Social mindfulness

Lange, P.A.M. van [Promotor]Prooijen, J.W. van [Copromotor]Tybur, J.M. [Copromotor

Evidence-based recommendations for the use of WBC-reduced cellular blood components

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72881/1/j.1537-2995.2001.41101310.x.pd

The competitive advantage of European nations

This article uses as its starting point Michael Porter's model of the national ‘diamond’ to explain the role of the national environment in the competitive position of industries and firms. The authors believe, however, that the influence of national culture on the competitive advantage of nations is given too little attention in this model. In particular, strong or weak uncertainty avoidance behaviour in nations and their masculine/feminine characteristics are neglected. The national diamond rests on the base of national culture, and the latter is exogenous to the firm. In a European context, managing the different diamonds that exist itself generates competitive advantage

Strategic exploitation by higher-status people incurs harsher third-party punishment

It is widely documented that third parties punish norm violations, even at a substantial cost to themselves. However, little is known about how third-party punishment occurs in groups consisting of members who differ in status. Having a higher-status member promotes norm enforcement and group efficiency but also poses threats to collective goods when they strategically exploit people’s trust to maximize self-interest. Two preregistered studies consistently revealed a punitive mechanism contingent on target status and strategic exploitation. Third-party observers generated harsher punishment when high- but not low-status targets transgressed after publicly endorsing cooperation (Study 1) or procedural fairness (Study 2). The findings elucidate third-party punishment as a feasible mechanism to counteract exploitation and maintain social norms in interactions with status asymmetry

Lietuvos gyventojų polinkis kliautis sąmokslo teorijomis

This  article analyses the statistical validity of popular explanations for peoples‘s tendency to rely on conspiracy theories in Lithuanian public discourse. The paper discovers that out of four most popular explanations, belief in paranormal phenomena and determinist thinking have the strongest correlation. The evaluation of one‘s own perceived financial wellbeing also proves significance. Meanwhile, education, political knowledge and actual income level either correlate with tendency to rely on conspiratorial thinking sporadically or does not correlate at all. The study is based on a representative survey, conducted in Lithuania, in late 2021, and seeks to delineate the initial outlines for further research on the case of Lithuania, which has been only scarcely explored.Straipsnyje analizuojamas populiariausių idėjų Lietuvos viešajame diskurse, aiškinančių informacinio pažeidžiamumo priežastingumą, pagrįstumas. Informacinis pažeidžiamumas čia siejamas su asmens polinkiu kliautis sąmokslo teorijomis. Nustatoma, jog iš keturių deklaruojamų veiksnių stipriausias sąsajas su informaciniu pažeidžiamumu turi tikėjimas paranormaliais reiškiniais ir deterministinis mąstymas. Taip pat reikšmingas yra savo paties socialinės atskirties vertinimas. Tuo tarpu išsilavinimas, politinės žinios ir pajamų lygis su informaciniu pažeidžiamumu koreliuoja sporadiškai arba iš viso nekoreliuoja. Tyrimas remiasi reprezentatyvia 2021m. pabaigoje atlikta gyventojų apklausa

Out-group exploitation through depersonalization in a prisoner\u27s dilemma game

The experiment examined how salience of out-group membership affects an individual\u27s tendency to financially exploit an out-group member in a prisoner\u27s dilemma (PD) game and a monetary bonus allocation task. It also examined the role of depersonalization of self and others. Half of the research participants played a PD game to win money with an imaginary opponent, who had a foreign accent, and the other half did with an opponent, who spoke fluent English. A salient indication of out-group membership was present in the former (accent) condition, and it was absent in the latter (control). Participants were also asked to allocate bonus money between the opponent and themselves. It was expected that: 1) participants in the accent condition would be more likely to depersonalize self and others than participants in the control condition; and 2) that participants who showed a higher level of depersonalization would make more competitive responses in the PD game and allocate more money to themselves than those who showed a lower level of depersonalization. The results confirmed the first hypothesis, but only a part of the second hypothesis. The level of depersonalization of self and others predicted the nature of the PD game responses, but not bonus money allocation. Unexpectedly, when the effect of depersonalization was collapsed, the presence of the accent produced a higher level of cooperation in the PD game

Do as the Romans do: On the authoritarian roots of pseudoscience

Recent research highlights the implications of group dynamics in the acceptance and promotion of misconceptions, particularly in relation to the identity-protective attitudes that boost polarisation over scientific information. In this study, we successfully test a mediational model between right-wing authoritarianism and pseudoscientific beliefs. First, we carry out a comprehensive literature review on the socio-political background of pseudoscientific beliefs. Second, we conduct two studies (n=1189 and n=1097) to confirm our working hypotheses: H1 – intercorrelation between pseudoscientific beliefs, authoritarianism and three axioms (reward for application, religiosity and fate control); H2 – authoritarianism and social axioms fully explain rightists’ proneness to pseudoscience; and H3 – the association between pseudoscience and authoritarianism is partially mediated by social axioms. Finally, we discuss our results in relation to their external validity regarding paranormal and conspiracy beliefs, as well as to their implications for group polarisation and science communication