Les mots français en -eur (-euse) / -aire en anglais contemporain : emprunt et création lexicale.

International audienceFrench words ending in-eur (-euse) and-aire in contemporary english : borrowing and word-formation The process of borrowing from French to English represents a major step in the constitution of the English lexicon. Our study focuses specifically on words ending in-eur,-euse and-aire. A brief historical outlook of this phenomenon reveals that the resort to French words is linked to the geopolitical situation of the country. The creation of a representative corpus of analysis (210 words ending in-eur and-euse, and 87 ending in-aire) implies taking parameters such as source or contemporaneousness into account. It turns out that most of these items are directly borrowed from French. Nevertheless, we can observe an activity of lexical creativity in contemporary English, which is confined to specific parts of the lexicon. The attested germanic suffixes-er,-or and-ary are indeed much more productive in English. The suffixes-eur,-euse and-aire are only active in English in semantic domains which are highly specific:-eur is attested in blends related to the emergence of new technologies (netpreneur, technopreneur), whereas-aire is productive among blends referring to the notion of "millionaire" (squillionaire, zillionaire). Contemporary English attributes a morphological status to these three suffixes of French origin, but use them mainly in the formation of blends. A phonological viewpoint associated with a frequency data analysis enables to bring forth a different perspective on these issues. The opacification of the etymological relations of the source language does not systematically trigger an integration of the phonological characteristics of the target language. Indeed, the lexical creations at stake, despite showing an integration of the morphological processes of English as well as a relevant usage frequency, maintain a demarcative final stress, representative of the French language.Le processus d'emprunt au français en anglais représente un phénomène majeur de l'histoire de la constitution du stock lexical anglais. Notre étude est centrée spécifiquement sur les termes qui se terminent en-eur (-euse) /-aire. Un aperçu historique du phénomène montre que le recours à l'emprunt au français est directement lié à la situation géopolitique du pays. L'élaboration d'un corpus d'analyse représentatif (210 mots en-eur et-euse, et 87 en-aire) suppose la prise en compte de paramètres tels que la source considérée ou encore la contemporanéité de l'item. Il s'avère que la plupart de ces termes sont des emprunts directs au français. Néanmoins, nous observons en anglais contemporain un processus localisé de création lexicale, mineur en raison de la concurrence des suffixes d'origine germanique-er,-or et-ary. Les suffixes-eur (-euse) et-aire sont uniquement productifs en anglais dans des domaines sémantiques spécifiques :-eur apparaît dans des formations amalgamées relatives au domaine de l'entreprise (netrepreneur, technopreneur), tandis que-aire forme des substantifs englobant la notion de «millionaire» (squillionaire, zillionaire). L'anglais contemporain reconnaît l'existence morphologique de ces trois suffixes français, mais les utilise davantage au sein de formations amalgamées. Le recours à la phonologie et à une analyse fréquentielle apporte un éclairage sur ces problèmes lexicologiques. L'opacification des relations étymologiques de la langue source n'entraîne pas nécessairement une intégration des caractéristiques phonologiques de la langue cible. Les créations lexicales conservent en majorité une accentuation démarcative finale, typique du français, malgré une intégration des caractéristiques lexicographiques de l'anglais et une fréquence d'utilisation non négligeable

Stress in Prefixed Disyllabic Verb/Noun Pairs

International audienceSummary of stress variation, data consistency between dictionaries, and detailed analysis of two parameters: frequency (from COCAE data) and vowel quality (full and/or reduced vowe

Cognitive behavioural therapy with optional graded exercise therapy in patients with severe fatigue with myotonic dystrophy type 1:a multicentre, single-blind, randomised trial

Background: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is the most common form of muscular dystrophy in adults and leads to severe fatigue, substantial physical functional impairment, and restricted social participation. In this study, we aimed to determine whether cognitive behavioural therapy optionally combined with graded exercise compared with standard care alone improved the health status of patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1. Methods: We did a multicentre, single-blind, randomised trial, at four neuromuscular referral centres with experience in treating patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 located in Paris (France), Munich (Germany), Nijmegen (Netherlands), and Newcastle (UK). Eligible participants were patients aged 18 years and older with a confirmed genetic diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy type 1, who were severely fatigued (ie, a score of ≥35 on the checklist-individual strength, subscale fatigue). We randomly assigned participants (1:1) to either cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care and optional graded exercise or standard care alone. Randomisation was done via a central web-based system, stratified by study site. Cognitive behavioural therapy focused on addressing reduced patient initiative, increasing physical activity, optimising social interaction, regulating sleep–wake patterns, coping with pain, and addressing beliefs about fatigue and myotonic dystrophy type 1. Cognitive behavioural therapy was delivered over a 10-month period in 10–14 sessions. A graded exercise module could be added to cognitive behavioural therapy in Nijmegen and Newcastle. The primary outcome was the 10-month change from baseline in scores on the DM1-Activ-c scale, a measure of capacity for activity and social participation (score range 0–100). Statistical analysis of the primary outcome included all participants for whom data were available, using mixed-effects linear regression models with baseline scores as a covariate. Safety data were presented as descriptives. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02118779. Findings: Between April 2, 2014, and May 29, 2015, we randomly assigned 255 patients to treatment: 128 to cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care and 127 to standard care alone. 33 (26%) of 128 assigned to cognitive behavioural therapy also received the graded exercise module. Follow-up continued until Oct 17, 2016. The DM1-Activ-c score increased from a mean (SD) of 61·22 (17·35) points at baseline to 63·92 (17·41) at month 10 in the cognitive behavioural therapy group (adjusted mean difference 1·53, 95% CI −0·14 to 3·20), and decreased from 63·00 (17·35) to 60·79 (18·49) in the standard care group (−2·02, −4·02 to −0·01), with a mean difference between groups of 3·27 points (95% CI 0·93 to 5·62, p=0·007). 244 adverse events occurred in 65 (51%) patients in the cognitive behavioural therapy group and 155 in 63 (50%) patients in the standard care alone group, the most common of which were falls (155 events in 40 [31%] patients in the cognitive behavioural therapy group and 71 in 33 [26%] patients in the standard care alone group). 24 serious adverse events were recorded in 19 (15%) patients in the cognitive behavioural therapy group and 23 in 15 (12%) patients in the standard care alone group, the most common of which were gastrointestinal and cardiac. Interpretation: Cognitive behavioural therapy increased the capacity for activity and social participation in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 at 10 months. With no curative treatment and few symptomatic treatments, cognitive behavioural therapy could be considered for use in severely fatigued patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1. Funding: The European Union Seventh Framework Programme

Stress in Japanese Loanwords in English: Faithfulness or Adaptation?

International audienceCONTEXT AND AIMS • Hundreds of Japanese loanwords in everyday English with a borrowing process particularly significant in the 20 th century. • Background: Analysis within the morphophonological framework initiated by Lionel Guierre in the 70's, which aims at uncovering rules for stress placement for unaccounted parts of the English vocabulary. • Aim: Survey of word stress patterns of Japanese loanwords in contemporary English, especially primary stress (/1/). • Issues: Does English borrow from both the lexicon and the phonological structure of the source language? Does the location of the stressed syllable of the English item correspond to that of the accented syllable in the original Japanese word? (see similar studies based on Italian loanwords in 2012)

Stress in Japanese Loanwords in English: Faithfulness or Adaptation?

International audienceCONTEXT AND AIMS • Hundreds of Japanese loanwords in everyday English with a borrowing process particularly significant in the 20 th century. • Background: Analysis within the morphophonological framework initiated by Lionel Guierre in the 70's, which aims at uncovering rules for stress placement for unaccounted parts of the English vocabulary. • Aim: Survey of word stress patterns of Japanese loanwords in contemporary English, especially primary stress (/1/). • Issues: Does English borrow from both the lexicon and the phonological structure of the source language? Does the location of the stressed syllable of the English item correspond to that of the accented syllable in the original Japanese word? (see similar studies based on Italian loanwords in 2012)

L'allaitement maternel au masculin

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

The initial resource-performance relationship in new ventures: Towards a configurational approach

We investigate the intitial resource-performance relationship in start-ups from a configurational perspective. We rely on resource-based and industrial organization literature to develop an integrated vieuw on determinants of competitive advantage. We subsequently identify ideal configurations of initial resources, strategy and environment by means of a decision tree analysis on a sample of 218 start-ups. Results show that (1) competitive advantage is determined by resource bundles rather than single resources, (2) multiple ways exist to reach a competitive advantage (equifiniality), (3) both universalistic bundles and bundles contingent upon the environment exist, and (4) organizational and human capital are important initial resources.Conference paper: http://www.swinburne.edu.au/lib/ir/onlineconferences/agse2010/000034.pdfstatus: publishe

Identifying financially successful start-up profiles with data mining

Start-ups are crucial in the modern economy as they provide dynamism and growth. Research on the performance of new ventures increasingly investigates initial resources as determinants of success. Initial resources are said to be important because they imprint the firm at start-up, limit its strategic choices, and continue to impact its performance in the long run. The purpose of this paper is to identify configurations of initial resource bundles, strategy and environment that lead to superior performance in start-ups. To date, interdependencies between resources on the one hand and between resources, strategy and environment on the other hand have been neglected in empirical research. We rely on data mining for the analysis because it accounts for premises of configurational theory, including reversed causality, intradimensional interactions, multidimensional dependencies, and equifinality. We apply advanced data mining techniques, in the form of rule extraction from non-linear support vector machines, to induce accurate and comprehensible configurations of resource bundles, strategy and environment. We base our analysis on an extensive survey among 218 Flemish start-ups. Our experiments indicate the good performance of rule extraction technique ALBA. Finally, for comprehensibility, intuitiveness and implementation reasons, the tree is transformed into a decision table.<br/