Hypergraph Learning with Line Expansion

Previous hypergraph expansions are solely carried out on either vertex level or hyperedge level, thereby missing the symmetric nature of data co-occurrence, and resulting in information loss. To address the problem, this paper treats vertices and hyperedges equally and proposes a new hypergraph formulation named the \emph{line expansion (LE)} for hypergraphs learning. The new expansion bijectively induces a homogeneous structure from the hypergraph by treating vertex-hyperedge pairs as "line nodes". By reducing the hypergraph to a simple graph, the proposed \emph{line expansion} makes existing graph learning algorithms compatible with the higher-order structure and has been proven as a unifying framework for various hypergraph expansions. We evaluate the proposed line expansion on five hypergraph datasets, the results show that our method beats SOTA baselines by a significant margin

Gene therapy and cellular transplantation : towards a combination strategy for spinal cord injury repair.

The combination of viral mediated gene delivery, tissue engineering, and Schwann cell (SC) transplantation offer a promising strategy to enhance axonal regeneration and functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). The rationale and feasibility of using such combination has been extensively reviewed in Chapter 1. The study presented in Chapter 2 showed that lentiviral vectors are most suitable in situations where stable long term transgene expression is needed, while adenovirus and retrovirus are more suited for transient gene delivery. Tissue engineering combined with Schwann cell (SC) transplantation is a promising method to enhance regeneration and remyelination of axons following a thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI). Previously, SCs in semi-permeable guidance channels made of polyacrylonitrile and polyvinylchloride (PAN/PVC) copolymers were shown to promote the growth of axons into the graft environment. In Chapter 3, we test whether different PAN/PVC mini-channel geometries affects axonal regeneration, we compared three types of channels, i.e. channels with smooth inner wall, channels with grooved inner wall, and channels filled with filaments using this model. Our results showed that grooving of the channel inner wall along the axis of the channel resulted in a significantly higher number (730.66±252.76) of myelinated axons at the channel mid-point, compared to the channels with smooth inner wall (539.4±287.63; p \u3c 0.01), indicating an enhancement of axonal regeneration when grooves are provided within the channel. In contrast, channels filled with filaments had a significantly lower number of myelinated axons (163.54±76.04) than both the grooved and smooth inner wall channels (p \u3c 0.001), indicating that densely-packed filaments prohibited axonal growth into the channel. This type of channels may need to be modified to incorporate growth-promoting molecules on filament surface and/or decrease the number of filaments inside the channel to provide attractiveness and/or space for more axons to grow. We conclude that the use of channels with grooved inner wall, combination with seeded SCs, is more suitable for axonal regeneration and myelination following SCI than the other two channel types. This combination can be used in further studies with the addition of regeneration enhancing factors such as neurotrophins. In Chapter 4, we examined axonal regeneration following transplantation of PAN/PVC mini-channel seeded with SCs that were infected with 3 viral vectors, i.e. retroviral, adenoviral, and lentiviral vectors. Although, animals in LZRS-DI5A SCs group had a significantly lower number of myelinated axons compared to lentiD15A group they showed significant improvement in grid walking test. We conclude that different patterns of transgene expression may enhance regeneration and myelination of different populations of regenerating axons following thoracic SCI. In conclusion, combination strategies for SCI using different transgene expression patterns and different channel inner wall geometry enhance axonal regeneration and myelination. Functional recovery however, may be the result of reorganization of spinal cord circuitry rather than successful axonal regeneration

Semantic Framing of NATIONALISM in the National Anthems of Egypt and England

L

Crosstalk and the Dynamical Modularity of Feed-Forward Loops in Transcriptional Regulatory Networks

Network motifs, such as the feed-forward loop (FFL), introduce a range of complex behaviors to transcriptional regulatory networks, yet such properties are typically determined from their isolated study. We characterize the effects of crosstalk on FFL dynamics by modeling the cross regulation between two different FFLs and evaluate the extent to which these patterns occur in vivo. Analytical modeling suggests that crosstalk should overwhelmingly affect individual protein-expression dynamics. Counter to this expectation we find that entire FFLs are more likely than expected to resist the effects of crosstalk (approximate to 20% for one crosstalk interaction) and remain dynamically modular. The likelihood that cross-linked FFLs are dynamically correlated increases monotonically with additional crosstalk, but is independent of the specific regulation type or connectivity of the interactions. Just one additional regulatory interaction is sufficient to drive the FFL dynamics to a statistically different state. Despite the potential for modularity between sparsely connected network motifs, Escherichia coli (E. coli) appears to favor crosstalk wherein at least one of the cross-linked FFLs remains modular. A gene ontology analysis reveals that stress response processes are significantly overrepresented in the cross-linked motifs found within E. coli. Although the daunting complexity of biological networks affects the dynamical properties of individual network motifs, some resist and remain modular, seemingly insulated from extrinsic perturbations-an intriguing possibility for nature to consistently and reliably provide certain network functionalities wherever the need arise

グルコース変動による酸化ストレスを介した内皮型一酸化窒素合 成酵素機能障害とアスタキサンチンの改善効果

富山大学・富医薬博甲第197号・Lobna Aly Abdelzaher・2016/03/23・★論文非公開★富山大

iPDA: An Integrity-Protecting Private Data Aggregation Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

Data aggregation is an efficient mechanism widely used in wireless sensor networks (WSN) to collect statistics about data of interests. However, the shared-medium nature of communication makes the WSNs are vulnerable to eavesdropping and packet tampering/injection by adversaries. Hence, how to protect data privacy and data integrity are two major challenges for data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we present iPDA??????an integrity-protecting private data aggregation scheme. In iPDA, data privacy is achieved through data slicing and assembling technique; and data integrity is achieved through redundancy by constructing disjoint aggregation paths/trees to collect data of interests. In iPDA, the data integrity-protection and data privacy-preservation mechanisms work synergistically. We evaluate the iPDA scheme in terms of the efficacy of privacy preservation, communication overhead, and data aggregation accuracy, comparing with a typical data aggregation scheme--- TAG, where no integrity protection and privacy preservation is provided. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that iPDA achieves the design goals while still maintains the efficiency of data aggregation

Object-oriented simulation of preemptive feedback process schedulers

Based on recent research, very simple discrete-time control structures can be used to synthesise preemptive process schedulers for multitasking systems within a rigorous system-theoretical formalism. Doing so virtually eliminates any heuristics, and allows for a methodologically grounded analysis and assessment of the achieved performances. This paper introduces a Modelica library for the above purpose, at present still under development, and illustrates its use with some tests