Brassica amendments and summer irrigation for the control of Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini in hot arid region

The combined effect of Brassica amendments (mustard oil–cake or mustard residue at 2.5 tons ha-1) and summer irrigation was tested for survival of Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini and on the severity of dry root rot on clusterbean in the rainy season and on wilt of cumin in the subsequent winter season in the same field. Seed coating with a Bacillus sp., an antagonist bacterium against M. phaseolina, was also integrated with pod residues to improve control of dry root rot. The soil temperature of amended soil after one summer irrigation in June ranged from 38–44°C at 15-cm depth. These temperatures were 0.5–5°C higher than those recorded in unamended soil for the same period and 6–16°C higher when amendments were incorporated in July. A single summer irrigation led to a significant reduction in viable propagules of M. phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini, plant mortality due to dry root rot in clusterbean and incidence of wilt on cumin from Brassica amendments, as compared with the application of amendments in July. A seed coating with Bacillus sp. alone was also effective, but integration with residues did not improve control of dry root rot. In general, amended soil held more soil moisture than unamended soil. These findings have a potential value for irrigated pockets in the hot arid zone of India as well as for many countries with the appropriate climatic conditions

Relative Efficacy of On-Farm Weeds as Soil-Amendement for Managing Dry Root Rot of Clusterbean in an Arid Environment

The effectiveness of certain on-farm weeds as soil amendments was ascertained against Macrophomina phaseolina, a soil-borne pathogen causing dry root rot of crops grown under rainfed conditions in arid regions. Population changes in M. phaseolina were determined in soils amended separately with residues (1%, w:w) of Aerva persica, Celosia argentea, Corchorus depressus, Euphorbia hirta, Heliotropium subulatum and Polycarpaea corymbosa, for a period of 90 days. Significant reductions by 90.4–100% in the population of M. phaseolina were achieved with all the weed residues except P. corymbosa. Celosia and Euphorbia residues completely eradicated viable propagules of M. phaseolina. A strong increase (44–61%) in the population of antagonistic actinomycetes was also found in soil amended with Corchorus and Euphorbia. In field tests, soil amended (50 g m2) with Euphorbia, Aerva and Celosia residues significantly reduced dry root rot incidence on clusterbean and also reduced M. phaseolina propagules in the soil. However, dry root rot incidence in Polycarpaea-amended soil (5.8–24.6%) was not significantly different from that in non-amended soil (4.3–25.3%) in both years of the experiment. P. corymbosa also increased the number of propagules of M. phaseolina in the soil. The results demonstrate that dry root rot of rainfed-cultivated annual crops in arid land can be managed with certain weeds as a soil amendment

Cumin wilt management – a review

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is one of the oldest seed spice and an important production constraint is wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini Prasad and Patel (Foc) and crop losses could be up to 60%. Maximum population of Foc was estimated at 0-5 cm soil depth in the presence of crop, but the population density tended to decline progressively with distance from the surface. Resting structures of the Foc, the chlamydospores, survive in the soil for more than 10 years. The inoculum density in the soil increases with each year of cumin cultivation and is directly proportional to disease incidence in the field. In this review, an effort has been made to compile research findings generated during past four decades on symptomatology, ecology and management strategies. In the absence of resistant sources against Foc, to reduce population of pathogen below the economic threshold level, integration of cultural, chemical and biological control measures is the only effective way to manage this diesease. &nbsp

The synergy between TB and HIV co-infection on perceived stigma in Ethiopia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The synergy between tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection on perceived stigma is not well studied. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of TB/HIV co-infection on perceived stigma in selected hospitals of Oromiya region, Ethiopia. A cross sectional study was conducted from February to April, 2009 in Adama, Nekemet and Jimma Specialized hospitals. Data were collected by trained HIV counselors. A structured questionnaire which consisted of socio-demographic variables, clinical information, perceived stigma, and depression was used to collect the data</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>A total of 591 participants were included in the study of whom 124 (20.9%) were co-infected with TB/HIV. The stigma items were highly reliable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93) and had strong inter dimension correlation. Respondents who were co-infected with TB and HIV were more likely to have perceived stigma compared to non-co-infected HIV patients, [OR = 1.4, (95% CI: 1.2, 2.0)]. Non-literate individuals [OR = 1.9, (95% CI: 1.2, 3.0)] and females [OR = 1.6, (95% CI: 1.2, 2.3)] had also more perceived stigma.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>TB/HIV co-infected patients, non-literate individuals and females were more likely to have high perceived stigma. Behavioral Change Communication should focus on these segments of the population to rectify the high perceived stigma.</p

Non-Adherence in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis: A Systematic Review

Background: It has been increasingly recognized that non-adherence is an important factor that determines the outcome of peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy. There is therefore a need to establish the levels of non-adherence to different aspects of the PD regimen (dialysis procedures, medications, and dietary/fluid restrictions). Methods: A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature was performed in PubMed, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases using PRISMA guidelines in May 2013. Publications on non-adherence in PD were selected by two reviewers independently according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant data on patient characteristics, measures, rates and factors associated with non-adherence were extracted. The quality of studies was also evaluated independently by two reviewers according to a revised version of the Effective Public Health Practice Project assessment tool. Results: The search retrieved 204 studies, of which a total of 25 studies met inclusion criteria. Reported rates of nonadherence varied across studies: 2.6 1353% for dialysis exchanges, 3.9 1385% for medication, and 14.4 1367% for diet/fluid restrictions. Methodological differences in measurement and definition of non-adherence underlie the observed variation. Factors associated with non-adherence that showed a degree of consistency were mostly socio-demographical, such as age, employment status, ethnicity, sex, and time period on PD treatment. Conclusion: Non-adherence to different dimensions of the dialysis regimen appears to be prevalent in PD patients. There is a need for further, high-quality research to explore these factors in more detail, with the aim of informing intervention designs to facilitate adherence in this patient populatio

PENERIMAAN TAYANGAN IKLAN LAYANAN MASYARAKAT “INDONESIA BEBAS KUSTA” DI TELEVISI OLEH TENAGA KESEHATAN DI KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO

Penelitian ini berfokus pada penerimaan tenaga kesehatan terhadap berbagai aspek periklanan dalam Iklan Layanan Masyarakat Indonesia Bebas Kusta. Penelitian ini menarik karena stigma negatif terhadap kusta yang terjadi di masyarakat. Stigma yang terjadi di masyarakat terjadi karena kurangnya informasi mengenai kusta yang dapat diperoleh masyarakat. Untuk itu diperlukan upaya sosialisasi yang tepat dan benar terhadap masyarakat, salah satunya adalah melalui Iklan Layanan Masyarakat di televisi sebagai media dalam memberikan informasi mengenai kusta. Selanjutnya tenaga kesehatan sebagai ujung tombak pemerintah dilapangan berkewajiban untuk mensosialisasikan informasi yang benar mengenai kusta terhadap masyarakat. Dengan metode reception analysis Stuart Hall, diharapkan peneliti dapat mengeksplorasi penerimaan tenaga kesehatan di desa Sumberglagah, Kabupaten Mojokerto terhadap iklan layanan masyarakat “Indonesia Bebas Kusta” melalui proses encoding dan decoding. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Iklan Layanan masyarakat di televisi sebagai media utama masyarakat dalam memperoleh informasi mengenai kusta kurang tepat. Selain itu, aspek dalam periklanan layanan masyarakat khususnya kreatif audio visual dalam iklan layanan masyarakat ini seharusnya menjadi hal aspek hiburan dan menarik perhatian masyarakat, bukan menjadi hal yang utama dalam iklan layanan masyarakat. Karena tujuan dari adanya iklan layanan masyarakat adalah menyampaikan informasi. Informasi mengenai kusta yang ditampilkan seharusnya menyeluruh dan secara jelas

Key Determinants of Elementary School Education Policy Implementation in Border Region

The momentum of decentralization that occurred in 1998 gave hope for the improvement of the quality of education services, especially in border areas. However, although several of policy instruments have been established, some empirical studies precisely showed that hope still difficult to realize. This research aims to analyzing how key determinants of elementary school education policy implementation in border areas are operationalized, with Sekayam and Entikong Districts, Sanggau Regency, West Borneo Province as a specific locus. Qualitative approach with descriptive methods used in this research. Data collection techniques used are in-depth interviews, FGD, direct observation, and documentation, meanwhile data analysis techniques used Miles, Huberman, and Saldana models. This research finds that key determinants of elementary school education policy implementation in border areas which consists of the dimensions: design of the policy, stakeholders, context, the implementation strategy is not fully optimal. This research recommends several things such as: the government needs to increase the accessibility of better education, strengthen collaboration between the central government and local governments, strengthen planning and budgeting, and needed holistic evaluation of the application of E-Takola so that the aid mechanism provided to elementary schools in all border areas can be more effective

Strategi Penetapan Harga Jual Produk Pupuk Organik Bahan Baku Limbah Cincau Hitam Untuk Meningkatkan Keuntungan Ud Rsa Kediri

Penetapan harga jual suatu produk merupakan keputusan yang penting karena dapat mempengaruhi keuntungan Perusahaan dan minat beli konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan strategi penetapan harga jual produk pupuk organik yang merupakan produk sampingan dari hasil pengolahan limbah industri cincau hitam UD RSA Kediri Jawa Timur. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi literatur dan dokumentasi Perusahaan. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer dan sekunder yang memberikan informasi tentang strategi Perusahaan tentang penetapan harga produk. Metode penghitungan Harga Pokok Produksi (HPP) yang digunakan adalah metode full &nbsp;costing dan variable costing. Tahapan kegiatan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi biaya produksi, memilih metode harga pokok produksi, menentukan harga jual, analisis harga jual, membuat keputusan penetapan harga jual. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa hasil &nbsp;perhitungan HPP menggunakan full costing yaitu Rp 97.260.000, harga jual Rp 4.863 dan laba Rp 3.740. untuk perhitungan hpp menggunakan variable costing yaitu Rp 56.400.000, untuk harga jual Rp 2.820 dan laba Rp 2.170. Dari hasil&nbsp; penghitungan HPP menggunakan full costing sudah tepat karena mendapatkan harga jual dan laba yang sesuai dengan harapan Perusahaa

Collaborative Governance in Basic Education Services in Indonesia-Malaysia Border Area

This study examines the implementation of collaborative governance in essential education services in Indonesia-Malaysia's border area, in Entikong-Sekayam District, Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan Province. It used a descriptive technique with a qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data was analyzed with qualitative techniques and tested for validity by triangulation. According to the results, collaborative governance had not yet achieved desired results. This was based on several indicators, including starting conditions, facilitative leadership, institutional design, and collaborative processes. Importantly, the collaborative process involved several parties, including the government through the Ministry of Education and Culture, and the Ministry of Public Works and Housing, academics at the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences of Jakarta Muhammadiyah University, and elementary school figures (school committees, principals, staff and teachers). The results showed that the government's role was not maximized, as indicated by uncertain policies and systems, overlapping authority, and inappropriate school infrastructure assistance targets. Academics actively facilitate various activities, including socialization, mentoring, workshops, and training, significantly improving education quality. Schools also operate an intense performance in mobilizing teachers to remain active amid the limitations of existing facilities and increasing their competence. Moreover, school committees also contribute ideas, energy, and materials in development, especially physical facilities. The weakness of the collaboration process in essential education services is the absence of private sector involvement