Sendinggeskiedenis en kerkgeskiedenis

Sendinggeskiedenis is benewens Sendingteorie en Elenktiek die derde onder- soekgebied van die jong teologiese dissipline: Missiologie. Karel Graul het al in 1864 daarop gewys dat die sendinggeskiedenis tot die teorie van die sending behoort net soos die geskiedenis van die onderwys tot die opvoed- kunde behoort

Efficacy of teachers in a number of selected schools in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa

No Abstract Available South African Journal of Education Vol.25(1) 2005: 38-4

Rasberry Pi and BeagleBones : evaluating a cost effective GPS system for on‐mine navigation

Abstract: The South African Mine Health and Safety Act (MHSA) requires the mine surveyor to inform the manager of all workings within 100 metres of other workings, abandoned areas and hazardous accumulations of water or gas. The main purpose of this requirement is to ensure that all employees are aware and can take all the necessary precautions against un‐planned breakthroughs, falls of ground and subsidence. In the case where mines are mining through abandoned workings in order to remove remnant pillars and previously unmined reserves, the potential for subsidence and equipment falling into excavated areas become a reality. A single incident where a machine falls into a collapsed working can amount to in excess of R1 million per incident, excluding the risk of loss of life or serious injury. An unplanned collapse of workings in the specific case study can also lead to sufficient air flow into the old underground to cause spontaneous combustion of the remaining pillars. Although systems for navigation of drill rigs exist the cost to deploy a similar unit to all vehicles in the mining area is prohibitive. A low‐cost system that can navigate a vehicle and indicate to the operator what the subsurface features look like in the direct surroundings of the vehicle was developed using off‐the‐shelf technologies. This paper discusses the process of developing a lowcost navigation system towards a real time information management system for a mining operation. Benefits from this system may be applied in underground navigation and guiding rescue services in the search of illegal miners in abandoned mines

Important complications of chronic kidney disease

The complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are dyslipidaemia, hyperkalaemia, metabolic acidosis, anaemia, and bone and mineral disorders. Dyslipidaemia may be treated with low-density lipoprotein lowering agents. Statins are ineffective in stages 4 and 5 CKD, but are indicated for preventing the progression of disease in the earlier stages. Chronic acidosis has recently been shown to be a risk factor in the progression of CKD renal dysfunction. Therefore, treatment is mandatory. Practically, this should  consist of 1 - 2 heaped teaspoons of sodium bicarbonate 2 - 3 times per day, which is an inexpensive and safe therapy that does not raise the blood pressure in spite of the increased sodium level. Target levels of haemoglobin, according to international guidelines, are between 10 g/dL and 12 g/dL. The serum phosphate level is raised in stage 4 CKD, and especially in stage 5 CKD, which is associated with coronary carotid and other vascular calcifications and may result in ischaemic heart disease, myocardial infarction and stroke. A raised parathyroid hormone level (secondary hyperparathyroidism) is also a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is associated with increased hypertension and resistance to the treatment of CKD-associated anaemia

Important causes of chronic kidney disease in South Africa

In hypertensive patients without chronic kidney disease (CKD) the goal is to keep blood pressure (BP) at ≤140/90 mmHg. When CKD is present, especially where there is proteinuria of ≥0.5 g/day, the goal is a BP of ≤130/80 mmHg. Lifestyle measures are mandatory, especially limitation of salt intake, ingestion of adequate quantities of potassium, and weight control. Patients with stages 4 - 5 CKD must be carefully monitored for hyperkalaemia and deteriorating kidney function if angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are used, especially in patients >60 years of age with diabetes or atherosclerosis. BP should be regularly monitored and, where possible, home BP-measuring devices are recommended for optimal control.Guidelines on the use of antidiabetic agents in CKD are presented, with the warning that metformin is contraindicated in patients with stages 4 - 5 CKD.There is a wide clinical spectrum of renal disease in the course of HIV infection, including acute kidney injury, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances, HIV-associated glomerular disease, acute-on-chronic renal disease and side-effects related to the treatment of HIV

Endovascular treatment of intractable epistaxis - results of a 4-year local audit

Objective. Transcatheter embolisation is an accepted and effective treatment for intractable epistaxis. We analysed our success and complication rates and compared these with results from other published series.Design. Retrospective review.Setting. Unitas Interventional Unit, Centurion.Methods. Case record review (57 procedures) and telephonic interviews (36 traceable respondents).Outcome measures. A numerical audit of the success and complication rates for embolisation procedures performed during the 4-year period between July 1999 and June 2003.Results. A total of 57 endovascular embolisation procedures were performed for intractable epistaxis in 51 patients during this period. Eight patients (15.7%) developed a re-bleed between 1 and 33 days after embolisation of whom 5 were re- embolised, giving a primary short-term success rate of 86.3% and secondary assisted success rate of 94.1%. Thirty-five of 36 respondents {97.2%) reported no further epistaxis during the long-term follow-up period of 1-47months. The mortality rate was 0%, the major morbidity rate was 2% (l stroke) and the minor morbidity rate was 25%.Conclusion. Our Success and complication rates are acceptable and compare favourably with those reported in other large series

Marine heatwaves exceed cardiac thermal limits of adult sparid fish (Diplodus capensis, Smith 1884)

Climate change not only drives increases in global mean ocean temperatures, but also in the intensity and duration of marine heatwaves (MHWs), with potentially deleterious effects on local fishes. A first step to assess the vulnerability of fishes to MHWs is to quantify their upper thermal thresholds and contrast these limits against current and future ocean temperatures during such heating events. Heart failure is considered a primary mechanism governing the upper thermal limits of fishes and begins to occur at temperatures where heart rate fails to keep pace with thermal dependency of reaction rates. This point is identified by estimating the Arrhenius breakpoint temperature (TAB), which is the temperature where maximum heart rate (fHmax) first deviates from its exponential increase with temperature and the incremental Q10 breakpoint temperature (TQB), which is where the Q10 temperature coefficient (relative change in heart rate for a 10◦C increase in temperature) for fHmax abruptly decreases during acute warming. Here we determined TAB, TQB and the temperature that causes cardiac arrhythmia (TARR) in adults of the marine sparid, Diplodus capensis, using an established technique. Using these thermal indices results, we further estimated adult D. capensis vulnerability to contemporary MHWs and increases in ocean temperatures along the warm-temperate south-east coast of South Africa. For the established technique, we stimulated fHmax with atropine and isoproterenol and used internal heart rate loggers to measure fHmax under conditions of acute warming in the laboratory. We estimated average TAB, TQB, and TARR values of 20.8◦C, 21.0◦C, and 28.3◦C. These findings indicate that the physiology of D. capensis will be progressively compromised when temperatures exceed 21.0◦C up to a thermal end-point of 28.3◦C. Recent MHWs along the warm-temperate south-east coast, furthermore, are already occurring within the TARR threshold (26.6–30.0◦C) for cardiac function in adult D. capensis, suggesting that this species may already be physiologically compromised by MHWs. Predicted increases in mean ocean temperatures of a conservative 2.0◦C, may further result in adult D. capensis experiencing more frequent MHWs as well as a contraction of the northern range limit of this species as mean summer temperatures exceed the average TARR of 28.3◦C.National Research Foundation (NRF) Research Development Grants for y-rated researchers: 93382; NRF Extension Doctoral Scholarship 95092, 111071info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

On the Identification of High Mass Star Forming Regions using IRAS: Contamination by Low-Mass Protostars

We present the results of a survey of a small sample (14) of low-mass protostars (L_IR < 10^3 Lsun) for 6.7 GHz methanol maser emission performed using the ATNF Parkes radio telescope. No new masers were discovered. We find that the lower luminosity limit for maser emission is near 10^3 Lsun, by comparison of the sources in our sample with previously detected methanol maser sources. We examine the IRAS properties of our sample and compare them with sources previously observed for methanol maser emission, almost all of which satisfy the Wood & Churchwell criterion for selecting candidate UCHII regions. We find that about half of our sample satisfy this criterion, and in addition almost all of this subgroup have integrated fluxes between 25 and 60 microns that are similar to sources with detectable methanol maser emission. By identifying a number of low-mass protostars in this work and from the literature that satisfy the Wood & Churchwell criterion for candidate UCHII regions, we show conclusively for the first time that the fainter flux end of their sample is contaminated by lower-mass non-ionizing sources, confirming the suggestion by van der Walt and Ramesh & Sridharan.Comment: 8 pages with 2 figures. Accepted by Ap