinolones and aminoglycosides for almost all species of Uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. However, amikacin was the most active molecule against the Uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae strains isolates. Conclusion: The development of resistance of Uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae to antibiotics is a worrying phenomenon that exposes us to difficulties in the therapeutic management of infections. The current control of antimicrobial resistance is a real emergency and requires the involvement of public awareness before government instructions

Letter to the Editor: First report of an OXA-58 carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolated fromurinary tract infection, in Morocco

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