Leishmaniose tegumentar americana em cães no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Avaliação do risco epidemiológico usando como ferramenta a reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR)

Orientador : Profª. Drª. Vanete Thomaz SoccolCo-orientador : Prof. Dr. ItaLmar Teodorico NavarroTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos Biotecnológicos. Defesa: Curitiba, 07/07/2010Inclui referências : f. 18-21-52-58-81-88-115-119Área de concentração: Saúde Humana e AnimalResum

Saúde única, Terapia Comunitária Integrativa e covid-19: uma imersão fraternal em “um mundo, uma saúde”

In an attempt to verify the points of convergence between One Health, Integrative Community Therapy (ICT) and aspects of the COVID-19 Pandemic, a critical essay was proposed, through a qualitative approach that aimed to bring an interdisciplinary, interprofessional and intersectoral reading on the subject. To better understand the concepts and practical aspects of One Health and ICT, it was proposed the adaptation of One Health Umbrella’s figure, with elements of the ICT. The approach of One Health and ICT in face of globalization, the aspects of its complexity and the individual and collective empowerment to reach the administrative spheres, both in the elaboration of the planning and in the definition of the protocols that, as a rule, touch the citizen's skin. Therefore, One Health and ICT are articulated around a unique and fraternal vision of life.En un intento por verificar los puntos de convergencia entre Salud Única, Terapia Comunitaria Integradora (TCI) y los aspectos de la pandemia de COVID-19, se propuso un trabajo crítico de tipo ensayo, con un enfoque cualitativo que pretendió aportar una lectura interdisciplinaria, interprofesional e intersectorial sobre el tema. Para comprender mejor los conceptos y aspectos prácticos de la Salud Única y la TCI se propuso adaptar la figura de la “Sombrilla de Salud Única” con elementos de la TCI. El enfoque de la Salud Única y la TCI frente a la globalización, los aspectos de su complejidad y el empoderamiento individual y colectivo para llegar a las esferas administrativas, tanto en la elaboración de la planificación como en la definición de los protocolos que, por regla general, tocan la piel del ciudadano. Por lo tanto, la Salud Única y la TCI se articulan en torno a una visión única y fraternal de la vida.Na tentativa de verificar os pontos de convergência entre a Saúde Única, Terapia Comunitária Integrativa (TCI) e aspectos da Pandemia de COVID-19, foi proposto um trabalho do tipo ensaio crítico, com abordagem qualitativa que teve por finalidade trazer uma leitura interdisciplinar, interprofissional e intersetorial sobre o assunto. Para melhor compreensão dos conceitos e aspectos práticos da Saúde Única e TCI foi proposta a adaptação da figura do “Guarda-Chuva da Saúde Única” com elementos da TCI. A abordagem da Saúde Única e TCI frente a globalização, os aspectos de sua complexidade e o empoderamento individual e coletivo para alcançar as esferas administrativas, tanto na elaboração do planejamento quanto na definição dos protocolos que, via de regra, tocam a pele do cidadão. Portanto, a Saúde Única e a TCI se articulam em torno de uma visão única e fraterna da vida

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium in ruminants and observation of natural infection by Cryptosporidium andersoni in sheep from Paraná, Brazil

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify Cryptosporidium species found in cattle and sheep in Paraná, southern region of Brazil. Individual fecal samples from 458 bovines and 101 sheep were submitted for molecular analysis by PCR and nested PCR using specific primers for sequences of the 18S ribosomal unit (rRNA). Positive samples were analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), followed by genetic sequencing for species confirmation. The occurrence of Cryptosporidium was 11.27% (63/559). The highest occurrence was detected in lambs (12/59, 20.33%). From the 63 positive samples, it was possible to identify the species in 58 of them by RFLP and genetic sequencing. Five species of Cryptosporidium were identified: Cryptosporidium andersoni, Cryptosporidium bovis, Cryptosporidium ryanae, Cryptosporidium xiaoi, and Cryptosporidium parvum. The most prevalent species was C. andersoni (41.38%) and the least predominant was C. parvum (10.34%). The most abundant species of Cryptosporidium in dairy calves were C. andersoni (11/25) and C. ryanae (6/25). Of the 17 positive sheep, nine (52.94%) were infected with C. andersoni. This finding is the first report on the occurrence of C. andersoni in naturally infected sheep in Brazil and the first observation of a high absolute occurrence of this Cryptosporidium species in sheep

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Saúde única, Terapia Comunitária Integrativa e covid-19: uma imersão fraternal em “um mundo, uma saúde”

In an attempt to verify the points of convergence between One Health, Integrative Community Therapy (ICT) and aspects of the COVID-19 Pandemic, a critical essay was proposed, through a qualitative approach that aimed to bring an interdisciplinary, interprofessional and intersectoral reading on the subject. To better understand the concepts and practical aspects of One Health and ICT, it was proposed the adaptation of One Health Umbrella’s figure, with elements of the ICT. The approach of One Health and ICT in face of globalization, the aspects of its complexity and the individual and collective empowerment to reach the administrative spheres, both in the elaboration of the planning and in the definition of the protocols that, as a rule, touch the citizen's skin. Therefore, One Health and ICT are articulated around a unique and fraternal vision of life.Na tentativa de verificar os pontos de convergência entre a Saúde Única, Terapia Comunitária Integrativa (TCI) e aspectos da Pandemia de COVID-19, foi proposto um trabalho do tipo ensaio crítico, com abordagem qualitativa que teve por finalidade trazer uma leitura interdisciplinar, interprofissional e intersetorial sobre o assunto. Para melhor compreensão dos conceitos e aspectos práticos da Saúde Única e TCI foi proposta a adaptação da figura do “Guarda-Chuva da Saúde Única” com elementos da TCI. A abordagem da Saúde Única e TCI frente a globalização, os aspectos de sua complexidade e o empoderamento individual e coletivo para alcançar as esferas administrativas, tanto na elaboração do planejamento quanto na definição dos protocolos que, via de regra, tocam a pele do cidadão. Portanto, a Saúde Única e a TCI se articulam em torno de uma visão única e fraterna da vida.En un intento por verificar los puntos de convergencia entre Salud Única, Terapia Comunitaria Integradora (TCI) y los aspectos de la pandemia de COVID-19, se propuso un trabajo crítico de tipo ensayo, con un enfoque cualitativo que pretendió aportar una lectura interdisciplinaria, interprofesional e intersectorial sobre el tema. Para comprender mejor los conceptos y aspectos prácticos de la Salud Única y la TCI se propuso adaptar la figura de la “Sombrilla de Salud Única” con elementos de la TCI. El enfoque de la Salud Única y la TCI frente a la globalización, los aspectos de su complejidad y el empoderamiento individual y colectivo para llegar a las esferas administrativas, tanto en la elaboración de la planificación como en la definición de los protocolos que, por regla general, tocan la piel del ciudadano. Por lo tanto, la Salud Única y la TCI se articulan en torno a una visión única y fraternal de la vida

Senciência, bioética e bem estar animal: conceitos que necessitam ser discutidos no ensino superior para mudar o paradigma na forma de ensinar e pesquisar

This study investigated the knowledge of students of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences of the State University of Northern Paraná, Campus Luiz Meneghel, on the ethical and legal guidelines of animal experimentation, as well as the possibility of substitute methods for using sentient animals in classes and scientific practices. The research involved 162 freshman students and graduating students, aged 17 to 32 years. The students responded to the questionnaire containing objective and subjective questions, and the answers were analysed by descriptive statistics. It was observed that 87% of the students were unaware of the concept of the “3Rs” and 81.5% did not know the existence of alternative methods that can replace the use of live animals in studies. In addition, only 24.7% of respondents reported they had studied “bioethics” before graduation. However, 94.3% and 96.2% of the students from veterinary medicine and biological sciences, respectively, considered it important to insert animal welfare and bioethics in the curriculum of such courses. The results demonstrated that the ethical and statutory guidelines that rule the use of animals in scientific experiments and in classes are unknown even among senior students and there is still great resistance to the exclusion of animal models. Thus, it is important that animal welfare and bioethics remain in the curriculum in higher education through the insertion of such subjects, even as elective courses that aim to work with methodologies and innovative strategies in synergistic action with ethics committees for animal use, which are responsible for analysing, guiding and supervising the relevance of animal use in education and research. Therefore, the curriculum will be able to achieve rationalization in the use of animal models, the sustainable and “humanitarian” development of teaching and research, and the training of more conscious and ethical professionals, perceptions that must be achieved through a national education curriculum. Este trabalho investigou o conhecimento dos estudantes de Medicina Veterinária e de Ciências Biológicas, da Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná – Campus Luiz Meneghel, sobre as diretrizes éticas e legais da experimentação animal, bem como a possibilidade de substituição dos animais sencientes no ensino e na pesquisa. Foram entrevistados 162 discentes, dentre os quais ingressantes e concluintes dos referidos cursos, com idade entre 17 e 32 anos. No final do período letivo, concluindo as disciplinas curriculares do primeiro ou do último ano, os discentes responderam a perguntas objetivas e subjetivas, que foram analisadas por estatística descritiva. Observou-se que aproximadamente 87% dos discentes desconheciam os conceitos dos “3Rs” e que 81,5% desconheciam métodos alternativos que poderiam substituir o uso de animais vivos em estudos; apenas 24,7% afirmaram ter estudado bioética ao longo da graduação. Contudo, 94,3% e 96,2% dos discentes, respectivamente, de Medicina Veterinária e de Ciências Biológicas consideraram importante a oferta periódica de disciplina optativa que abordasse o bem estar animal e a bioética. Os resultados demonstraram, inclusive dentre os formandos, desconhecimento das diretrizes éticas e legais que norteiam o uso do animal em experimentos didático-científicos e que ainda há grande resistência na substituição de modelos animais. Assim, no ensino superior é importante manter na grade curricular, mesmo que de forma optativa, disciplina que aborde a bioética e o bem-estar animal e que propicie ampla discussão e reflexão sobre o tema. Além disso, não menos importante, é necessário maior envolvimento dos docentes, abordando o assunto em todas as disciplinas do curso, quando for oportuno. Com isto, esperar-se-á maior racionalização dos modelos animais, tanto no ensino quanto na pesquisa e maior conhecimento por parte dos discentes, quer sejam calouros ou formandos. Desta forma, o desenvolvimento sustentável e humanitário do ensino superior poderá refletir na formação de profissionais mais conscientes e éticos, perspectivas estas que devem ser tidas como meta na educação nacional

Reduction of cardiac imaging tests during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Italy. Findings from the IAEA Non-invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Background: In early 2020, COVID-19 massively hit Italy, earlier and harder than any other European country. This caused a series of strict containment measures, aimed at blocking the spread of the pandemic. Healthcare delivery was also affected when resources were diverted towards care of COVID-19 patients, including intensive care wards. Aim of the study: The aim is assessing the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac imaging in Italy, compare to the Rest of Europe (RoE) and the World (RoW). Methods: A global survey was conducted in May–June 2020 worldwide, through a questionnaire distributed online. The survey covered three periods: March and April 2020, and March 2019. Data from 52 Italian centres, a subset of the 909 participating centres from 108 countries, were analyzed. Results: In Italy, volumes decreased by 67% in March 2020, compared to March 2019, as opposed to a significantly lower decrease (p &lt; 0.001) in RoE and RoW (41% and 40%, respectively). A further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 summed up to 76% for the North, 77% for the Centre and 86% for the South. When compared to the RoE and RoW, this further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 in Italy was significantly less (p = 0.005), most likely reflecting the earlier effects of the containment measures in Italy, taken earlier than anywhere else in the West. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic massively hit Italy and caused a disruption of healthcare services, including cardiac imaging studies. This raises concern about the medium- and long-term consequences for the high number of patients who were denied timely diagnoses and the subsequent lifesaving therapies and procedures

Impact of COVID-19 on Diagnostic Cardiac Procedural Volume in Oceania: The IAEA Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Objectives: The INCAPS COVID Oceania study aimed to assess the impact caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac procedure volume provided in the Oceania region. Methods: A retrospective survey was performed comparing procedure volumes within March 2019 (pre-COVID-19) with April 2020 (during first wave of COVID-19 pandemic). Sixty-three (63) health care facilities within Oceania that perform cardiac diagnostic procedures were surveyed, including a mixture of metropolitan and regional, hospital and outpatient, public and private sites, and 846 facilities outside of Oceania. The percentage change in procedure volume was measured between March 2019 and April 2020, compared by test type and by facility. Results: In Oceania, the total cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was reduced by 52.2% from March 2019 to April 2020, compared to a reduction of 75.9% seen in the rest of the world (p&lt;0.001). Within Oceania sites, this reduction varied significantly between procedure types, but not between types of health care facility. All procedure types (other than stress cardiac magnetic resonance [CMR] and positron emission tomography [PET]) saw significant reductions in volume over this time period (p&lt;0.001). In Oceania, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) decreased by 51.6%, transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) by 74.0%, and stress tests by 65% overall, which was more pronounced for stress electrocardiograph (ECG) (81.8%) and stress echocardiography (76.7%) compared to stress single-photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) (44.3%). Invasive coronary angiography decreased by 36.7% in Oceania. Conclusion: A significant reduction in cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was seen across all facility types in Oceania and was likely a function of recommendations from cardiac societies and directives from government to minimise spread of COVID-19 amongst patients and staff. Longer term evaluation is important to assess for negative patient outcomes which may relate to deferral of usual models of care within cardiology

International Impact of COVID-19 on the Diagnosis of Heart Disease

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected diagnosis and treatment of noncommunicable diseases. Its effects on delivery of diagnostic care for cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of death worldwide, have not been quantified. Objectives: The study sought to assess COVID-19's impact on global cardiovascular diagnostic procedural volumes and safety practices. Methods: The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey assessing alterations in cardiovascular procedure volumes and safety practices resulting from COVID-19. Noninvasive and invasive cardiac testing volumes were obtained from participating sites for March and April 2020 and compared with those from March 2019. Availability of personal protective equipment and pandemic-related testing practice changes were ascertained. Results: Surveys were submitted from 909 inpatient and outpatient centers performing cardiac diagnostic procedures, in 108 countries. Procedure volumes decreased 42% from March 2019 to March 2020, and 64% from March 2019 to April 2020. Transthoracic echocardiography decreased by 59%, transesophageal echocardiography 76%, and stress tests 78%, which varied between stress modalities. Coronary angiography (invasive or computed tomography) decreased 55% (p &lt; 0.001 for each procedure). In multivariable regression, significantly greater reduction in procedures occurred for centers in countries with lower gross domestic product. Location in a low-income and lower–middle-income country was associated with an additional 22% reduction in cardiac procedures and less availability of personal protective equipment and telehealth. Conclusions: COVID-19 was associated with a significant and abrupt reduction in cardiovascular diagnostic testing across the globe, especially affecting the world's economically challenged. Further study of cardiovascular outcomes and COVID-19–related changes in care delivery is warranted