The Impact of Spatial Segregation on the Employment Outcomes Amongst Bangladeshis Men and Women in England and Wales

Studies of ethnic residential segregation and its impacts on labour market performance have reported both negative and positive outcomes for different groups in different geographies. We revisit the issue with a particular focus on the Bangladeshi minority in England and Wales using both quantitative and qualitative data to explore the impact of living in segregated areas upon their labour market outcomes. We analyse the 2001 UK Census Controlled Access Microdata Sample (CAMS) and a subset (34 Bangladeshis) of qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews with 73 men and women from Indian, Bangladeshi and Black Caribbean backgrounds in 2005. Our quantitative analysis does show a clear negative impact of living in segregated areas (i.e. Bangladeshi ethnic enclaves) on unemployment, economic inactivity and on the occupational returns on education. Qualitative material suggests that cultural and practical reasons very often lead Bangladeshis, including highly qualified persons, to live in enclaves or nearby. Also, ethnic businesses in enclaves appear to offer jobs to many Bangladeshi men and women, but these jobs are normally low-paid that does not require high qualifications increasing the risk of lower occupational returns further.Ethnicity, Residential Segregation, Bangladeshis in UK, Enclave Economy, Multilevel Analysis, England, Employment Outcomes

EVALUATING THE USE OF A SPECIALISED TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATION ON STUDENTS LEARNING GROWTH

From experience, students usually drop in their achievement levels only when faced with a situation that is beyond their control. Situations that impact them are either physical, mental, or both, such as bullying, family sickness, or death. The global pandemic that swept the world was a situation that has globally affected all human beings. This impact was substantial not just from a humanistic perspective of well-being but also economically and academically. The economic and human impact was an experience that could be seen directly within the schools of Qatar. Large swathes of children were showing lower academic levels than was predicted before the pandemic. When we returned from Covid, levels of learning were below what teachers expected. Globally, government and school expectations were for children to catch up. In Qatar, this was also the expectation. Schools behaved in such a way that they required children to continue as if they had not missed a second of education. Experience and observation showed differently

Economic activity in the South Asian Population in Britain: the impact of ethnicity, religion and class

International audienceThis paper expands the existing literature on ethnicity and economic activity in Britain by studying the impact of religion and class. It argues that while the class location of the different South Asian groups is important in determining their labour market outcomes, it does not operate independently from ethnicity; rather it is highly influenced by ethnicity in the process of determining the labour market participation of these groups. We use data obtained from the 2001 UK Census on Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi men and women aged 20-29. Our findings confirm that class structure of the South-Asian groups is highly ethnicised, in that the ethno-religious background and class are interwoven to the extent that the separation between them is not easy, if not impossible

Effects of urea supplementation on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilisation and rumen fermentation in sheep fed diets containing dates

Summary: The aim of the study was to determine the influence of increasing levels of urea (i.e., 0 (U0); 10 (U10); and 15 (U15) g kg–1 of concentrate) in sheep fed diets containing dates (local name: Azzawi), on nutrient intake and digestibility, N utilisation and ruminal fermentation. To maintain iso-nitrogenous and iso-metabolisable energy diets, the dates were added with increasing levels of urea. Sheep were fed a 400:600 (dry matter (DM) basis) concentrate:berseem hay (Trifolium alexandrinum) diet. Twelve Barki sheep (53.871.95 kg body weight) with three/diet were used in a randomised block design to determine digestibility and N balance, while four ruminally cannulated Barki sheep (56.672.15 kg body weight) were used in a 3 3 Latin square design to determine rumen function. Experimental periods were 22 days with the first 15 days for adaptation. The calculated metabolisable energy (MJ kg–1 DM) and actual crude protein (CP; g kg–1 DM) contents were 12.17 and 156.1, 12.69 and 158.2 and 12.60 and 154.8, for the U0, U10 and U15 diets, respectively. Increased urea feeding increased (Po0.05) digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM) and CP. Rumen ammonia N concentrations, allantoin in urine and the resultant microbial N supply increased linearly (Po0.05), as did the total ruminal volatile fatty acid concentrations. Results suggest that urea supplementation to sheep diets containing dates improved DM, OM and CP digestibility and substantially increased rumen microbial growth as well as ruminal fermentation function

The Effect of Azo Moiety on the Electrical Conductivity of Oxadiazole and Triazole Containing Polymers

Phenolic mercapto oxadiazole and triazole monomers were prepared and then azotized with aniline and Para-phenylene diamine. The prepared monomers have been characterized with FTIR and1HNMR. The six prepared monomers were polymerized by condensation with formaldehyde in a basic medium. The polymer was recognized by FTIR, thermal analysis, and fine elemental analysis (CHN). The results have shown that the presence of azo moiety decreases the thermal stability and the glass transition temperature of the polymers. Also, the oxadiazole polymers are more thermally stable and have higher Tg than the triazole polymers. Doping with different ratios of iodine vapor was carried out on the polymer. The electrical conductivity of the pure and doped polymers was measured by using three probe cells. The results also revealed that the azo moiety increases the conductivity of the pure polymers to some extent (from 1.45534E-11 to 4.69038E-10 ohm-1cm-1  for oxadiazole polymers and from 1.15263E-10 to 3.2680E-10 ohm-1cm-1 for triazole polymers). It was also shown that the electrical conductivity was increased by many orders of magnitude (2-3 orders).by increasing the ratio of the doping

Development of novel formulations to enhance in vivo transdermal permeation of tocopherol

Tocopherol represents a big challenge for transdermal permeation owing to its extreme hydrophobicity and large molecular mass. The aim of the present study was to develop alpha-tocopherol (T) topical formulations and evaluate the ex vivo and in vivo permeation. Franz diffusion cells were used for the ex vivo permeation, and neonatal rats were used for in vivo permeation. Seven gel formulations and 21 liquid formulations were investigated for physical stability, viscosity and permeation of T. Analysis of T was performed by a validated HPLC method using a UV detector.The ex vivo permeation from gel and emulsion formulations was very poor (0.001–0.015 %). The highest permeation was observed from monophasic liquid formulations containing dimethyl sulfuxide (DMSO), tocopheryl polyethylene glycols (TPGs), propylene glycol, ethanol, and 9.5 % T. The in vivo results demonstrated higher retention in the epidermis compared to subcutaneous tissues; 1377 and 1.13 µg g–1, respectively. Increasing T concentration from 4.8 to 9.5 % did not increase the amount permeated or % of T retained. It was concluded that simple solutions of T in presence of DMSO and TPGs are more promising systems for effective transdermal permeation; compared to gel, emulsion or oleaginous systems

Solar Disinfection of Drinking Water with Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles Coated with Nano-Titanium Dioxide

Water disinfection processes in the presence of titanium dioxide as a photo-catalyst material provide an interesting route to destroy contaminants, being operational in the UV-A domain with a potential use of solar radiation. In recent years, advanced oxidation processes (AOP) have been developed to meet the increasing need of an effective wastewater treatment. AOP generates powerful oxidizing agent hydroxyl radicals which completely destroy the pollutants in waste water. Solar disinfection of drinking water with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles coated with photo-catalyst TiO2 has been shown to be very effective. The study is based on comparison between three systems for treating contaminated water samples using PET bottles. First system was a PET untreated bottle, the second system was a PET bottle coated with black paint on its outer surface. Finally the third system was a PET bottle coated also with a black coat on its outer surface and its inner part was treated with citric acid solution to enable np-TiO2 to cover the surface later on, then 0.2 g of np-TiO2 powder (of particle size <25 nm, Sigma-Aldrich) was added. The total bacterial accounts were determined to monitor the effect in the three systems. The experimental results have shown that disinfecting water with merely UV was less effective than combining the bottle with heat effect, and adding TiO2 film was further more benefited. This work can be applied in rural areas, with no technical support or need for expensive/dangerous chemicals for drinking safe water even if is stored for two days

Applications of Datamining Techniques for Predicting the Post - Covid 19 Symptoms in Saudi Arabia, Jazan

  Background The entire world was combating COVID-19; however, a significant proportion of patients demonstrate the persistence of some COVID-19 symptoms, new symptom development, or exaggeration of pre-existing disease after a negative viral load. They are referred to as a post-COVID-19 syndrome. According to various researches, COVID-19 has a wide range of long-term effects on virtually all systems, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, mental, and dermatological systems. Finding the various symptoms of post-acute and chronic is critical since they might have a significant impact on the patients' everyday functioning. As a result, we aimed to distinguish the symptoms immediately after the initial phase in which the symptoms affected them for more than three weeks using data mining techniques. Methodology: Post-COVID conditions do not affect everyone the same way. They can cause various types and combinations of symptoms in different people. The purpose of this research is to analyse the complications of post covid-19 syndrome. The purpose of Data mining is for discovering the knowledge from vast amount of database. To classify the symptoms of post covid-19, data mining techniques is used. In this study, ranking method was used in preprocessing to select subset of attributes for strengthening the rate of accuracy of classifiers. The data were collected through Google form of 384 household of students from Public Health College in Jazan University. The WEKA open-source software is used for this research work under Windows7 environment. An experimental study is carried out using data mining technique such as J48 and Random Forest tree. The data records are classified as six categories such as General symptoms, Nervous symptoms, Respiratory symptoms, Heart symptoms, Digestive symptoms and normal. Result: The performances of classifiers are evaluated through the confusion matrix in terms of accuracy, time taken to build the Model and error rate. It has been concluded that Random Forest Tree gives better accuracy, minimum time taken to build the model and less error rate than the J48 classifier

Improvement of Soft Soil Properties Using Dynamic Compaction with Stone Columns: Case Study (AL-Mualla Site-Yeman)

Dynamic compaction was considered as one of a deep compaction method which was used to improve the soil properties. Also it was used to save cost and time in comparison with other methods.The aims of the present studies were to study the improvement and changes in soil properties that occurred in Al-Mualla Site-Yeman using dynamic compaction. The site soils classified as Silty Sand with small boulder with Clayey-Silt layer extend from 2.2 m to 3.2 m deep.Cone penetration test was done before and after treatment process using dynamic compaction for approximately the same two tested boreholes. As a result of the treatment and based on how the soil properties changes, the soil was divided into three zones varied from (1.2 to 5, 5 to 8.6, and 8.6 to 11 m) respectively. Field results show that there was increased in bearing capacity from 80 kN/m2 to 110 kN/m2. Cone penetration test for the first zone increased from (1.2 to 8.35 MN/m2), and from (2.43 to 7.07 MN/m2) for the first and third zone respectively at the first tested borehole and also from (2.05 to 6.8 MN/m2), and (2.14 to 5.0 MN/m2) for the second tested borehole. Also can be noted that the cone penetration test results decreased from (5.22 to 3.77 MN/m2) for the second zone at the first tested borehole, with no change was happening for the second tested boreholes.Also the effect of soil improvement on the settlement value and effective stress distribution was studied theoretically using finite element package PLAXIS2D program. The result shows that the improvement in soil properties leads to decrease in the expected settlement

Effect of Fibers on Some Engineering Properties of Cement and Lime Stabilized Soils

Recently, many attempts were made to use metal fiber reinforcements to improve some soil properties. In this research, the effects of fibers on the compaction and mechanical properties of cement and lime stabilized soils (silty and clayey soils respectively) were studied. Variables such as stabilizer (cement and lime) content, amount and type of metal fibers were studied. Results indicated that the addition of fibers lead to increase in the maximum dry unit weight. On the other hand, a maximum values of unconfined and tensile strength were obtained with the addition of 0.5 % short fiber (FS) and 1.5 % long fiber (FL) respectively. During the flexural test a brittle manner failure was observed for the unreinforced samples and samples prepared with little amount of fibers 0.5%. Finally, the addition of fibers increases the fracture energy of cement stabilized silty soil and lime stabilized clayey soil