9,538 research outputs found
Magnetic flux density and the critical field in the intermediate state of type-I superconductors
To address unsolved fundamental problems of the intermediate state (IS), the
equilibrium magnetic flux structure and the critical field in a high purity
type-I superconductor (indium film) are investigated using magneto-optical
imaging with a 3D vector magnet and electrical transport measurements. The
least expected observation is that the critical field in the IS can be as small
as nearly 40% of the thermodynamic critical field . This indicates that
the flux density in the \textit{bulk} of normal domains can be
\textit{considerably} less than , in apparent contradiction with the long
established paradigm, stating that the normal phase is unstable below .
Here we present a novel theoretical model consistently describing this and
\textit{all} other properties of the IS. Moreover, our model, based the
rigorous thermodynamic treatment of observed laminar flux structure in a tilted
field, allows for a \textit{quantitative} determination of the domain-wall
parameter and the coherence length, and provides new insight into the
properties of all superconductors.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
AMBER and CRIRES observations of the binary sgB[e] star HD 327083: evidence of a gaseous disc traced by CO bandhead emission
HD 327083 is a sgB[e] star that forms a binary system with an orbital
semi-major axis of ~1.7 AU. Our previous observations using the VLTI and AMBER
in the medium resolution K-band mode spatially resolved the environment of HD
327083. The continuum visibilities obtained indicate the presence of a
circumbinary disc. CO bandhead emission was also observed. However, due to the
limited spectral resolution of the previous observations, the kinematic
structure of the emitting material was not constrained. In this paper, we
address this and probe the source of the CO emission with high spectral
resolution and spatial precision. We have observed HD 327083 with high spectral
resolution (25 & 6 km/s) using AMBER and CRIRES. The observations are compared
to kinematical models to constrain the source of the emission. It is shown that
the CO bandhead emission can be reproduced using a model of a Keplerian disc
with an inclination and size consistent with our previous VLTI observations.
The model is compared to AMBER differential phase measurements, which have a
precision as high as 30-micro-arcseconds. A differential phase signal
corresponding to 0.15 milli-arcseconds (~5 sigma) is seen over the bandhead
emission, which is in excellent agreement with the model that fits the CRIRES
observations. In comparison, a model of an equatorial outflow, as envisaged in
the standard sgB[e] scenario, does not reproduce the observations well. The
excellent agreement between the disc model and observations in the spatial and
spectral domains is compelling evidence that the CO bandhead emission of HD
327083 originates in a circumbinary Keplerian disc. In contrast, the model of
an equatorial outflow cannot reproduce the observations well. This suggests
that the standard sgB[e] scenario is not applicable to HD 327083, which
supports the hypothesis that the B[e] behaviour of HD 327083 is due to binarity
(ABRIDGED).Comment: Accepted for publication in A&
Rigid N=2 superconformal hypermultiplets
We discuss superconformally invariant systems of hypermultiplets coupled to
gauge fields associated with target-space isometries.Comment: Invited talk given at the International Seminar "Supersymmetries and
Quantum Symmetries", July 1997, Dubna. Latex, 9 p
Towards micro-arcsecond spatial resolution with Air Cherenkov Telescope arrays as optical intensity interferometers
In this poster contribution we highlight the equivalence between an Imaging
Air Cherenkov Telescope (IACT) array and an Intensity Interferometer for a
range of technical requirements. We touch on the differences between a
Michelson and an Intensity Interferometer and give a brief overview of the
current IACT arrays, their upgrades and next generation concepts (CTA, AGIS,
completion 2015). The latter are foreseen to include 30-90 telescopes that will
provide 400-4000 different baselines that range in length between 50m and a
kilometre. Intensity interferometry with such arrays of telescopes attains 50
micro-arcseconds resolution for a limiting V magnitude of ~8.5. This technique
opens the possibility of a wide range of studies, amongst others, probing the
stellar surface activity and the dynamic AU scale circumstellar environment of
stars in various crucial evolutionary stages. Here we discuss possibilities for
using IACT arrays as optical Intensity Interferometers.Comment: Appeared in the proceedings of "The Universe under the Microscope -
Astrophysics at High Angular Resolution", Journal of Physics:Conference
Series (IOP; http://www.iop.org/EJ/toc/1742-6596/131/1
Іван Іларіонович Лукінов: життя і діяльність у документах (за матеріалами особового фонду в Інституті архівознавства НБУВ)
Запропонований аналіз складу документів особового архівного фонду вченого в галузі економіки – академіка НАН України, РАН та інших академій І.І. Лукінова, який зберігається в Інституті архівознавства НБУВ. Розглядаються джерельні можливості фонду у вивченні і відтворенні біографії та діяльності вченого, його участі у розробленні теоретичних засад формування економіки УРСР та незалежної України.An analysis of the document collection of the personal archive fund of
I.I. Lukinov, a scientist in the field of economy, Academician of the NAS of
Ukraine, the RAN and other academies, preserved at the Institute of the archive science of the V.I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine is suggested.
The source possibilities of the fund regarding the studies and reconstruction
of the biography and activities of the researcher, his participation in development of the theory of the economy formation of the USSR and the independent Ukraine are investigated
Electric and magnetic charges in N=2 conformal supergravity theories
General Lagrangians are constructed for N=2 conformal supergravity theories
in four space-time dimensions involving gauge groups with abelian and/or
non-abelian electric and magnetic charges. The charges are encoded in the gauge
group embedding tensor. The scalar potential induced by the gauge interactions
is quadratic in this tensor, and, when the embedding tensor is treated as a
spurionic quantity, it is formally covariant with respect to electric/magnetic
duality. This work establishes a general framework for studying any deformation
induced by gauge interactions of matter-coupled N=2 supergravity theories. As
an application, full and residual supersymmetry realizations in maximally
symmetric space-times are reviewed. Furthermore, a general classification is
presented of supersymmetric solutions in
space-times. As it turns out, these solutions allow either eight or four
supersymmetries. With four supersymmetries, the spinorial parameters are
Killing spinors of that are constant on , so that they
carry no spin, while the bosonic background is rotationally invariant.Comment: 49 pages, typos correcte
The Gaugings of Maximal D=6 Supergravity
We construct the most general gaugings of the maximal D=6 supergravity. The
theory is (2,2) supersymmetric, and possesses an on-shell SO(5,5) duality
symmetry which plays a key role in determining its couplings. The field content
includes 16 vector fields that carry a chiral spinor representation of the
duality group. We utilize the embedding tensor method which determines the
appropriate combinations of these vectors that participate in gauging of a
suitable subgroup of SO(5,5). The construction also introduces the magnetic
duals of the 5 two-form potentials and 16 vector fields.Comment: 34 pages, latex, reference added, typo's corrected and minor
improvements mad
Probing discs around massive young stellar objects with CO first overtone emission
We present high resolution (R~50,000) spectroastrometry over the CO 1st
overtone bandhead of a sample of seven intermediate/massive young stellar
objects. These are primarily drawn from the red MSX source (RMS) survey, a
systematic search for young massive stars which has returned a large, well
selected sample of such objects. The mean luminosity of the sample is
approximately 5 times 10^4 L_\odot, indicating the objects typically have a
mass of ~15 solar masses. We fit the observed bandhead profiles with a model of
a circumstellar disc, and find good agreement between the models and
observations for all but one object. We compare the high angular precision
(0.2-0.8 mas) spectroastrometric data to the spatial distribution of the
emitting material in the best-fitting models. No spatial signatures of discs
are detected, which is entirely consistent with the properties of the
best-fitting models. Therefore, the observations suggest that the CO bandhead
emission of massive young stellar objects originates in small-scale disks, in
agreement with previous work. This provides further evidence that massive stars
form via disc accretion, as suggested by recent simulations.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
Comparison of Generic and Proprietary Sodium Stibogluconate for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Kenya.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the use of generic and proprietary sodium stibogluconate for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar). METHODS: A total of 102 patients with confirmed kala-azar were treated in a mission hospital in West Pokot region, Kenya, with sodium stibogluconate (20 mg/kg/day for 30 days)--either as Pentostam (PSM) or generic sodium stibogluconate (SSG); 51 patients were allocated alternately to each treatment group. FINDINGS: There were no significant differences in baseline demographic characteristics or disease severity, or in events during treatment. There were 3 deaths in the PSM group and 1 in the SSG group; 2 patients defaulted in each group. Only 1 out of 80 test-of-cure splenic aspirates was positive for Leishmania spp.; this patient was in the SSG group. Follow-up after > or = 6 months showed that 6 out of 58 patients had relapsed, 5 in the SSG group and 1 in the PSM group. No outcome variable was significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The availability of cheaper generic sodium stibogluconate, subject to rigid quality controls, now makes it possible for the health authorities in kala-azar endemic areas to provide treatment to many more patients in Africa
A method for mechanical generation of radio frequency fields in nuclear magnetic resonance force microscopy
We present an innovative method for magnetic resonance force microscopy
(MRFM) with ultra-low dissipation, by using the higher modes of the mechanical
detector as radio frequency (rf) source. This method allows MRFM on samples
without the need to be close to an rf source. Furthermore, since rf sources
require currents that give dissipation, our method enables nuclear magnetic
resonance experiments at ultra-low temperatures. Removing the need for an
on-chip rf source is an important step towards a MRFM which can be widely used
in condensed matter physics.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, to be submitted to Physical Review Applie
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