Insights into the role of natural products in the control of the honey bee gut parasite (Nosema spp.)

The honey bee is an important economic insect due to its role in pollinating many agricultural plants. Unfortunately, bees are susceptible to many pathogens, including pests, parasites, bacteria, and viruses, most of which exert a destructive impact on thousands of colonies. The occurrence of resistance to the therapeutic substances used against these organisms is rising, and the residue from these chemicals may accumulate in honey bee products, subsequently affecting the human health. There is current advice to avoid the use of antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, and other drugs in bees, and therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative strategies for the treatment of bee diseases. In this context, the impact of nosema diseases (nosemosis) on bee health and the negative insults of existing drugs are discussed. Moreover, attempts to combat nosema through the use of alternative compounds, including essential oils, plant extracts, and microbes in vitro and in vivo, are documented.Plan of High end Foreign Experts of the Ministry of Science and Technology | Ref. G2022016009

J.Serb.Chem.Soc. 68(6)463–470(2003) UDC 547.821+547.831:536.7.004.12

Thermodynamic and structural studies of complexes of manganese(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) with aminofuropyridine carboxamid

Physico-chemical studies of some aminobenzoic acid hydrazide complexes

The stability constants and related thermodynamic functions characterizing the formation of divalent Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg complexes with o- and p-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide were determined potentiometrically at different temperatures. The formations of the complexes are endothermic processes. The formed bonds are mainly electrostatic. Conductometric titration was carried out to determine the stoichiometry and stability of the formed complexes. The structures of complexes were characterized by their IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra, as well as X-ray diffractograms. The coordination process takes place through the carbonyl group and the terminal hydrazinic amino group. The thermal stability of the complexes was followed in the temperature range 20600ºC

Sprinkler irrigation uniformity: Impact on the crop yield and water use efficiency

In this work, an assessment of the effect of distribution uniformity over water use efficiency is shown. The experimental study took place in Sebha region, southern Libya, characterized by arid climate and interested a barley field. The results of water irrigation in the sprinkler irrigation system with respect to the operating pressure (P) and raiser height of sprinkler (H) are reported with respect to distribution uniformity and water use efficiency. The main objective of irrigation is to apply the optimum amount of water to the crop root zone that is needed for its growth and maturation, and it is, hence, important for to check the uniformity of irrigation systems in order to adjust the operating parameters involved. To assess uniformity, the coefficient of uniformity (CU), the low quarter distribution uniformity (DU), and the coefficient of variation (CV) were considered, while the grain yield (GY), the crop height (CH) and the water use efficiency (WUE) weremeasured in order to find the best solution in terms of operating conditions. The highest values reached by the uniformity parameters with varying the operating conditions defined the best operating practices under which the irrigation system works efficiently: the results demonstrated that the maximum values for CU and DU, 91.37% and 0.85, respectively, were obtained at the highest P and H, and under the same conditions, also grain yield, plants height and WUE recorded the highest values: 5.50 t·ha−1, 63.49 cm and 0.75 kg·m−3, respectively. The results emerged in this work can be useful for similar arid regions like Sebha region, in order to solve the problems related to water scarcity and water use efficiency

Harvesting water in a center pivot irrigation system: Evaluation of distribution uniformity with varying operating parameters

none3siThe main objective of irrigation is to apply the optimum amount of water to the crop root zone that is needed for its growth. Also, when irrigation systems are used to apply fertilizers and pesticides, the irrigation process becomes even more critical in terms of uniformity. Consequently, it is important for center pivot owners and operators to periodically check the uniformity of their systems in order to adjust all the operating parameters involved. To assess the real distribution uniformity of irrigated water, a study was conducted in southern Libya; this paper reports the results of water irrigation in a center pivot system with respect to the effects that the operating pressure (P), the spacing between sprinklers (S), and the height of sprinkler above the ground surface (H) show on the distribution uniformity. Several factors define the uniformity of water distribution; in this work the coefficient of uniformity CU, the low quarter distribution uniformity DUlq, and the coefficient of variation CV are considered. The highest values reached by the uniformity parameters with varying the operating conditions define the best operating practices under which the whole system works efficiently. The final results are given in terms of operating conditions able to save total costs in the studied area and in places characterized by similar geo-hydrological conditions.noneAbd El Wahed, M. H; Medici, Marco; Lorenzini, G.Abd El Wahed, M. H; Medici, Marco; Lorenzini, G

Sprinkler irrigation uniformity: Impact on the crop yield and water use efficiency

In this work, an assessment of the effect of distribution uniformity over water use efficiency is shown. The experimental study took place in Sebha region, southern Libya, characterized by arid climate and interested a barley field. The results of water irrigation in the sprinkler irrigation system with respect to the operating pressure (P) and raiser height of sprinkler (H) are reported with respect to distribution uniformity and water use efficiency. The main objective of irrigation is to apply the optimum amount of water to the crop root zone that is needed for its growth and maturation, and it is, hence, important for to check the uniformity of irrigation systems in order to adjust the operating parameters involved. To assess uniformity, the coefficient of uniformity (CU), the low quarter distribution uniformity (DU), and the coefficient of variation (CV) were considered, while the grain yield (GY), the crop height (CH) and the water use efficiency (WUE) weremeasured in order to find the best solution in terms of operating conditions. The highest values reached by the uniformity parameters with varying the operating conditions defined the best operating practices under which the irrigation system works efficiently: the results demonstrated that the maximum values for CU and DU, 91.37% and 0.85, respectively, were obtained at the highest P and H, and under the same conditions, also grain yield, plants height and WUE recorded the highest values: 5.50 t\ub7ha 121, 63.49 cm and 0.75 kg\ub7m 123, respectively. The results emerged in this work can be useful for similar arid regions like Sebha region, in order to solve the problems related to water scarcity and water use efficiency