The Influence of Dentin Age and the Presence of Cracks in Removal of the Root Filling Material

Introduction: This study evaluated the removal of the filling material during endodontic retreatment considering the presence of cracks and the dentin age. Methods and Materials: A total of 20 freshly extracted single-rooted teeth were categorized into the following two groups according to the age of the patients: Group Young (Y; aged 18-30 years) and Group Old (O; aged ≥60 years). Each tooth specimen was scanned by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) subsequently after endodontic retreatment with the Reciproc instruments (REC). The images were analyzed for differences in the volume of dentin cracks and the presence of the filling material in the middle and apical thirds of the teeth among the groups, according to the dentin age. Results: The micro-CT images showed that after retreatment, there were more cracks in the old root dentin than those in the young root dentin, although the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The greatest reduction in the filling material was achieved when the old root dentin with cracks was retreated when compared with that of the young root dentin with cracks, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The dentinal age and the presence of cracks were not found to be relevant factors for the removal of the filling material.Keywords: Dentin; Microcomputed Tomography; Retreatmen

Diversidad morfológica mandibular de los monos capuchinos: un análisis morfométrico

La diversificación de los platirrinos a escala macroevolutiva ha sido sistemáticamente estudiada en años recientes. Sin embargo, el origen de la diversidad fenotípica y de taxones observada a escalas filogenéticas menores, p. ej., dentro de los géneros, ha sido menos estudiada. En este contexto, la diversidad de los monos capuchinos ha sido discutida recientemente. Los trabajos previos reconocían un único género y principalmente cuatro especies. En cambio, algunos estudios recientes, empleando datos morfológicos y moleculares, han propuesto dividir el clado en dos géneros (Cebus y Sapajus) y doce especies. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar la variación morfométrica mandibular de las especies de monos capuchinos para discutir este problema. Los resultados obtenidos -empleando microtomografías computadas, técnicas de la morfometría geométrica en 3D y métodos comparativos filogenéticos- muestran que todas las especies estudiadas se encuentran superpuestas a lo largo del eje principal de variación en forma, y que la diferenciación de las especies que recientemente han sido asignadas a los géneros Cebus y Sapajus se relaciona con cambios no alométricos en forma. Muchas de las características asignadas al recientemente propuesto género Sapajus, incluyendo particularmente la robustez de la mandíbula, son observadas en individuos masculinos de especies de ambos géneros. Estos resultados sugieren que las características morfológicas descritas recientemente para diferenciar los géneros de capuchinos deben ser empleadas con cuidado como criterios para generar nuevas propuestas sistemáticas

Perfil clínico e epidemiológico de usuários de serviço especializado de estomaterapia com amputação por neuropatia diabética

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical and epidemiological profile of people with amputation due to diabetic neuropathy, users of an outpatient nursing service in stomatherapy. METHODS: Quantitative descriptive study, carried out in a stoma therapy outpatient clinic of a public hospital in northeastern Brazil. Users participating in a clinical trial were included, whose data were collected between August 2017 and March 2018, through interviews with a structured form and physical examination. The data were tabulated in the Microsoft Excel for Windows® 2016 program and imported into the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0 software, where descriptive analysis and Student’s t test were performed to verify the association between the groups. The results were presented in tables and discussed in support of scientific evidence. RESULTS: Of the 19 individuals included, 63.1% were male, with an average of 67.5 years of age, white, married, retired and with incomplete high school. All of them had comorbidities to diabetes, especially chronic non-communicable diseases, especially hypertension (31.5%) and stroke (21%). In the interview, 73.6% reported the daily consumption of vegetable oil, olive oil and 10 grams of salt. In contrast, fruits, vegetables, meat and fish were widely cited. The physical examination showed that 63.1% of users were overweight and obese and 57.8% had preserved sensitivity for the left lower limb and compromised sensitivity in the right lower limb. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The clinical and sociodemographic profile of users with amputation due to diabetic neuropathy showed, in their majority, men over 60 years of age, retired, married, with income from a salary and incomplete high school. The lifestyle of these people is likely to improve and their health status was regular.OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de pessoas com amputação por neuropatia diabética, usuários de um serviço ambulatorial de enfermagem em estomaterapia. MÉTODOS: Estudo quantitativo descritivo, realizado em um ambulatório de estomaterapia de um hospital público no nordeste brasileiro. Foram incluídos usuários participantes de um ensaio clínico, cujos dados foram coletados entre agosto de 2017 a março de 2018, por meio de entrevista com ficha estruturada e exame físico. Os dados foram tabulados no programa Microsoft Excel for Windows® 2016 e importados para o software Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) versão 25.0, onde se realizou análise descritiva e teste t de Student para verificar associação entre os grupos. Os resultados foram apresentados em tabelas e discutidos em respaldo às evidências científicas. RESULTADOS: Dos 19 indivíduos incluídos, 63,1% eram do sexo masculino, com média de 67,5 anos de idade, brancos, casados, aposentados e com ensino médio incompleto. Todos apresentavam comorbidades à diabetes, destacando-se as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, principalmente hipertensão (31,5%) e acidente vascular cerebral (21%). Na entrevista, 73,6% relataram o consumo diário de óleo vegetal, azeite e 10 gramas de sal. Em contrapartida, frutas, legumes verduras, carnes e peixes foram amplamente citados. O exame físico evidenciou que 63,1% dos usuários estavam com sobrepeso e obesidade e 57,8% obtiveram sensibilidade preservada para o membro inferior esquerdo e sensibilidade comprometida no membro inferior direito. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: O perfil clínico e sociodemográfico dos usuários com amputação por neuropatia diabética mostrou, em sua maioria, homens acima de 60 anos de idade, aposentados, casados, com renda de um salário e ensino médio incompleto. O estilo de vida dessas pessoas é passível de melhora e o estado de saúde apresentava-se regular

Rapid assessment survey for exotic benthic species in the São Sebastião Channel, Brazil

The study of biological invasions can be roughly divided into three parts: detection, monitoring, mitigation. Here, our objectives were to describe the marine fauna of the area of the port of São Sebastião (on the northern coast of the state of São Paulo, in the São Sebastião Channel, SSC) to detect introduced species. Descriptions of the faunal community of the SSC with respect to native and allochthonous (invasive or potentially so) diversity are lacking for all invertebrate groups. Sampling was carried out by specialists within each taxonomic group, in December 2009, following the protocol of the Rapid Assessment Survey (RAS) in three areas with artificial structures as substrates. A total of 142 species were identified (61 native, 15 introduced, 62 cryptogenic, 4 not classified), of which 17 were Polychaeta (12, 1, 1, 3), 24 Ascidiacea (3, 6, 15, 0), 36 Bryozoa (17, 0, 18, 1), 27 Cmdana (2, 1, 24, 0), 20 Crustacea (11, 4, 5, 0), 2 Entoprocta (native), 16 Mollusca (13, 3, 0, 0). Twelve species are new occurrences for the SSC. Among the introduced taxa, two are new for coastal Brazil. Estimates of introduced taxa are conservative as the results of molecular studies suggest that some species previously considered cryptogenic are indeed introduced. We emphasize that the large number of cryptogenic species illustrates the need for a long-term monitoring program, especially in areas most susceptible to bioinvasion. We conclude that rapid assessment studies, even in relatively well-known regions, can be very useful for the detection of introduced species and we recommend that they be carried out on a larger scale in all ports with heavy ship traffic.Center of Marine Biology of the University of São Paulolhabela Yacht ClubCAPES-PROCAD 2007/150FAPESP (2004/09961-4; 2006/58226-0; 2010/06927-0)CAPES (Pró-Equipamentos and Prodoc projects)Boticário FoundationCNPqCAPESFAPESP (2008/10619-0)PNPD/CAPESFACEPE (BCT 0039-1.08/10)NP-BioMar, USPSpecial Issue: “Proceedings of the 3rd Brazilian Congress of Marine Biology”. A.C. Marques, L.V.C. Lotufo, P.C. Paiva, P.T.C. Chaves & S.N. Leitão (Guest Editors

Microct applications in nuclear engineering

A técnica de microtomografia computadorizada por transmissão de raios X vem sendo utilizada na engenharia nuclear como método de ensaio não-destrutivo na área de aplicação de radiosiótopo. Seu aproveitamento ocorre em colaboração com diversas especialidades, tais como odontologia, arqueologia, paleontologia e médica/biológica, as quais foram temáticas do presente estudo. O laboratório de instrumentação pertencente ao Programa de Engenharia Nuclear da COPPE forneceu todo apoio necessário para execução das investigações acadêmicas. Para tal, foi utilizado um equipamento de alta resolução espacial (4-5 μm detectabilidade), podendo ser operado numa faixa de tensão de 40 a 130 kV alcançando potência máxima igual a 8 W. Foram feitas investigações em amostras dentárias, fêmures de ratos, achados arqueológicos e peças paleontólogas, tais como de macacos, ratos, tucano e gambá. Os resultados encontrados em cada exame ajudaram a elucidar várias questões de acordo com cada objetivo, possibilitando a aplicação e a utilização do processamento digital das imagens de microtomografia em questões de praticidade acadêmicas. Aliado a natureza não-destrutiva do ensaio nota-se uma vantagem associada ao alto poder de resolução espacial das imagens adquiridas, fornecendo uma enorme capacitação de mapeamento tridimensional para extração de informações quantitativas

Antimicrobial Analysis of an Antiseptic Made from Ethanol Crude Extracts of P. granatum and E. uniflora in Wistar Rats against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis

Introduction. Surgical site infection remains a challenge for hospital infection control, especially when it relates to skin antisepsis in the surgical site. Objective. To analyze the antimicrobial activity in vivo of an antiseptic from ethanol crude extracts of P. granatum and E. uniflora against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Methods. Agar drilling and minimal inhibitory tests were conducted for in vitro evaluation. In the in vivo bioassay were used Wistar rats and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 14990). Statistical analysis was performed through variance analysis and Scott-Knott cluster test at 5% probability and significance level. Results. In the in vitro, ethanolic extracts of Punica granatum and Eugenia uniflora and their combination showed the best antimicrobial potential against S. epidermidis and S. aureus. In the in vivo bioassay against S. epidermidis, there was no statistically significant difference between the tested product and the patterns used after five minutes of applying the product. Conclusion. The results indicate that the originated product is an antiseptic alternative source against S. epidermidis compared to chlorhexidine gluconate. It is suggested that further researches are to be conducted in different concentrations of the test product, evaluating its effectiveness and operational costs

Mechanical ventilation and death in pregnant patients admitted for COVID-19: a prognostic analysis from the Brazilian COVID-19 registry score

Abstract Background The assessment of clinical prognosis of pregnant COVID-19 patients at hospital presentation is challenging, due to physiological adaptations during pregnancy. Our aim was to assess the performance of the ABC2-SPH score to predict in-hospital mortality and mechanical ventilation support in pregnant patients with COVID-19, to assess the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and characteristics of pregnant women who died. Methods This multicenter cohort included consecutive pregnant patients with COVID-19 admitted to the participating hospitals, from April/2020 to March/2022. Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and the composite outcome of mechanical ventilation support and in-hospital mortality. Secondary endpoints were pregnancy outcomes. The overall discrimination of the model was presented as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Overall performance was assessed using the Brier score. Results From 350 pregnant patients (median age 30 [interquartile range (25.2, 35.0)] years-old]), 11.1% had hypertensive disorders, 19.7% required mechanical ventilation support and 6.0% died. The AUROC for in-hospital mortality and for the composite outcome were 0.809 (95% IC: 0.641–0.944) and 0.704 (95% IC: 0.617–0.792), respectively, with good overall performance (Brier = 0.0384 and 0.1610, respectively). Calibration was good for the prediction of in-hospital mortality, but poor for the composite outcome. Women who died had a median age 4 years-old higher, higher frequency of hypertensive disorders (38.1% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.001) and obesity (28.6% vs. 10.6%, p = 0.025) than those who were discharged alive, and their newborns had lower birth weight (2000 vs. 2813, p = 0.001) and five-minute Apgar score (3.0 vs. 8.0, p < 0.001). Conclusions The ABC2-SPH score had good overall performance for in-hospital mortality and the composite outcome mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality. Calibration was good for the prediction of in-hospital mortality, but it was poor for the composite outcome. Therefore, the score may be useful to predict in-hospital mortality in pregnant patients with COVID-19, in addition to clinical judgment. Newborns from women who died had lower birth weight and Apgar score than those who were discharged alive

Relações entre profissionais de saúde e usuários durante as práticas em saúde Relationships between health professionals and users throughout health care practices

Apresenta-se uma revisão integrativa sobre estudos que abordam as relações entre profissionais de saúde e usuários durante as práticas em saúde. Objetivou-se identificar os aspectos pesquisados no cotidiano dos serviços acerca dessas relações. A coleta foi realizada nas bases Lilacs e Pubmed segundo os descritores: acolhimento; relações profissional-família; relações profissional-paciente; humanização da assistência; e a palavra 'vínculo' associada ao descritor Sistema Único de Saúde. Selecionaram-se 290 estudos publicados entre 1990 e 2010. Por meio da análise temática, foram criados cinco núcleos de sentido: a relevância da confiança na relação profissional-usuário; sentimentos e sentidos na prática do cuidado; a importância da comunicação nos serviços de saúde; modo de organização das práticas em saúde; e (des)colonialismo. Identificou-se que as relações estabelecidas nas práticas de saúde têm uma dimensão transformadora. No entanto, permanece o desafio de humanizar os serviços de saúde. A enfermagem se destaca na produção do conhecimento nessa temática.<br>This article presents an integrative review about studies that address the relationships between health professionals and users in health care practices. It aimed to identify aspects that were researched on the daily life of the services concerning such relationships. Data were collected from the Lilacs and Pubmed databases based on these descriptors: user embracement; professionalfamily relations; professionalpatient relations; humanization of the care; and the bonding word associated to the Single Health System descriptor. Two hundred and ninety studies, published from 1990 to 2010, were selected. Through thematic analyses, five meaning cores were created: the relevance of the confidence in the professionaluser relationship; feelings and senses in the health care practice; the importance of communications in health care services; ways to organize health care practices and (de)colonialism. It was found that relationships established in health care practices have a transformative dimension. However, the challenge to humanize health care services remains. Nursing stands out in the production of knowledge on such theme