Where are the roots of school quality? An answer to Hermann Lange

In Heft 2/99 hatte Hermann Lange als hoher Repräsentant der Kultusministerkonferenz für eine "empirische Wende" im Umgang mit der Qualitätssicherung plädiert. - Dem gegenüber wird hier betont und an konkreten Beispielen aus der Praxis belegt, dass Lern- und Bildungsprozesse zu komplex und zu schwierig sind, um sie allein mit quantitativen Verfahren angemessen erfassen zu können. Wer die Leistungen von Schülerinnen und Schülern verstehen und wirksam fördern will, muss mit entsprechenden Untersuchungen dort ansetzen, wo diese entstehen. (DIPF/Orig.)In number 2/1999, Hermann Lange, as high representative of the conference of ministers for public worship and education pleaded for an "empirical turn" in quality assessment. - In opposition to this view, the complexity and specific difficulties of learning processes are emphasized and illustrated with concrete examples demonstrating that learning processes cannot be studied by quantitative methods. The quality of schools can be (better) furthered, when qualitative studies are used to elucidate the achievement of students as a process. (DIPF/Orig.

Europäische Integration aus historischer Erfahrung. Ein Zeitzeugengespräch mit Michael Gehler = European Integration as historical experience. A Discussion with Michael Gehler. ZEI Discussion Paper: 2002, C 108

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Method of analysis the main probability‐time characteristics of the computing system architectures using analytical modeling

В статье рассматриваются вопросы создания аналитических моделей высокопроизводительных вычислительных систем на основе одноядерных и многоядерных процессоров с помощью аппарата стохастических сетей массового обслуживания. Проводится краткий обзор технологии многоядерных процессоровThe article deals with the issues of creating analytical models of high‐performance computing systems based on single‐core and multi‐core processes using stochastic queueing networks. A brief review of multi‐core processor technology is carried out

The New Political Economy of EU State Aid Policy

Despite its importance and singularity, the EU’s state aid policy has attracted less scholarly attention than other elements of EU competition policy. Introducing the themes addressed by the special issue, this article briefly reviews the development of EU policy and highlights why the control of state aid matters. The Commission’s response to the current economic crisis notably in banking and the car industry is a key concern, but the interests of the special issue go far beyond. They include: the role of the European Commission in the development of EU policy, the politics of state aid, and a clash between models of capitalism. The special issue also examines the impact of EU policy. It investigates how EU state aid decisions affect not only industrial policy at the national level (and therefore at the EU level), but the welfare state and territorial relations within federal member states, the external implications of EU action and the strategies pursued by the Commission to limit any potential disadvantage to European firms, and the conflict between the EU’s expanding legal order and national