Circulation of Coronavirus Images: Helping Social Distancing?

soon as the SARS‐Cov2 disease was recognized by experts to potentially cause a serious pandemic, a three dimensional diagrammatic image of the virus, colored in strong red, conquered public media globally.This study confronts this iconic virus image with a historic image analysis of 33,000 biomedical articles on coronaviruses published between 1968–2020 and interviews with some of their authors.Only a small fraction of scientific virus publications entail images of the complete virus. Red as an alarm color is not used at all by scientists who don't aim for a non‐scientific public.Circulation in this case concerns the movement of iconic images from a scientific context into a general public. On the basis of hps‐studies on scientific diagrams and especially on color use in scientific diagrams to convey specific messages in public, the paper discusses the role of the claim of public corona‐virus diagram as “scientific.”It points at relevant differences between most frequent scientific corona‐virus images and the diagrammatic image used in public. Both author‐ and readerships (in science and public) follow contrasting aims and values. Thus, the images meet non‐expert readers for whom the images entail very different – and potentially unintended – meanings then to virus experts.Peer Reviewe

Seriously, What Did One Robot Say to the Other? Being Left out From Communication by Robots Causes Feelings of Social Exclusion

While humans actually need some overt communication channel to transmit information, be it verbally or nonverbally, robots could use their network connection to transmit information quickly to other robots. This raises the question how this covert robot-robot communication is perceived by humans. The current study investigates how transparency about communication happening between two robots affects humans’ trust in and perception of these robots as well as their feeling of being included/excluded in the interaction. Three different robot-robot communication styles were analyzed: silent, robotic language, and natural language. Results show that when robots transmit information in a robotic language (beep sounds) this leads to lower trust and more feelings of social exclusion than in the silent (i.e., covert) or natural language conditions. Results support the notion that humans are over-sensitive to signs of ostracism which seems to be detected in this style of overt but nonhuman robot-robot communication

Generation of millijoule few-cycle pulses at 5 μm by indirect spectral shaping of the idler in an optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier

Spectral pulse shaping in a high-intensity midwave-infrared (MWIR) optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier (OPCPA) operating at 1 kHz repetition rate is reported. We successfully apply a MWIR spatial light modulator (SLM) for the generation of ultrashort idler pulses at 5 μm wavelength. Only bulk optics and active phase control of the 3.5 μm signal pulses via the SLM are employed for generating compressed idler pulses with a duration of 80 fs. The 80-fs pulse duration corresponds to less than five optical cycles at the central wavelength of 5.0 μm. The pulse energy amounts to 1.0 mJ, which translates into a peak power of 10 GW. The generated pulse parameters represent record values for high-intensity MWIR OPCPAs

Ein Wort vom Zweiherrndienste

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2169064~S1*es

Die Nordische Post im Lichte der Kollektiv-Erklärung der Ritterschaften Livland's, Ehstland's, Kurland's und Oesel's, oder, Ein Nordisches Soll und Haben

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4102645*es

Die Lossprechung von der Instanz und ihr letzter Ritter : Keine Defensionsschrift : [Supplementheft zum IV. Bande der theoretisch-practischen Erörterungen aus den in Liv-, Ehst- und Curland geltenden Rechten]

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1627895~S1*es

Der deutsch-russische Konflikt an der Ostsee : Zukünftiges, geschaut im Bilde der Vergangenheit und der Gegenwart

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1409782~S1*es

Evangelische Allianz und Russische Diplomatie : ein Beitrag zur neuesten Geschichte Beider, zugleich auch zur Geschichte der Baltischen Landvolksschule, insbesondere aber zur Charakteristik des Kaiserlichen Russischen Reichskanzlers Fürsten Gortschakow

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2169025~S1*es

The mechanical behavior of model-scale ice: experiments, numerical modeling and scalability

Increasing levels of transportation and exploratory activities in the High North increase the significance of ice-capable ship designs, and the demand for them. This demand covers a wide range of ship types; such as tugs, vessels for search and rescue (SAR), patrol boats, military vessels, cruise ships, and merchant ships. Both the economically driven preference for operations in the Arctic over operations in a warmer climate, and the safety of the operations, require adequate performance prediction methods. The capability of model-scale ice and its availability and advantages in handling compared to sea ice spurred to the decision to investigate its material behavior to develop a numerical model. This model serves as a corner-stone towards a numerical ice tank and provides insight into the mechanical behavior of model-scale ice. Therefore, systematic ice property tests were conducted with the model-scale ice of Aalto University to define the material behavior. The model-scale ice is fine grained (FG) and doped with ethanol to artificially weaken the material. The experiments investigate the behavior until failure in tension, compression and bending. Furthermore, the elastic modulus is determined by ice sheet deflection experiments and the grain-size is measured. The stress plane that is investigated is orthogonal to the vertical (thickness) coordinate and is the same as the one in which stresses occur when ships interact with ice. On the basis of the experiments, the mechanics and the constitution of the model-scale ice are investigated to define a suitable material model and its parameters. It was found that a damage based elasto-plastic material model represents the behavior of the Aalto model-scale ice well. The numerical model accounts explicitly for flaws in the model-scale ice, comprised of voids filled with liquid and air, which are randomly distributed. It is found that the random distribution of flaws enables the reproduction of the variation in experimentally observed failure patterns and affects the response forces. Furthermore, the cantilever beam bending experiments and their simulation reveal that the gradual change of ice properties over thickness has to be modeled to represent the experimentally measured axial stiffness and flexural stiffness in the same model. Ultimately, the model-scale ice is demonstrated to be a functionally graded material which is capable of representing tensile, compressive and flexural failure modes.Additionally, the development of the numerical model of the Aalto model-scale ice provides a deeper insight into its mechanical deformation processes. The material behavior that is found reveals that Cauchy similitude in scaling cannot be applied, because the model-scale ice of Aalto University is on micro scale not a purely elastic material. Consequently, model-scale ice consumes more energy prior to bending failure than a material complying Cauchy similitude

Etwas über Land-Magazine überhaupt und die Liefländischen insbesondere. Pernau, gedruckt bei Gotthardt Marquardt 1813.

http://www.ester.ee/record=b1743442*es