Are Transformational Leaders Sustainable? The Role Of Organizational Culture

As the workplace becomes increasingly stressful, leaders’ well-being, a critical determinant for follower well-being and organizational effectiveness, rises as an important research direction. Under the theoretical framework of self-regulation and conservation of resources, the current study hypothesized that transformational leadership deters leaders’ affective and cognitive resources from long-term self-growth, resulting in a detrimental effect on leaders’ eudemonic well-being. In addition, organizational culture was hypothesized to moderate the overall negative relationship between transformational behaviors and well-being of the leaders. On the one hand, mastery-approach norms would facilitate restoration of resources, so the association between transformational leadership and well-being becomes positive under a high level of mastery-approach norms. On the other hand, performance-approach and avoid norms would prevent resource gain and exacerbate the negative effect of transformational behaviors on leaders’ well-being. To test these hypotheses, an empirical study was conducted using a multi-organizational archival dataset, which contains others’ ratings of transformational leadership and leaders’ well-being, as well as employee responses to measurements of organizational culture. These measures were extracted from the Leadership/Impact® (L/I) and Organizational Culture Inventory® (OCI®) published by Human Synergistics International. Given sufficient interrater reliability and agreement, data were aggregated to the leader and organizational levels. Regression and hierarchical linear modeling was used for analyzing the aggregated data. Results supported the main effect hypothesis that transformational leadership was negatively related to leaders’ eudemonic well-being when controlling for transactional leadership. Results were inconclusive about the cross-level interactions, such that organizational culture, conceptualized as the collective self-regulatory focus, did not significantly moderate the main effect at the leader level, but statistical power was lacking to reveal the potential interactions. These findings are helpful for understanding long-term sustainability of effective leadership. Regardless of organizational context, leaders and organizations need to be aware of and balance the contradiction between effective leadership and leaders’ personal development and fulfillment. Future research should continue incorporating leaders’ well-being for exploring the within-leader processes associated with the dynamic nature of leadership

Examining Body Shape Characteristics on Chinese Urban College Male Students

According to the Chinese National Adolescent Health report, the status of adolescent physical health has been decreasing for 26 years. The associated factors which caused such decline was studied and pointed out by Gao (2018). As many scholars claimed, “Sunshine sports” should be implemented to promote the adolescent physical health development (Yang, 2011). Previous study indicated that the age of 18 has been a transition point to study on adolescent physical health. However, there has been few studies conducted on the differences of Body Shape Characteristics (BSC) among different regions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the differences of BSC focusing on 19-22 years old Han Urban Male College Students (HUMCS). Quantitative comparison research design was employed in this study. Human Subject Institute Review Board approval was obtained. Data were collected from five Chinese National Physical Health reports (1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015). Non-parametric Kernel Density estimation and Kruskal-Wallis test were utilized to examine the characteristics of dynamic trends on HUMCS. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to reveal the differences on BSC from different regions. The statistical results revealed that there were significant height and weight increase from 2000-2015. HUMCS from East region were significantly higher and heavier than the West region, while no difference revealed between East and Mid region. Specifically, the height growth curve shifted from 171.5cm to 173.1cm and the weight of HUMCS increased first, followed by slightly decreased. In addition, the chest circumference of HUMCS had been maintained consistently at about 86cm from 1995 to 2015, only slight decreased in 2005. Moreover, there was significant chest circumference difference between East and West region in 1999 and 2005, East and Mid region in 1995, and Mid and West region in 2005. The body shape characteristics of 19-22 years old Han Urban Male College Students from West, Mid and East region have been significantly increased, which indicated that the overall life and diet standard and living environment have been improved. However, strategies for overweight and obesity of adolescent in developed region such as East and Mid region should be taken. Low nutrition status in undeveloped region such as West region may need more attention

Effect of Linkage Bond between Backbone and Side Chain in Comb-Like Copolymer Dispersants on Early Properties of Concentrated Cement Suspensions

AbstractComb-like copolymer, consists of backbone with ionizable group and charge neutral poly(ethylene oxide)-based “teeth” side chain grafted onto the backbone at frequent intervals, has been widely used as superplasticizer in concrete industry due to its unique properties compared to traditional polyelectrolyte dispersants, such as lower dosages, outstanding water reduction, excellent workability retention and lower shrinkage. It is easy to modify and adapt this molecular structure in order to maximize the targeted properties and also meet specific properties for different applications. However, modification attempts usually focused on the side-chain length and charge density. In fact, the linkage bond between backbone and side chain has greatly influence on the early behavior of cement suspensions due to copolymers with different linkage bond have different structure stability under the strong basic environment. In this study, two comb-like copolymer dispersants with different linkage group (ester and ether) were produced. The effects of the type of linkage bond in comb-like copolymers on the adsorption characteristics and hydration behavior of concentrated cement suspensions, were investigated by means of Total organic carbon analyzer(TOC),DSC-TG and calorimetric device and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope(ESEM). Test results showed that the comb-like copolymer with ester linkage bond, has lower initial adsorbed amount, and thus not only accelerate the hydration rate, but also change its crystal shape of hydrated cement. This will help in the understanding of the structure-property relationship of comb-like copolymer and in the designing the molecular structure of new functional superplasticizer

Emission drivers of cities at different industrialization phases in China

As cities are the center of human activity and the basic unit of policy design, they have become the focus of carbon dioxide reduction, especially metropolitan areas that are high energy consumers and carbon dioxide emitters in countries such as China. The fact cities differ in their levels of development and stages of industrialization points to the need for tailor-made low-carbon policies. This study is the first to consider cities' different phases of industrialization when analyzing city-level emission patterns and drivers, as well as the decoupling statuses between economic growth and their emission levels in China. The results of 15 representative cities at different phases of industrialization show that various decoupling statuses, driving factors and decoupling efforts exist among cities, and that heterogeneity among these factors also exists among cities at the same industrialization phase. For further decomposition, energy intensity contributed the most to emissions reduction during the period 2005 to 2010, especially for cities with more heavy manufacturing industries, whereas industrial structure was a stronger negative emission driver during the period 2010 to 2015. Based on those findings, we suggest putting into practice a diversified carbon-mitigation policy portfolio according to each city's industrialization phase rather than a single policy that focuses on one specific driving factor. This paper sets an example on emissions-reduction experience for other cities undergoing different industrialization phases in China; it also sheds light on policy initiatives that could be applied to other cities around the world

Driving forces of CO2 emissions and mitigation strategies of China’s National low carbon pilot industrial parks

In an effort to address climate change, in 2013 China launched the world’s largest government-driven carbon emission reduction programme, the National Low Carbon Industrial Parks Pilot Programme (LCIPPP). This paper analyses this newly developed pilot program. To deepen our understanding of the causes and the impact of industrial park CO2 emissions, we use the STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology) model and data from 20 pilot industrial parks involved in the LCIPPP for the period 2012–2016. This study quantitatively evaluates the effect of CO2 emissions on output, energy structure, energy intensity, industrial structure, R&D intensity, and population change in different regions and nationally through an elasticity coefficient method. The results confirm that an increase in output and energy intensity is a dominant contributor to the growth of CO2 emissions whereas an increase of the share of tertiary industry and R&D intensity has significant effects on reducing CO2 emissions. The elasticity of energy intensity and renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions in the eastern region of China is the highest, indicating that using renewable energy to reduce CO2 emissions for the industrial parks is more effective in the eastern region as compared to the central and western regions of the country. The elasticity of population is significantly negative in both the central and western areas while it is positive in eastern part of China, thereby illustrating that promoting labour intensive industries will be an effective way to reduce CO2 emissions for the industrial parks in China’s central and western regions. Our study reveals that differentiated low carbon development pathways should be adopted. Concrete policy implications for reducing CO2 emissions are also provided

First Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing Measurement of Satellite Halo Mass in the CFHT Stripe-82 Survey

We select satellite galaxies from the galaxy group catalog constructed with the SDSS spectroscopic galaxies and measure the tangential shear around these galaxies with source catalog extracted from CFHT/MegaCam Stripe-82 Survey to constrain the mass of subhalos associated with them. The lensing signal is measured around satellites in groups with masses in the range [10^{13}, 5x10^{14}]h^{-1}M_{sun}, and is found to agree well with theoretical expectation. Fitting the data with a truncated NFW profile, we obtain an average subhalo mass of log M_{sub}= 11.68 \pm 0.67 for satellites whose projected distances to central galaxies are in the range [0.1, 0.3] h^{-1}Mpc, and log M_{sub}= 11.68 \pm 0.76 for satellites with projected halo-centric distance in [0.3, 0.5] h^{-1}Mpc. The best-fit subhalo masses are comparable to the truncated subhalo masses assigned to satellite galaxies using abundance matching and about 5 to 10 times higher than the average stellar mass of the lensing satellite galaxies.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted by MNRA

The Mass-Concentration Relation and the Stellar-to-Halo Mass Ratio in the CFHT Stripe 82 Survey

We present a new measurement of the mass-concentration relation and the stellar-to-halo mass ratio over the halo mass range $5\times 10^{12}$ to $2\times 10^{14}M_{\odot}$. To achieve this, we use weak lensing measurements from the CFHT Stripe 82 Survey (CS82), combined with the central galaxies from the redMaPPer cluster catalogue and the LOWZ/CMASS galaxy sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Tenth Data Release. The stacked lensing signals around these samples are modelled as a sum of contributions from the central galaxy, its dark matter halo, and the neighboring halos, as well as a term for possible centering errors. We measure the mass-concentration relation: $c_{200c}(M)=A(\frac{M_{200c}}{M_0})^{B}$ with $A=5.24\pm1.24, B=-0.13\pm0.10$ for $0.2<z<0.4$ and $A=6.61\pm0.75, B=-0.15\pm0.05$ for $0.4<z<0.6$. These amplitudes and slopes are completely consistent with predictions from recent simulations. We also measure the stellar-to-halo mass ratio for our samples, and find results consistent with previous measurements from lensing and other techniques.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 3 table