A study of the relationship between social anxiety, social self-efficacy and body image in the girl students of the Islamic Azad University at Tonekabon Branch

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the social anxiety, social self-efficacy and body image in the girl students of the Islamic Azad University at Tonekabon Branch. The statistical sample is 240 girl students selected by stratified random sampling among 630 girl students who were studying in B.A level of humanities college in the Islamic Azad University at Tonekabon Branch in the academic year of 2012-2013. The tool used in this research consists of: social anxiety scale (Conor et al, 2000), self-efficacy scale for the social situations (Gaudiano and Herbert, 2003) and body image test (Fischer, 1970). The statistical analysis by Pearson correlation and multivariable regression showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between the social anxiety and body image of the girl students while there was a positive and significant relationship between the social self-efficacy and body image of the girl students

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Emotion-focused Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Health locus of Control of Patients with Coronary Heart Patients

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the most important cause of mortality in the world. Inaddition to physical problems, they are also influenced by psychological factors and psychologicaltherapies along with biological therapy can help to improve these patients. The purpose of this studywas to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and emotionfocused therapy (EFT) on Health locus of control of coronary heart patients.Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. Thestatistical population of the study included patients with coronary heart disease in the city of Karaj.Patients were 30 to 60 years old who referred to Shahid Rajaee Hospital in Karaj. Samples wereselected using convenient sampling method and were assigned randomly into two experimental andone control group. Data were collected using health locus of control questionnaire. Data wereanalyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance.Results: outcomes showed that ACT and EFT are effective on adjusting the Health locus of controlin patients with coronary heart disease, and there was a significant difference between theexperimental and control group (F = 7.25, p <0.05).But there was no difference between theefficacy of the two treatments.Conclusion: Psychological therapies such as ACT and EFT increase self-care in cardiac patients byincreasing control and increasing sense of responsibility

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Emotion-focused Therapy on Negative Emotions of Coronary Heart Disease

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the most important cause of mortality in the world. In addition to physical problems, they are also influenced by psychological factors and psychological therapies along with biological therapy can help to improve these patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and emotion-focused therapy on negative emotions of coronary heart disease patients.Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study included patients with coronary heart disease in the city of Karaj The age range was 30 to 60 yearswho referred to Shahid Rajaee Hospital in Karaj. Samples were selected using available sampling method and then the samples were randomly divided into two experimental and one control group. Data were collected using D-type personality scale and Buss and Perry hostility scale.Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance using SPSS-25 software.Results: The results of this study showed that patients' negative emotion scale scores decreased, indicating the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and emotion-focused therapy compared to the control group. Conclusion: Considering that one of the most important psychological factors related to heart disease are negative emotions and these emotions can have an accelerating role in the development and progression of heart disease and Due to the effectiveness of the above treatments, their education can be helpful in addition to medical treatment

Comparison of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and emotion-focused therapy on anxiety sensitivity in cardiac patients

Introduction: The role of anxiety sensitivity in the clinical course of many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, has been confirmed, which can cause and develop a variety of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Emotion-Focused Therapy on Anxiety Sensitivity in cardiac patients    . Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population was all patients referred to Dr. Heshmat Rasht hospital during February to March 2019. Sampling method was used to select the samples and then the samples were randomly divided into two experimental and one control group. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance by SPSS software, version 25.Results: outcomes showed that acceptance and commitment therapy and emotion focused therapy were effective on Anxiety sensitivity(P = 0.000). also the results of the covariance showed that, there was a significant difference between the groups' adjusted averages for Anxiety sensitivity (ETA=0.910, P = 0.000, F(2,41)= 208.387). In other words, there is a significant difference between the two experimental methods on Anxiety sensitivity in cardiac patients (acceptance and commitment therapy and emotion-focused therapy) with the control group. Conclusions: Anxiety sensitivity plays a predisposing, accelerating, and sustaining role in cardiovascular disease, and training in the above treatments can play an important role as adjunctive and rehabilitation therapy alongside medical treatments.                                                           &nbsp

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment based Therapy and Emotion-focused Therapy on Adherence to Treatment in Cardiac Patients

Introduction:The role of adherence to treatment in many chronic diseases, including heart disease, has been confirmed. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Emotion-Focused Therapy on adherence to treatment in Cardiac Patients.Method: This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of all patients referring to Dr. HeshmatRasht Hospital during February to March 2019 were available by purposeful sampling methodand then the samples were randomly divided into two experimental and one control groups. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaire and standardized adherence to treatment questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance by SPSS software, version 25.Results: outcomes showed that acceptance and commitment therapy and emotion focused therapy were effective on Adherence to treatment (P<0.001). Also, the results of the covariance showed that, there was a significant difference between the groups' adjusted averages for adherence (ETA= 0.804, P= 0.001, F (2,41)=83.904). In other words, there is a significant difference between the two experimental methods onAdherence to treatment in cardiac patients (acceptance and commitment therapy and emotion-focused therapy) with the control group.Conclusion:According to the results of this study, training of above mentioned therapies can play an important role as adjunctive and rehabilitation therapy along with medical treatments by increasing adherence to treatment

Modeling children\'s behavioral problems based on attachment styles with parent-child relationship mediation

Background and Aim: Examining the psychological problems of children and adolescents has always been one of the main concerns of psychologists. The present study was conducted with the aim of modeling children's behavioral problems based on attachment styles with the mediation of parent-child relationship. Methods: In a cross-sectional study in the form of a correlational design, all mothers of primary school students with behavioral problems in Karaj city were selected using a simple random sampling method from the list of names of students diagnosed with behavioral problems. After obtaining informed consent, the research data were used with the help of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) - Achenbach and Rescular (2001), the attachment styles questionnaire (1987) and the Pianta Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (2015). In order to check the assumptions of the statistical tests and test the hypotheses of the research, using the SmartPLS software, the identified paths of the research have been investigated according to the conceptual model. Version 3.3 of SmartPLS software was used to compile the confirmatory factor analysis model and structural equations, and SPSS version 26 was used for descriptive statistics. Path analysis has also been used to determine direct and indirect coefficients. Results: The results obtained from the bootstrap method and the Sobel test both show that the indirect effect of attachment styles on children's behavioral problems due to the parent-child relationship is -0.142, and the value of the Sobel statistic is at the 95% confidence level. It is significant (P>0.001, Sobel=3.56). As a result, attachment styles have a significant effect on children's behavioral problems due to the mediating role of parent-child relationship. The negative value of beta (-0.142) shows the negativity and oppositeness of this effect. Conclusion: It can be concluded that attachment styles are effective in creating behavioral problems in children by mediating parent-child relationship, which can be used in the prevention program while removing clinical implications

Structural equations of the relationship between the psychological needs of male and female employees with the experience of being overwhelmed at work with the mediation of organizational commitment.

Background and Aim: The current research was conducted with the aim of structural equations of the relationship between the psychological needs of employees and the experience of being overwhelmed at work with the mediation of organizational commitment. Methods: The method of the current research was of the correlation type and the method of structural equations was used. All the employees of the Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran in the academic year of 2020-21 formed the statistical population of the present study, and 339 employees were selected as a sample using random sampling. To collect data, a questionnaire tool was used: a questionnaire on the experience of drowning in work (Talabeigi, 2013), psychological needs (Deci & Ryan, 2000) and an organizational commitment questionnaire (Allen & Mayer, 1997) were the research tools, which were reliable and valid. Questionnaires in this research were calculated using Cronbach's alpha 0.865, 0.921 and 0.793 respectively for the aforementioned questionnaires. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation model were used and using software SPSS 24 and AMOS 24 were used. Results: The results of the analysis showed that there is a significant positive and direct relationship between the psychological needs of employees with the experience of drowning in work and the organizational commitment of the organization (P ≥ 0.05). Also, the results of structural equation analysis showed that organizational commitment mediates the relationship between employees' psychological needs and the experience of being overwhelmed at work (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: Attention and emphasis on promoting organizational commitment help creating a clear image of effective human resources with appropriate psychological needs and the experience of drowning in work

Developing a structural model of maladaptive schemas based on individual trauma and social trauma with the mediation of attachment styles

Background and Aim: Entering the university is always associated with a range of stressful academic, financial, communication, social and sometimes distance from the family. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the fit of the structural model of maladaptive schemas based on individual trauma and social trauma with the mediation of attachment styles. Methods: The study method was correlational. The statistical population was all the students of Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch, in the academic year 2020-21. The statistical sample consisted of 380 students who were selected online. Hazan and Shaver's (1987) attachment style questionnaire, Young's early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (1998), Bernstein et al.'s (2003) childhood trauma questionnaire, and researcher-made social trauma questionnaire were used. Results: The results showed that personal trauma has an effect on early maladaptive schemas with the mediation of secure attachment style (P<0.01); Personal trauma with the mediation of avoidant and ambivalent attachment style has no effect on early maladaptive schemas (P<0.05); Social trauma has an effect on early maladaptive schemas with the mediation of secure and avoidant attachment style (P<0.01); Social trauma with the mediation of ambivalent attachment style does not affect early maladaptive schemas (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the structural model of maladaptive schemas based on individual trauma and social trauma with the mediation of attachment styles in the students of Islamic Azad University of Karaj has a sufficient fit; Therefore, providing the right environment from childhood can help reduce mental and personality disorders in the society