N-{4-[(3-Methyl­phen­yl)sulfamo­yl]phen­yl}benzamide

In the title compound, C20H18N2O3S, the dihedral angle between the central benzene ring and the amide group is 24.1 (3)° and that between this ring and the aromatic ring of the tolyl group is 68.2 (16)°. In the crystal, adjacent mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a linear chain running along [100]. Weak C—H⋯O contacts also occur. Extensive weak π–π inter­actions exist from both face-to-face and face-to-edge inter­actions occur between the aromatic rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.612 (2) and 4.843 (2) Å]

IS JHRM Style Can Be Effectively Implemented In Developing Nations of ASIA (The Case of five Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Nepal, Vietnam,)

In this research work Impact of JHRM Japanese Human recourse Management practices were trying to implement on different countries among developing nation in Asian continent. The countries for this research study were Pakistan, Afghanistan .Nepal, Vietnam, and Bangladesh. The reason for selecting these countries among Asian continent is because of their response rate, information in hand from different sources, and most importantly their ranking among developing nation as well as their importance to international community. As all of the above mention countries facing serious threat on its national as well as international front in order to solve these problem we are trying to evaluate the importance of HR from Japanese prospective as the same circumstances were there before WWII but when there concentrate on their HR Japanese become the leading country for other nations. For this purpose we select 20 firms from each countries and data was collected through published material as well as their HDI and HR departments. In order to get more comprehensive data .A well designed questioners was sent to respective department via email. The main concept was derived from (JSM) and it is implemented to all the above mention countries.Chai square test was used for testing the hypothesis. The result shows different attributes after analyzing the data in all of the above mention countries. As in case of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh the major problems in order to implement these JHRM practices  was bureaucratic nature of government, centralized government, top to down decision making style, and institutiolized corruption are the major problem in way of implanting JHRM style. While in case of Vietnam, Bangladesh when JHRM important feature regarding Quality was investigated the results shows that although there is great desire to implement it but the main problem is lack of knowledge and no training & development concept in this regard. Hence from the current research we can conclude that although there is a chance to implement JHRM style in these developing countries but first of all we should removed all the barriers in its effectiveness. Key words; JHRM, Developing nations, Quality, Human Recourse, Asian countries

Impact of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) on Pakistan (The Case of KSE 100 Index)

In this paper the estimated return on stock model i.e. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is employed in order to get information whether it better estimates the return on stock in Pakistani capital market. For this purpose time series monthly data from secondary sources for a period of 2003 to 2007 has been taken.  CAPM were tested for the five sizes and book to market portfolios from Karachi Stock Exchange. Pakistan T-bill rate is taken as risk free rate. However basic problem with (CAPM) was predictive power and Robustness of results. For this purpose capital asset pricing model was applied. Dependent variable portfolio represented by . The excessive return shows the return above that of the risk free rate  that is required by the investor for taking additional risk. While independent variables were market risk premium. Research Findings show that CAPM better estimates the return in Pakistani capital market. In case of CAPM, it was able to show the existence of risk premium as the only factor affecting the stock return. Key Words: CAPM, Market portfolio, KSE, Risk Premiumii

Surgical interventions for renal cell carcinoma with thrombus extending into the inferior vena cava: A multidisciplinary approach

Objective: To assess surgical strategies and the impact of a multidisciplinary approach on patients undergoing inferior vena caval thrombectomy for renal cell carcinoma and to evaluate perioperative morbidity and mortality associated with these procedures. Methodology: A retrospective audit for all adults who underwent nephrectomy and inferior vena caval thrombectomy from January 2008 till November 2018 at a University hospital. Patients with incomplete records were excluded from the study. Results: During the study period, 21 patients underwent inferior vena caval thrombectomy as a completion of radical nephrectomy. Most were males (19 : 2) with a mean age of 54±11.3 years. The most common surgical approach was the 11th rib flank approach (n=8) followed by midline abdominal (n=6) and Mercedes-Benz (n=5). Eight patients had level 1, 10 patients had level 2, and three patients had level 3 tumour thrombus. The cavotomy was closed primarily in 20 patients; one required inferior vena cava (IVC) reconstruction with a pericardial patch. The proximal clamp was applied below the hepatic veins for most patients. Two patients required suprahepatic clamping before thrombectomy. There was no intraoperative mortality. Five patients (24%) developed complications: two required cardiopulmonary resuscitation due to severe hypotension and were revived; one developed acute renal failure; and one patient required a damage control laparotomy for excessive oozing. There was no thirty-day mortality. Conclusion: The IVC thrombectomy, along with radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma for 1-3 level thrombus, can be performed with acceptable morbidity in a multidisciplinary team approach

Pakistan-India Relations: Peace through Bilateral Trade

The idea behind this study is to identify the importance of trade in Pak-India peace process. This study emphases that trade is instrumental in achieving and maintaining peace and stability in the Indian subcontinent.  Economic interdependence promotes peace and mutual economic benefits preclude war between nations and this concept has been argued in the paper. Furthermore, considering Pakistan-India trade relations; barriers to bilateral trade; current trade volume; measures needed to be adopted for improving bilateral trade and its role in Indo-Pak peace negotiations, territorial and border disputes and peace settlement have been analyzed. It is, therefore, concluded that trade can play a soft and positive role in conflict resolution between the two long standing adversaries. Key Words: Trade Relations, Peace Process, Economic Factors, Most Favored Nation Status, Bilateral Ties

DOES CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MATTER FOR ASSET QUALITY OF ISLAMIC BANKS?

This study investigates the impact of corporate governance on asset quality of Islamic banks by employing data on 129 Islamic banks from 29 countries spanning the period from 2008 to 2017. The study shows that asset quality of Islamic banks is positively and significantly sensitive to an increase in board independence, Shariah board, and audit committee effectiveness. The study finds that female participation in management as CEOs seems to detract from good performance and that more board meetings can be harnessed to improve banks’ asset quality. These empirical findings have practical policy implications regarding asset quality management and board construction within the Islamic banking sector.This study investigates the impact of corporate governance on asset quality of Islamic banks by employing data on 129 Islamic banks from 29 countries spanning the period from 2008 to 2017. The study shows that asset quality of Islamic banks is positively and significantly sensitive to an increase in board independence, Shariah board, and audit committee effectiveness. The study finds that female participation in management as CEOs seems to detract from good performance and that more board meetings can be harnessed to improve banks’ asset quality. These empirical findings have practical policy implications regarding asset quality management and board construction within the Islamic banking sector

PAKISTAN-INDIA RELATIONS: PEACE THROUGH BILATERAL TRADE

The idea behind this study is to identify the importance of trade in Pak-India peace process. This study emphases that trade is instrumental in achieving and maintaining peace and stability in the Indian subcontinent. Economic interdependence promotes peace and mutual economic benefits preclude war between nations and this concept has been argued in the paper. Furthermore, considering Pakistan-India trade relations; barriers to bilateral trade; current trade volume; measures needed to be adopted for improving bilateral trade and its role in Indo-Pak peace negotiations, territorial and border disputes and peace settlement have been analyzed. It is, therefore, concluded that trade can play a soft and positive role in conflict resolution between the two long standing adversaries

WTO, Compulsory Export Licences and Indian Patent Law

A 2005 publication of UNAIDS, AIDS in Africa: Three Scenarios to 2025, contains several moving stories about HIV/AIDS in Africa, describing how the AIDS epidemic in Africa could evolve over the next 20 years.2 The scenarios set out to answer one central question: over the next 20 years, what factors will drive Africa’s and the world’s responses to the AIDS epidemic, and what kind of future will there be for the next generation? Amongst the various aspects of the problem, access to and uptake of AIDS treatment is discussed and highlighted throughout the document. The publication highlights how crucial Indian pharmaceutical exports are for the treatment of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa

The pharmacy of the developing world : India, patent law and access to essential medicines

In a critical evaluation of the influence of the TRIPS Agreement 1994 on India's patent regime, this thesis considers whether India can retain its pre-eminent role as the pharmacy of the developing world. Using Amartya Sen's conception of justice, development as freedom and capability approaches as thematic foundation, I have problematised key domestic and international developments in the area of patent law and access to essential medicines. With the help of original case studies, this work provides an in-depth and thorough analysis of major controversies which are currently dominating the global discourse about patents and access to medicines. The patent saga in India highlights the problem of evergreening in patent law; the tensions between the right to health and the right to property; and the role of international law. The next case study -the Pfizer, Natco controversy - highlights the limitations and shortcomings of the World Trade Organization's rules on compulsory licensing for exports. The Indian experience shows that implementation of the Waiver Decision 2003 is extremely cumbersome and India's domestic regulations have also failed to address this problem. The third case study of this thesis deals with the detention of generic drugs in transit and border enforcement measures, and shows that barriers to access to essential medicine are sometimes operating beyond the limits of patent laws and domestic regulations. In addition to calling for a modernisation of Indian patent law, this thesis also considers new models of medical innovation in the Indian context. It maintains that the ongoing debate in India about the regulation of publicly funded research should be fully informed about the consequences of excessive patenting. India should consider adopting open source drug discovery models by facilitating and participating in patent pools. Two alternatives models of medical innovation - the Health Impact Fund and Prizes - are discussed in the Indian context to show how India can maintain its pre-eminence the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector. This study concludes that a number of multilateral and bilateral initiatives mandating TRIPS-Plus standards have the potential to further compromise India's access to a medicines regime. It is argued that the Indian government should resist entering into any TRIPS-Plus trade agreement, which could limit its ability to manufacture cheap and affordable generic drugs. The World Trade Organization should reconsider the mandate of the Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health 2001 in the light of domestic experiences to provide a readily available and easy to implement export mechanism. The World Health Organization should take a leadership role in promoting and implementing alternative models of medical innovation. The thesis also recommends that the World Intellectual Property Organization needs to substantively implement its Development Agenda in order to promote access to medicines