Graphical representation of the systems effectiveness framework.

<p>How interventions lose traction in health systems: example of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) antimalarial treatment in Rufiji Demographic Surveillance Area Tanzania in 2006. Source: INDEPTH INESS Project. Systems Effectiveness Module, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute with data from Ifakara Health Institute and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention based on <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000397#pmed.1000397-Tanner2" target="_blank">[45]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000397#pmed.1000397-Tugwell1" target="_blank">[47]</a>. Image credit: Fusión Creativa.</p

Health system building blocks [<b>7</b>].

<p>Image credit: Fusión Creativa.</p

Categorization of the malERA health systems research goals and approaches.

<p>Categorization of the malERA health systems research goals and approaches.</p

Matrix of health systems research and development needs.

<p>Group 1, countries that are scaling up and entering the sustained control phase, where most of the population lives in areas where malaria elimination is considered impossible with existing tools; group 2, countries with focal malaria, where a large part of the population lives in malaria-free areas, and where health systems strengthening could play a crucial role in interrupting transmission in many but not necessarily all of the existing foci. These are often countries with very diverse and complex health systems challenges; group 3, elimination-ready countries. When a group of countries is not indicated, the text applies to group 1 and group 2 countries alike.</p>a<p>Responsibility for these issues shared with malERA Monitoring, Evaluation, and Surveillance group.</p><p>IMAI, integrated management of adult and adolescent illness; IMCI, integrated management of childhood illness.</p