Comparison the Effect Insecticide of the Oils of Six Plant Extracts on the Aphids in Alfalfa Green

The green alfalfa is the culture more used as livestock feed in the Ziz Tafilalt region in the south-east of Morocco. But the large aphid pest caused major damage to this culture, which pushes the peasants to use of synthetic insecticides in great quantity during the period of spring and the summer. The major problem in the production of alfalfa is the infestation by aphids. They transmit viruses of the tile to the plants. They are more likely to be a danger in the cool weather. The study presents the effects of products Kanuka, Ravintsara, Tea tree on the one hand and of products Thyme, Oregano, Neem on the other hand on the aphids of green alfalfa.The tests were conducted of the months from May to September on the aphids of the alfalfa fields green. It determines the percentage of deaths of aphids in function of the dose 1% and 5% of these products and the time 3, 7 and 11 hours after treatment. A comparison between the results obtained showed that the Oregano products followed by the Neem and thyme are more active. Keywords: alfalfa, insecticide, aphid, kanuka, ravintsara, tea tree, oregano, thyme, nee

Insecticide Effect of Plant Extracts on Aphids of Watermelon

The watermelon is an important crop in Morocco, an annual plant, originating in the tropical Africa. The consumed part is the mature fruit whose nutritional value is high; it is rich in vitamin and mineral salts. The fruit is used for medicinal purposes (kidneys and cleaning of the urinary tract). In Morocco, the watermelon is cultivated in large quantities in Souss Massa, in Marrakech, in the Loukkos and in Doukkala. A common problem in the production of watermelon is the infestation at the beginning of the season by aphids. They transmit viruses of the tile to the plants. They are more likely to be a problem in the costs time. The presents study is the effects of essential oils (Thyme and Oregano) and vegetable oil (Neem) on aphids of watermelon. The tests have been performed in the months of June to July 2010/2011 on the aphids in the fields of watermelon. It determines the percentage deaths of aphids in function of the dose 0.5 %, 1% and 5% of these products and the time 1, 3, 5, 7 and 11 hours after treatment. These results highlight an activity insecticide on these insects. Keywords: watermelon, insecticide, aphid, neem, oregano, thym

Insecticide Effect of Plant Extracts on Aphids of Watermelon

The watermelon is an important crop in Morocco, an annual plant, originating in the tropical Africa. The consumed part is the mature fruit whose nutritional value is high; it is rich in vitamin and mineral salts. The fruit is used for medicinal purposes (kidneys and cleaning of the urinary tract). In Morocco, the watermelon is cultivated in large quantities in Souss Massa, in Marrakech, in the Loukkos and in Doukkala. A common problem in the production of watermelon is the infestation at the beginning of the season by aphids. They transmit viruses of the tile to the plants. They are more likely to be a problem in the costs time. The presents study is the effects of essential oils (Thyme and Oregano) and vegetable oil (Neem) on aphids of watermelon. The tests have been performed in the months of June to July 2010/2011 on the aphids in the fields of watermelon. It determines the percentage deaths of aphids in function of the dose 0.5 %, 1% and 5% of these products and the time 1, 3, 5, 7 and 11 hours after treatment. These results highlight an activity insecticide on these insects. Keywords: Watermelon, Insecticide, Aphid, Neem, Oregano, Thym

Non-life insurance ratemaking techniques: A literature review of the classic methods

The primary role of insurance is to protect and guarantee individuals' financial safety and security against the financial consequences of random incidents. It involves aggregating a large number of individual risks, among which there will be a certain amount of insurance claims and accumulated losses to the insurance company during a specific timeframe. Furthermore, one of the insurers' main concerns is establishing a tariff structure that distributes these claims and losses among policyholders most equitably and reasonably. This task of determining the pure premium belongs predominantly to actuaries who evaluate the probability of the risk occurrence, determine the risk factors in order to establish commensurate tariffs for each class so that everyone and each pay premium that, in one way or the other, reflects their riskiness. This article provides an overview of the fundamental concepts of ratemaking and reviews the classical statistical techniques used by insurance companies to discriminate tariffs. The article follows the customary actuarial distinction between the two main pricing techniques, namely the a priori and the a posteriori ratemaking techniquesThe primary role of insurance is to protect and guarantee individuals' financial safety and security against the financial consequences of random incidents. It involves aggregating a large number of individual risks, among which there will be a certain amount of insurance claims and accumulated losses to the insurance company during a specific timeframe. Furthermore, one of the insurers' main concerns is establishing a tariff structure that distributes these claims and losses among policyholders most equitably and reasonably. This task of determining the pure premium belongs predominantly to actuaries who evaluate the probability of the risk occurrence, determine the risk factors in order to establish commensurate tariffs for each class so that everyone and each pay premium that, in one way or the other, reflects their riskiness. This article provides an overview of the fundamental concepts of ratemaking and reviews the classical statistical techniques used by insurance companies to discriminate tariffs. The article follows the customary actuarial distinction between the two main pricing techniques, namely the a priori and the a posteriori ratemaking technique