Определение интервалов квазистационарности экономических систем

В работе рассмотрен вопрос определения оптимального интервала адаптации алгоритма динамического управления капиталом для нестационарного случая методами расчета показателя Херста и построения автокорреляционной функции для анализа временных рядов. Проведен анализ влияния выбора интервала адаптации на эффективность алгоритма. Из анализа полученных результатов следует, что метод расчета показателя Херста позволяет более эффективно, чем метод построения автокорреляционной функции, определить интервал стационарности модели функционирования экономической системы.Робота присвячена питанню визначення оптимального інтервалу адаптації алгоритму динамічного керування капіталом для нестаціонарного випадку за допомогою методів розрахунку показника Херста і побудови автокореляційної функції задля аналізу часових рядів. Проведено аналіз впливу вибору інтервалу адаптації на ефективність алгоритму. Порівняння результатів проведеного аналізу дозволяє стверджувати, що метод розрахунку показника Херста дозволяє більш ефективно, ніж метод побудови автокореляційної функції, визначити інтервал стаціонарності моделі функціонування економічної системи

Clopidogrel in noncarriers of CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles versus ticagrelor in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome: a pre-specified sub analysis from the POPular Genetics and POPular Age trials CYP2C19 alleles in elderly patients

Background: Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who are carrying CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles derive less benefit from clopidogrel treatment. Despite this, in elderly patients, clopidogrel might be preferred over more potent P2Y12 inhibitors due to a lower bleeding risk. Whether CYP2C19 genotype-guided antiplatelet treatment in the elderly could be of benefit has not been studied specifically.Methods: Patients aged 70 years and older with known CYP2C19*2 and *3 genotype were identified from the POPular Genetics and POPular Age trials. Noncarriers of loss-of-function alleles treated with clopidogrel were compared to patients, irrespective of CYP2C19 genotype, treated with ticagrelor and to clopidogrel treated carriers of loss-of-function alleles. We assessed net clinical benefit (all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke and Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) major bleeding), atherothrombotic outcomes (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke) and bleeding outcomes (PLATO major and minor bleeding).Results: A total of 991 patients were assessed. There was no significant difference in net clinical benefit (17.2% vs. 15.1%, adjusted hazard ratio (adjHR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77-1.44), atherothrombotic outcomes (9.7% vs. 9.2%, adjHR 1.00, 95%CI 0.66-1.50), and bleeding outcomes (17.7% vs. 19.8%, adjHR 0.80, 95%CI 0.62-1.12) between clopidogrel in noncarriers of loss-of-function alleles and ticagrelor respectively.Conclusion: In ACS patients aged 70 years and older, there was no significant difference in net clinical benefit and atherothrombotic outcomes between noncarriers of a loss-of-function allele treated with clopidogrel and pa-tients treated with ticagrelor. The bleeding rate was numerically; though not statistically significant, lower in pa-tients using clopidogrel.(c) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.Cardiolog

Preintervention lesion remodelling affects operative mechanisms of balloon optimised directional coronary atherectomy procedures: a volumetric study with three dimensional intravascular ultrasound

AIMS—To classify atherosclerotic coronary lesions on the basis of adequate or inadequate compensatory vascular enlargement, and to examine changes in lumen, plaque, and vessel volumes during balloon optimised directional coronary atherectomy procedures in relation to the state of adaptive remodelling before the intervention.
DESIGN—29 lesion segments in 29 patients were examined with intravascular ultrasound before and after successful balloon optimised directional coronary atherectomy procedures, and a validated volumetric intravascular ultrasound analysis was performed off-line to assess the atherosclerotic lesion remodelling and changes in plaque and vessel volumes that occurred during the intervention. Based on the intravascular ultrasound data, lesions were classified according to whether there was inadequate (group I) or adequate (group II) compensatory enlargement.
RESULTS—There was no significant difference in patient and lesion characteristics between groups I and II (n = 10 and 19), including lesion length and details of the intervention. Quantitative coronary angiographic data were similar for both groups. However, plaque and vessel volumes were significantly smaller in group I than in II. In group I, 9 (4)% (mean (SD)) of the plaque volume was ablated, while in group II 16 (11)% was ablated (p = 0.01). This difference was reflected in a lower lumen volume gain in group I than in group II (46 (18) mm(3) v 80 (49) mm(3) (p < 0.02)).
CONCLUSIONS—Preintervention lesion remodelling has an impact on the operative mechanisms of balloon optimised directional coronary atherectomy procedures. Plaque ablation was found to be particularly low in lesions with inadequate compensatory vascular enlargement.


Keywords: intravascular ultrasound; ultrasonics; remodelling; coronary artery disease; atherectom

Atherosclerotic coronary lesions with inadequate compensatory enlargement have smaller plaque and vessel volumes: observations with three dimensional intravascular ultrasound in vivo

Objective—To compare vessel, lumen, and plaque volumes in atherosclerotic coronary lesions with inadequate compensatory enlargement versus lesions with adequate compensatory enlargement.
Design—35 angiographically significant coronary lesions were examined by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) during motorised transducer pullback. Segments 20 mm in length were analysed using a validated automated three dimensional analysis system. IVUS was used to classify lesions as having inadequate (group I) or adequate (group II) compensatory enlargement.
Results—There was no significant difference in quantitative angiographic measurements and the IVUS minimum lumen cross sectional area between groups I (n = 15) and II (n = 20). In group I, the vessel cross sectional area was 13.3 (3.0) mm(2) at the lesion site and 14.4 (3.6) mm(2) at the distal reference (p < 0.01), whereas in group II it was 17.5 (5.6) mm(2) at the lesion site and 14.0 (6.0) mm(2) at the distal reference (p < 0.001). Vessel and plaque cross sectional areas were significantly smaller in group I than in group II (13.3 (3.0) v 17.5 (5.6) mm(2), p < 0.01; and 10.9 (2.8) v 15.2 (4.9) mm(2), p < 0.005). Similarly, vessel and plaque volume were smaller in group I (291.0 (61.0) v 353.7 (110.0) mm(3), and 177.5 (48.4) v 228.0 (92.8) mm(3), p < 0.05 for both). Lumen areas and volumes were similar.
Conclusions—In lesions with inadequate compensatory enlargement, both vessel and plaque volume appear to be smaller than in lesions with adequate compensatory enlargement.

 Keywords: intravascular ultrasound;  ultrasonics;  remodelling;  coronary artery diseas

Management and Good Laboratory Practice at the Division Biological Evaluation of Drug effects of the Central Animal Laboratory

The department BES (Biological Evaluation of Drug Effects) carries out animal studies for RIVM laboratories, whose commitment to GLP makes it necessary for BES also to comply with GLP. Compliance is assured by means of a quality system laid down in a quality handbook quaranteeing the consistent quality of the department products. The elements of the BES quality system are documented in this report under the following headings: - quality targets and management organisation - survey of areas of competence and of stoff qualifications - equipment inventory - goods and services available - standard operating procedures. Furthermore a general servey is presented of those co-operative arrangements necessary for optimal departmental organization.RIV

Multivariable analysis including patients within 3 hours of symptom onset (n = 197).

<p>Clinical model: Age, sex, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, family history of CVD, current and former smoking, diabetes mellitus, and history of MI, PCI or CABG, and ECG. Abbreviations: hs-cTnT, high-sensitive cardiac troponin; PlGF, placental growth factor; sFlt-1, soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1; NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone B-type Natriuretic Peptide; GDF-15, growth differentiation factor-15; AUC, area under the receiver operating curve (ROC); CI, confidence interval.</p><p>*adjusted for over-optimism</p><p>** compared to the Clinical model</p><p>*** compared to the Clinical model + hs-cTnT</p><p>Multivariable analysis including patients within 3 hours of symptom onset (n = 197).</p