Exploration et gestion des connaissances des ressources en IHM

National audienceNous présentons dans l' article le résultat d'un travail réalisé à l'école de Printemps 2010 de l'AFIHM. L'analyse des activités liées à la réalisation d' un état de l'art nous montre qu'une des tâches les plus compliquées est la familiarisation avec un nouveau domaine. Pour outiller cette activité, nous présentons des pistes de réflexion basées sur une analogie avec la mémoire humaine

Sémiotique et visualisation de l'identité numérique: une étude comparée de Facebook et Myspace

Digital identity is divided into 3 sign sets: (1) declarative identity, (2) acting identity and (3) calculated identity. This typology allows leading a quantitative analysis of cultural influence of identity representation in social web, through the comparative study of two social networks: Facebook and MySpace. Unlike early web, social web makes possible identification of a user without having to declare describing elements. The comparative analysis presented here continues this analysis by specifying the procedures of this new paradigm of identity and highlighting two different ideologies of identity, on the one hand, a normative one to stimulate socialization, on the other hand, an egocentric one for the sake of self-expression. “Calculated identity” encourages users to make comparisons between them and feed their representation, but increasing disproportionately the number of friends is not sufficient to play the social game as it is structured by Facebook: visualization shows that the social network is maintained by sharing. Sharing photos, participating in shared groups is a part of regular social interaction announcing the emergence of a new intersubjective language.Un modèle sémiotique de l'identité numérique construit précédemment distingue 3 ensembles de signes : l'identité déclarative, agissante et calculée. Ce modèle est utilisé pour développer une analyse quantitative appliquée de l'emprise culturelle du web 2.0 sur la représentation de l'identité à travers l'étude comparative de deux logiciels de réseaux sociaux, Facebook et Myspace. Contrairement au premier web, le web social rend possible l'identification personnelle d'un utilisateur sans qu'il ait à déclarer des éléments qui le décrivent ; l'analyse comparée ici présentée poursuit cette analyse en précisant les procédés de ce nouveau paradigme identitaire et mettant en évidence des idéologies identitaires différentes, l'une normative par souci de socialisation, l'autre égocentrée par souci d'expression de soi. L'identité calculée incite les utilisateurs à établir des comparaisons entre eux et à nourrir leur représentation, mais il ne s'agit pas pour autant de jouer à accroître démesurément un critère comme le nombre d'amis pour jouer le jeu social : les graphes nœud-lien montrent que le réseau s'entretient par le partage. Partager des photographies, participer à des groupes communs fait partie des échanges sociaux réguliers qui annoncent l'émergence d'un nouveau langage intersubjectif

Development of a Novel Robot for Transperineal Needle Based Interventions: Focal Therapy, Brachytherapy and Prostate Biopsies

Purpose: We report what is to our knowledge the initial experience with a new 3-dimensional ultrasound robotic system for prostate brachytherapy assistance, focal therapy and prostate biopsies. Its ability to track prostate motion intraoperatively allows it to manage motions and guide needles to predefined targets. Materials and Methods: A robotic system was created for transrectal ultrasound guided needle implantation combined with intraoperative prostate tracking. Experiments were done on 90 targets embedded in a total of 9 mobile, deformable, synthetic prostate phantoms. Experiments involved trying to insert glass beads as close as possible to targets in multimodal anthropomorphic imaging phantoms. Results were measured by segmenting the inserted beads in computerized tomography volumes of the phantoms. Results: The robot reached the chosen targets in phantoms with a median accuracy of 2.73 mm and a median prostate motion of 5.46 mm. Accuracy was better at the apex than at the base (2.28 vs 3.83 mm, p <0.001), and similar for horizontal and angled needle inclinations (2.7 vs 2.82 mm, p = 0.18). Conclusions: To our knowledge this robot for prostate focal therapy, brachytherapy and targeted prostate biopsies is the first system to use intraoperative prostate motion tracking to guide needles into the prostate. Preliminary experiments show its ability to reach targets despite prostate motion

Preliminary safety and efficacy of first-line pertuzumab combined with trastuzumab and taxane therapy for HER2-positive locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer (PERUSE).

BACKGROUND: Pertuzumab combined with trastuzumab and docetaxel is the standard first-line therapy for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, based on results from the phase III CLEOPATRA trial. PERUSE was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of investigator-selected taxane with pertuzumab and trastuzumab in this setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the ongoing multicentre single-arm phase IIIb PERUSE study, patients with inoperable HER2-positive advanced breast cancer (locally recurrent/metastatic) (LR/MBC) and no prior systemic therapy for LR/MBC (except endocrine therapy) received docetaxel, paclitaxel or nab-paclitaxel with trastuzumab [8\u2009mg/kg loading dose, then 6\u2009mg/kg every 3\u2009weeks (q3w)] and pertuzumab (840\u2009mg loading dose, then 420\u2009mg q3w) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was safety. Secondary end points included overall response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Overall, 1436 patients received at least one treatment dose (initially docetaxel in 775 patients, paclitaxel in 589, nab-paclitaxel in 65; 7 discontinued before starting taxane). Median age was 54\u2009years; 29% had received prior trastuzumab. Median treatment duration was 16\u2009months for pertuzumab and trastuzumab and 4\u2009months for taxane. Compared with docetaxel-containing therapy, paclitaxel-containing therapy was associated with more neuropathy (all-grade peripheral neuropathy 31% versus 16%) but less febrile neutropenia (1% versus 11%) and mucositis (14% versus 25%). At this preliminary analysis (52 months' median follow-up), median PFS was 20.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 18.9-22.7] months overall (19.6, 23.0 and 18.1\u2009months with docetaxel, paclitaxel and nab-paclitaxel, respectively). ORR was 80% (95% CI 78%-82%) overall (docetaxel 79%, paclitaxel 83%, nab-paclitaxel 77%). CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary findings from PERUSE suggest that the safety and efficacy of first-line pertuzumab, trastuzumab and taxane for HER2-positive LR/MBC are consistent with results from CLEOPATRA. Paclitaxel appears to be a valid alternative taxane backbone to docetaxel, offering similar PFS and ORR with a predictable safety profile. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT01572038

Final results from the PERUSE study of first-line pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus a taxane for HER2-positive locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer, with a multivariable approach to guide prognostication

Background: The phase III CLinical Evaluation Of Pertuzumab And TRAstuzumab (CLEOPATRA) trial established the combination of pertuzumab, trastuzumab and docetaxel as standard first-line therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive locally recurrent/metastatic breast cancer (LR/mBC). The multicentre single-arm PERtUzumab global SafEty (PERUSE) study assessed the safety and efficacy of pertuzumab and trastuzumab combined with investigator-selected taxane in this setting. Patients and methods: Eligible patients with inoperable HER2-positive LR/mBC and no prior systemic therapy for LR/mBC (except endocrine therapy) received docetaxel, paclitaxel or nab-paclitaxel with trastuzumab and pertuzumab until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was safety. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Prespecified subgroup analyses included subgroups according to taxane, hormone receptor (HR) status and prior trastuzumab. Exploratory univariable analyses identified potential prognostic factors; those that remained significant in multivariable analysis were used to analyse PFS and OS in subgroups with all, some or none of these factors. Results: Of 1436 treated patients, 588 (41%) initially received paclitaxel and 918 (64%) had HR-positive disease. The most common grade 653 adverse events were neutropenia (10%, mainly with docetaxel) and diarrhoea (8%). At the final analysis (median follow-up: 5.7 years), median PFS was 20.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 18.9-23.1] months overall and was similar irrespective of HR status or taxane. Median OS was 65.3 (95% CI 60.9-70.9) months overall. OS was similar regardless of taxane backbone but was more favourable in patients with HR-positive than HR-negative LR/mBC. In exploratory analyses, trastuzumab-pretreated patients with visceral disease had the shortest median PFS (13.1 months) and OS (46.3 months). Conclusions: Mature results from PERUSE show a safety and efficacy profile consistent with results from CLEOPATRA and median OS exceeding 5 years. Results suggest that paclitaxel is a valid alternative to docetaxel as backbone chemotherapy. Exploratory analyses suggest risk factors that could guide future trial design

Multiscale Visual Analysis of Lexical Networks

International audienceA lexical network is a very useful resource for natural language processing systems. However, building high quality lexical networks is a complex task. "Jeux de mots'' is a web game which aims at building a lexical network for the French language. At the time of this paper's writing, "jeux de mots'' contains 164 480 lexical terms and 397 362 associations. Both lexical terms and associations are weighted with a metric that determines the importance of a given term or association. Associations between lexical terms are typed. The network grows as new games are played. The analysis of such a lexical network is challenging.The aim of our work is to propose a multi-scale interactive visualization of the network to facilitate its analysis. Our work builds on previous work in multi-scale visualization of graphs. Our main contribution in this domain includes (1) the automatic computation of compound graphs, (2) the proximity measure used to compute compound nodes, and (3) the computation of the containment relation used to exhibit the dense relation between one important node and a set of related nodes

Environmental hazard assessment of former mines : main methodological points

International audienceThe environmental hazard assessment of former mine sites concerns the surface water, groundwater, soils and sediments and allows the listing and location of the potential areas exposed to one or several contaminations with possible harmful consequences on human and the environment. This assessment needs to evaluate the intensity of the potential pollution and the site predisposition or sensitivity to be affected by this (these) pollution (s). The areas characterized by each environmental hazard classes will be mapped for a better understanding. If necessary the results will be used for the PPRM drawing upL'évaluation de l'aléa environnement sur les anciens sites miniers concerne les eaux de surface et souterraines, les sols et les sédiments et doit permettre l'inventaire et la localisation des zones potentiellement exposées à une (des) pollution (s) pouvant avoir des conséquences sur la santé humaine et les écosystèmes. Cette évaluation nécessite d'estimer l'intensité des pollutions potentielles mais aussi la prédisposition ou la sensibilité du site à être affecté par ces pollutions. Les secteurs géographiques caractérisés par chaque niveau d'aléa environnemental seront reportés sur carte pour une meilleure compréhension et visualisation. Les résultats pourront si nécessaire être utilisés dans l'élaboration des PPRM