Pengembangan Desain Pembelajaran Matematika Siswa Sekolah Dasar Kelas 6

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan desain pembelajaran yang tepat dan sesuai bagi siswa Sekolah Dasar kelas 6. Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan Model Pengembangan Instruksional (MPI). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Pancoranmas Depok dengan tiga sekolah yang dijadikan sebagai tempat penelitian yaitu, SDN Rangkapan Jaya, SDN Mampang 1, dan SDN Mampang 3. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui tiga tahap yaitu: Tahap pertama dalam model MPI adalah tahap mengidentifikasi yang terdiri dari tiga langkah sebagai berikut: a. mengidentifikasi kebutuhan instruksional dan menulis tujuan instruksional umum; b. melakukan analisis instruksional; dan c. mengidentifikasi perilaku dan karakteristik awal peserta didik. Tahap kedua adalah tahap mengembangkan yang terdiri dari empat langkah sebagai berikut: a. menulis tujuan instruksional khusus; b. menyusun alat penilaian hasil belajar; c. Menyusun strategi instrusional; dan d. mengembangkan bahan instruksional. Tahap ketiga, mengevaluasi dan merevisi yang terdiri dari satu langkah yaitu menyusun desain dan melaksanakan evaluasi formatif yang termasuk di dalamnya kegiatan merevisi bahan instruksional. Hasil penelitian pengembangan ini adalah tersusunnya bahan ajar yang efektif bagi siswa Sekolah Dasar kelas 6 pada mata pelajaran Matematika

The healing effects of the topical mesenchymal stem cells application on colonic anastomosis subjected to ischemia reperfusion injury

Intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a challenging problem and it adversely affects the healing of colonic anastomosis. Our experimental study aimed to investigate the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) administration in the healing of colonic anastomosis. A total of 33 rats were grouped as Control, IRI and MSC treatment groups. Three rats were reserved for obtaining MSCs. Colonic resection and anastomosis procedure was performed in all groups. Anastomotic line was wrapped with MSCs impregnated spongostan after colonic anastomosis in the rats of the MSC treatment group. All rats were sacrificed and anastomotic line were sampled for examination on the post operative seventh day. Tissue hydroxyproline (HP) levels and anastomotic bursting pressures were statistically compared. Anastomotic bursting pressures were found to be significantly high in MSC treatment group rats. The lowest anastomotic bursting pressure was detected in IRI group rats. Hydroxyproline content of the anastomotic sites were also found to be significantly higher in the rats of the MSC treatment group when compared with the IRI group rats. Our study showed that the detrimental effects of IRI on the healing process of colonic anastomosis in an experimental model may be alleviated with the treatment of MSCs. © 2021, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi. All rights reserved

Analysis of MEFV exon methylation and expression patterns in familial Mediterranean fever

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>MEFV mutations and decreased expression level of the gene are related to FMF pathology. DNA methylation at CpG islands is a well-known mechanism for transcriptional silencing. MEFV has a CpG island, spanning a part of the first intron and the whole of the second exon of the gene covering 998 bp region. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the MEFV transcript level in FMF patients correlates with its methylation level, and methylation, by allowing transcription silencing, has a role in FMF ethiopathogenesis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study group was composed of pediatric FMF patients (N = 51) and age-gender matched healthy controls (N = 21). The relative expression level of MEFV was assessed via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and bisulfite sequencing (BS) was performed to analyse the methylation level quantitatively.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>MEFV expression in FMF patients were decreased compared to healthy controls (<it>P </it>= 0.031). Methylation level of exon 2 of MEFV was found to be slightly higher in FMF patients compared to healthy controls (76% versus 74%) (<it>P </it>= 0.049). The expression level of the MEFV was negatively correlated with the methylation level of the CpG island in both FMF and healthy controls groups (cor = -0.29, <it>P </it>= 0.041) but more so in the FMF only group (cor = -0.36, <it>P </it>= 0.035).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In this study, the relation between reduced MEFV expression level and FMF was confirmed. Observed slight increase in methylation in FMF patients, and correlation of methylation with expression might be indicative of its role in FMF, however a larger dataset is needed to confirm our preliminary findings.</p

Exposure to potentially inappropriate medications in Brazilian elderly outpatients with metabolic diseases

ABSTRACT Management of pharmacotherapy in elderly with metabolic diseases is challenging and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are risk factors for drug interactions and adverse events. The exposure to PIMs in elderly outpatients with metabolic diseases and its relationship with polypharmacy and other variables was investigated. PIMs prescribed to 207 elderly patients (aged 60 to 96 years) with metabolic diseases who attended a University Hospital of Sao Paulo city, Brazil, from April/2010 to January/2011, were evaluated. PIMs were detected using both 2003 Beers and 2008 STOPP criteria. The association between PIMs and age, gender and polypharmacy was also examined. 2008 STOPP criteria detected more PIMs (44.4 %) than 2003 Beers criteria (16.0%, p<0.001). Beers detected mainly PIMs antihypertensive (clonidine, 20.0%; doxazosin, 10.0%) and antidepressant (fluoxetine, 15.0%; amitriptyline, 10.0%) PIMs. Medicines used for cardiovascular (aspirin, 53.7%) and endocrine system (glibenclamide, 21.3%) were PIMs more frequently detected by 2008 STOPP. Unlike age and gender, polypharmacy increased the risk of PIMs by both 2003 Beers (OR: 4.0, CI95%: 1.2-13.8, p<0.031) and 2008 STOPP (OR: 6.8, CI95%: 3.0-15.3, p<0.001). Beers and STOPP criteria are important tools to evaluate the exposure to PIMs, which is strongly associated with polypharmacy in elderly outpatients with metabolic diseases

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