A cooperative action of endothelin-1 with prostaglandin F-2 alpha on luteal function in the cow

application/pdfProstaglandin F-2 alpha (PGF(2 alpha)) is the primary luteolysin in the cow, and luteal endothelin-1 (ET-1) interacts with PGF(2 alpha) during the process of luteolysis. In contrast, a developing corpus luteum (CL) is refractory to exogenous administration of PGF(2 alpha). Thus, the present study was aimed to investigate the functional relationship between ET-1 and PGF(2 alpha) in the mid-CL (PGF(2 alpha)-sensitive) and early-CL (PGF(2 alpha)-refractory). In the mid-CL model, cows (n = 6/treatment) were assigned to receive one of five types of treatments on day 10 of the estrous cycle: (1) an injection of saline; control, (2) a 500 jig of PGF2. analogue (sufficient dose to induce luteolytis); full-PG, (3) an intraluteal injection of 0.25 mg ET-1; ET-1, (4) a 125 mu g of PGF2. (insufficient dose to induce luteolytis); 1/4PG or (5) an intraluteal injection of 0.25 mg ET-I after administration of a insufficient dose of PGF2. analogue; 1/4PG/El In the early-CL model, cows were assigned to receive one of two types of treatments on day 5 of the estrous cycle: (1) a sufficient dose of PGF2. analogue; PG (n = 5) or (2) an intraluteal injection ET-I after a sufficient dose of PGF(2 alpha); PG/ET (n = 7). In the mid-CL model, 1/4PG/ET resulted in a rapid reduction of progesterone (P) concentrations similar to that in full-PG from the next day. However, the levels of P in 1/4PG/ET (1.5-2.5 ng/ml) kept significantly higher than that in full-PG (< 0.5 ng/ml). ET-1 or 1/4PG did not decrease plasma P concentrations (4-6 ng/ml). The plasma ET-1 levels increased with the full-PG administration. In the early-CL model, both treatments had no effect on plasma P increase and ET-1 levels. The overall results indicate that the intraluteat ET-1 injection after administration of insufficient dose of PGF(2 alpha) induces the depression of P secretion in vivo during the mid luteal phase in the cow, supporting the concept that ET-1 is one of a local mediator of functional luteolysis in the cow. The result further indicates that the early-CL is not only PG-reftactory but also ET-1-refractory.journal articl

WHO global research priorities for antimicrobial resistance in human health

The WHO research agenda for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human health has identified 40 research priorities to be addressed by the year 2030. These priorities focus on bacterial and fungal pathogens of crucial importance in addressing AMR, including drug-resistant pathogens causing tuberculosis. These research priorities encompass the entire people-centred journey, covering prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of antimicrobial-resistant infections, in addition to addressing the overarching knowledge gaps in AMR epidemiology, burden and drivers, policies and regulations, and awareness and education. The research priorities were identified through a multistage process, starting with a comprehensive scoping review of knowledge gaps, with expert inputs gathered through a survey and open call. The priority setting involved a rigorous modified Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative approach, ensuring global representation and applicability of the findings. The ultimate goal of this research agenda is to encourage research and investment in the generation of evidence to better understand AMR dynamics and facilitate policy translation for reducing the burden and consequences of AMR

affinis

Fritillaria affinis (Schultes & Schultes f.) Sealy var. affinischocolate lilyfritillaire chocolatFritillaria lanceolataBootahnie Indian Reserve 15, 10 mi. N. of Lytton, top end of valleyKnee deep alpine slope, lush, very steep5600 fee

Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pemenuhan Hak Reproduksi Keluarga Berencana Pada Petugas Kesehatan Di RSIA Nasanapura Kota Palu.

ABSTRAK DIAN ISLAMI. Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pemenuhan Hak Reproduksi Keluarga Berencana pada Petugas Kesehatan di RSIA Nasanapura Kota Palu Peminatan Biostatistik, KB dan Kependudukan Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Tadulako Agenda 2030 atau Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) menargetkan akan menjamin akses universal terhadap layanan kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi, termasuk keluarga berencana, serta pemenuhan hak reproduksi kedalam strategi dan program nasional. Data global perkiraan tingginya angka kematian ibu pada akhir tahun 2007 adalah 872 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup, akibat kesehatan dan hak reproduksi belum terpenuhi. Data di RSIA Nasanapura Palu menunjukkan bahwa kejadian pemenuhan hak reproduksi keluarga berencana (menentukan jumlah anak, jarak kelahiran dan pemilihan alat kontrasepsi) terdapat sebanyak (75,61%) yang tidak terpenuhi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemenuhan hak reproduksi keluarga berencana pada petugas kesehatan di RSIA Nasanapura kota Palu. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah petugas kesehatan wanita pasangan usia subur di RSIA Nasanapura Palu. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 41 orang diambil secara Simple Random Sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, data dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan Sikap (p= 0,000), Dukungan Suami (p=0,001), Status Wanita Dalam Keluarga (p=0,001), Dukungan Sosial (p=0,002) dengan pemenuhan hak reproduksi keluarga berencana. Sebaiknya petugas kesehatan lebih meningkatkan kepedulian dan tanggung jawab bersama suami beserta keluarga agar dapat melaksanakan fungsi reproduksi. Kata Kunci : Sikap, Suami, Status, Sosial, Ha

Genetic and morphological characterization of freshwater shrimps (caridina africanakingsley, 1882) reveals the presence of alien shrimps in the cape floristic region, south africa

Morphological identification and molecular data (mtDNA COI) were used to resolve the taxonomic identity of a non-native freshwater shrimp in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa and to evaluate levels of genetic diversity and differentiation in the species ' core natural distribution. The species was morphologically and genetically identified as Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, whose main natural distribution is in the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province, more than 1200 km from the point of new discovery. Subsequently, sequence data from natural populations occurring in seven rivers throughout KZN showed the presence of nuclear copies of the mtDNA COI gene (NUMTs) in 46 out of 140 individuals. Upon removal of sequences containing NUMTs, levels of genetic diversity were low in the alien population (possibly as a consequence of a bottleneck event), while varying levels of genetic diversity and differentiation were found in natural populations, indicating habitat heterogeneity, fragmentation and restricted gene flow between rivers. Following the present study, the alien shrimp has survived the Western Cape's winter and dispersed into a nearby tributary of the Eerste River System, hence posing an additional potential threat to endangered endemics. Understanding the biology of this alien species will aid detection and eradication procedures