O PARQUE INDÍGENA DO XINGU E ADJACÊNCIAS: Artes, Culturas e Domínios Fitogeográficos em confluência

Esta pesquisa objetiva identificar as áreas de disjunção entre os domínios fitogeográficos Amazônico e Cerrado, bem como as fitofisionomias características deste último presentes na região do Parque Indígena do Xingu (PIX), tendo em vista o mapeamento e a análise dos povos indígenas que nele vivem, e também em suas adjacências, com foco em suas artes e culturas mais expressivas na atualidade. Acreditase que estes povos podem apresentar semelhanças, quanto à cultura material, com outros povos do Cerrado; é o que se pretende averiguar enquanto hipótese de trabalho; além dequestionar a ideia de homogeneidade cultural entre as onze etnias que vivem atualmente no Alto Xingu. Os eixos norteadores deste estudo possibilitaram o conhecimento e a análise da obra Karl von den Steinen. Um século de antropologia no Xingu, organizado por Vera Penteado Coelho (1993), que disponibiliza vários estudos sobre o PIX, seus povos, culturas, artes e territórios. A partir de um diálogo profícuo entre a História, a Geografia, a Biologia e a Antropologia, buscou-se melhor situar as regiões de domínios de Cerrados no interior do Parque, através de pesquisa cartográfica e documental. A evidente separação florística das florestas da região amazônica, do Cerrado e aquelas situadas na região de tensão ecológica mostra que a distância geográfica e a heterogeneidade ambiental atuam sobre a distribuição das espécies ao longo dos trechos florestais destas paisagens. O fato de onze povos distintos, no Alto Xingu, e outros cinco, localizados no Baixo e Médio Xingu, e que ao todo comportam as dezesseis etnias do Parque Indígena do Xingu, estarem dividindo o mesmo território, estabelecerem trocas culturais recorrentemente e terem, ao longo do tempo, apreendido a fazer coisas similarmente às que outros grupos desse mesmo aglomerado fazem, não significa que determinadas diferenças não tenham permanecido, isto é, embora existam semelhanças culturais entre eles, não se pode pensar em ausência de diferenças e em homogeneidade cultural absoluta. &nbsp

O que as revisões sistemáticas dizem sobre o impacto da cirurgia robótica na neurocirurgia?

Introduction: Neurosurgery, with its intricate complexities and demands for extreme precision, has been shaped and transformed over the years by the constant evolution of medical technology. Methodology: The methodology adopted for this work involved a systematic literature review focused on specific MESH descriptors, conducted in the PUBMED database. The period considered for article searches spanned from 2017 to 2023, aiming to capture the latest contributions to the topic. The selected MESH descriptors to outline the research were "Robotic Surgical Procedures," "Neurosurgery," and "Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures." Results: Systematic reviews present a comprehensive overview of recent advances in robotic surgery and its applications in various areas. The promising landscape outlined by these analyses not only validates the progress made but also underscores the ongoing need for research and development to further enhance surgical practices. Conclusion: The learning curve, the need for specialized training, and economic considerations are crucial aspects shaping the practical implementation of robotic surgery in the neurosurgical scenario.Introdução: A neurocirurgia, com suas complexidades intricadas e demandas por precisão extrema, tem sido moldada e transformada ao longo dos anos pela constante evolução da tecnologia médica. Metodologia: A metodologia adotada para este trabalho compreendeu uma revisão sistemática de literatura, focada em descritores MESH específicos, realizada no banco de dados PUBMED. O período considerado para a busca de artigos abrangeu de 2017 a 2023, visando capturar as mais recentes contribuições à temática. Os descritores MESH selecionados para delinear a pesquisa foram "Robotic Surgical Procedures", "Neurosurgery" e "Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures". Resultado: As revisões sistemáticas apresentam um panorama abrangente dos avanços recentes na cirurgia robótica e suas aplicações em diversas áreas. O cenário promissor delineado por essas análises não apenas valida os progressos alcançados, mas também ressalta a necessidade contínua de pesquisa e desenvolvimento para aprimorar ainda mais as práticas cirúrgicas. Conclusão: A curva de aprendizado, a necessidade de treinamento especializado e as considerações econômicas são aspectos cruciais que moldam a implementação prática da cirurgia robótica no cenário neurocirúrgico

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Distribuição Geográfica de Táxons da Família Myrtaceae de Ocorrência no Cerrado e Eugenia klotzschiana O.Berg

The Myrtaceae family is widely distributed in the Neotropics and presents an expressive abundance of species in the Cerrado. Objective: In this study, to analyze the geographic distribution based on the occurrence records of Myrtaceae species in the Cerrado and Eugenia klotzschiana O.Berg. Methods: The geographic coordinates of the species occurrence were obtained from the databases: Reflora and SpeciesLink, which were then inserted into the program Diva-GIS 7.5.0. with the political, geographical and environmental limits plotted with the distribution, the results were exported in a file in .shp format and the final layout performed in the ArcGIS program. Conclusion: It was concluded that the direction and sense of distribution and occurrence are in the southwest and south-southwest direction, with low potential distribution in the South, North and Northeast regions. Results: The zone of highest probability of occurrence is in the southern mesoregion of Goiás and the North Central region of Mato Grosso do Sul. Potential distribution centers of the Cerrado species of the genus Eugenia L. are related to those of its botanical family. The distribution poles of Eugenia klotzschiana O.Berg are very close to the phytogeographic limits of Atlantic Forest and a trend towards the Southeast. Conclusion: There was an expressive updating of the distribution of the surveyed taxa of the Myrtaceae family, since the data of collections of specimens containing geographic coordinates have been updated in the systems due to the advancement of the Flora do Brasil, with the project of repatriation of the Brazilian flora. However, we identify the need for biogeographic modeling studies to broaden the discussion of the results obtained.A família Myrtaceae é amplamente distribuída nos neotrópicos e apresenta expressiva abundância de espécies no Cerrado. Objetivo: Neste estudo, analisar a distribuição geográfica com base nos registros de ocorrência das espécies de Myrtaceae no Cerrado e de Eugenia klotzschiana O.Berg. Métodos: As coordenadas geográficas das espécies de ocorrência foram obtidas nas bases de dados: Reflora e SpeciesLink, que posteriormente foram inseridos no programa Diva-GIS 7.5.0. com os limites políticos, geográficos e ambientais plotados com a distribuição, os resultados foram exportados em arquivo no formato .shp e o layout final realizado no programa ArcGIS. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a direção e sentido de distribuição e ocorrência se dão em direção a sudoeste e sul-sudoeste, com baixa distribuição potencial nas regiões Sul, Norte e Nordeste. Resultados: A zona de maior probabilidade de ocorrência se dá na mesorregião Sul de Goiás e na região Centro Norte de Mato Grosso do Sul. Centros de distribuição potencial das espécies de ocorrência no Cerrado do gênero Eugenia L. se relacionam com os de sua família botânica. Os polos de distribuição de Eugenia klotzschiana O.Berg estão muito próximos dos limites fitogeográficos de Mata Atlântica e uma tendência para o Sudeste. Conclusão: Houve uma expressiva atualização da distribuição dos táxons pesquisados da família Myrtaceae, uma vez que os dados de coletas de espécimes contendo coordenadas geográficos tem sido atualizado nos sistemas em virtude do avanço da Flora do Brasil, com o projeto de repatriação da flora brasileira. Todavia, identifica-se a necessidade de estudos de modelagem biogeográfica para ampliar a discussão dos resultados obtidos

Pharmacogenomic Profile of Amazonian Amerindians

Given the role of pharmacogenomics in the large variability observed in drug efficacy/safety, an assessment about the pharmacogenomic profile of patients prior to drug prescription or dose adjustment is paramount to improve adherence to treatment and prevent adverse drug reaction events. A population commonly underrepresented in pharmacogenomic studies is the Native American populations, which have a unique genetic profile due to a long process of geographic isolation and other genetic and evolutionary processes. Here, we describe the pharmacogenetic variability of Native American populations regarding 160 pharmacogenes involved in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes and biological pathways of different therapies. Data were obtained through complete exome sequencing of individuals from 12 different Amerindian groups of the Brazilian Amazon. The study reports a total of 3311 variants; of this, 167 are exclusive to Amerindian populations, and 1183 are located in coding regions. Among these new variants, we found non-synonymous coding variants in the DPYD and the IFNL4 genes and variants with high allelic frequencies in intronic regions of the MTHFR, TYMS, GSTT1, and CYP2D6 genes. Additionally, 332 variants with either high or moderate (disruptive or non-disruptive impact in protein effectiveness, respectively) significance were found with a minimum of 1% frequency in the Amazonian Amerindian population. The data reported here serve as scientific basis for future design of specific treatment protocols for Amazonian Amerindian populations as well as for populations admixed with them, such as the Northern Brazilian population

Molecular Profile of Variants in <i>CDH1</i>, <i>TP53</i>, <i>PSCA</i>, <i>PRKAA1</i>, and <i>TTN</i> Genes Related to Gastric Cancer Susceptibility in Amazonian Indigenous Populations

Gastric Cancer is a disease associated with environmental and genetic changes, becoming one of the most prevalent cancers around the world and with a high incidence in Brazil. However, despite being a highly studied neoplastic type, few efforts are aimed at populations with a unique background and genetic profile, such as the indigenous peoples of the Brazilian Amazon. Our study characterized the molecular profile of five genes associated with the risk of developing gastric cancer by sequencing the complete exome of 64 indigenous individuals belonging to 12 different indigenous populations in the Amazon. The analysis of the five genes found a total of 207 variants, of which 15 are new in our indigenous population, and among these are two with predicted high impact, present in the TTN and CDH1 genes. In addition, at least 20 variants showed a significant difference in the indigenous population in comparison with other world populations, and three are already associatively related to some type of cancer. Our study reaffirms the unique genetic profile of the indigenous population of the Brazilian Amazon and allows us to contribute to the conception of early diagnosis of complex diseases such as cancer, improving the quality of life of individuals potentially suffering from the disease

Identification of NUDT15 gene variants in Amazonian Amerindians and admixed individuals from northern Brazil.

IntroductionThe nudix hydrolase 15 (NUDT15) gene acts in the metabolism of thiopurine, by catabolizing its active metabolite thioguanosine triphosphate into its inactivated form, thioguanosine monophosphate. The frequency of alternative NUDT15 alleles, in particular those that cause a drastic loss of gene function, varies widely among geographically distinct populations. In the general population of northern Brazilian, high toxicity rates (65%) have been recorded in patients treated with the standard protocol for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which involves thiopurine-based drugs. The present study characterized the molecular profile of the coding region of the NUDT15 gene in two groups, non-admixed Amerindians and admixed individuals from the Amazon region of northern Brazil.MethodsThe entire NUDT15 gene was sequenced in 64 Amerindians from 12 Amazonian groups and 82 admixed individuals from northern Brazil. The DNA was extracted using phenol-chloroform. The exome libraries were prepared using the Nextera Rapid Capture Exome (Illumina) and SureSelect Human All Exon V6 (Agilent) kits. The allelic variants were annotated in the ViVa® (Viewer of Variants) software.ResultsFour NUDT15 variants were identified: rs374594155, rs1272632214, rs147390019, andrs116855232. The variants rs1272632214 and rs116855232 were in complete linkage disequilibrium, and were assigned to the NUDT15*2 genotype. These variants had high frequencies in both our study populations in comparison with other populations catalogued in the 1000 Genomes database. We also identified the NUDT15*4 haplotype in our study populations, at frequencies similar to those reported in other populations from around the world.ConclusionOur findings indicate that Amerindian and admixed populations from northern Brazil have high frequencies of the NUDT15 haplotypes that alter the metabolism profile of thiopurines

Music as a Therapeutic Assistant: Strategy to Reduce Work Stress

Objective: to understand the influence of music as a therapeutic assistant in reducing work stress of nursing professionals in a basic health unit. Method: it is an exploratory and descriptive research with a quantitative approach, developed with 9 nursing professionals from UBS Integrated Nova Esperança in João Pessoa, Paraíba. Data collection began after approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraíba, nº. 0508/16, CAAE: 58741916.6.0000.5188. Results: we identified that 33.3% of nursing professionals presented signs of stress, of the 33.3% who presented stress, 100% demonstrated to be in the resistance phase, 100% of the nursing professionals evaluated the musical strategy in a positive way. Conclusion: the musical strategy received extremely positive evaluations by the participants of the research, about 100% of professionals said that listening to music can reduce work stress

O debate em torno da medicina experimental no segundo reinado The debate on experimental medicine under the second reign

A presença de uma forte tradição clínica na medicina oitocentista não constitui uma barreira estrutural ao ingresso das novidades produzidas no terreno da experimentação em laboratório, como afirmam alguns historiadores. O amplo debate em torno das regras do 'método experimental' revela uma dimensão da luta travada entre adeptos de teorias médicas rivais, num contexto em que a dissensão entre os esculápios ameaçava sua autoridade científica, frente a outras categorias de curadores.<br>Although Brazil's twentieth century medicine was strong in the clinical tradition, this was no structural barrier to innovations from the realm of laboratory experiments, contrary to what some historians have argued. The broad debate over the rules of 'experimental methods' reveals a dimension of the struggle waged between proponents of rival medical theories, within a context where dissension among physicians threatened their scientific authority vis-à-vis that of other types of healers