605 research outputs found
Evolution of the UV Excess in Early-Type Galaxies
We examine the UV emission from luminous early-type galaxies as a function of
redshift. We perform a stacking analysis using Galaxy Evolution Explorer
(GALEX) images of galaxies in the NOAO Deep Wide Field Survey (NDWFS) Bo\"otes
field and examine the evolution in the UV colors of the average galaxy. Our
sample, selected to have minimal ongoing star formation based on the optical to
mid-IR SEDs of the galaxies, includes 1843 galaxies spanning the redshift range
. We find evidence that the strength of the UV excess
decreases, on average, with redshift, and our measurements also show moderate
disagreement with previous models of the UV excess. Our results show little
evolution in the shape of the UV continuum with redshift, consistent either
with the binary model for the formation of Extreme Horizontal Branch (EHB)
stars or with no evolution in EHB morphology with look-back time. However, the
binary formation model predicts that the strength of the UV excess should also
be relatively constant, in contradiction with our measured results. Finally, we
see no significant influence of a galaxy's environment on the strength of its
UV excess.Comment: 30 pages, 10 figures; accepted by ApJ. Modified from original version
to reflect referee's comment
ΠΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°. ΠΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ (Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°)
Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉ Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ
Π»ΡΠ½Π³Π²ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈ Π»ΡΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π» Π°Π½Π³Π»ΡΠΉΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈ Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ.The article deals with the analysis of ethnonym connotation in the aspect of linguistic culturology. The author makes an attempt to create the linguistic portrait of an Irishman on the basis of English language and reveal the ethnocultural stereotypes in relation to the Irish
Evaluating a community-based early childhood education and development program in Indonesia: study protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial with supplementary matched control group
BACKGROUND This paper presents the study protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a supplementary matched control group. The aim of the trial is to evaluate a community-based early education and development program launched by the Government of Indonesia. The program was developed in collaboration with the World Bank with a total budget of US$127.7 million, and targets an estimated 738,000 children aged 0 to 6 years living in approximately 6,000 poor communities. The aim of the program is to increase access to early childhood services with the secondary aim of improving school readiness. METHODS/DESIGN The study is being conducted across nine districts. The baseline survey contained 310 villages, of which 100 were originally allocated to the intervention arm, 20 originally allocated to a 9-month delay staggered start, 100 originally allocated to an 18-month delay staggered start and 90 allocated to a matched control group (no intervention). The study consists of two cohorts, one comprising children aged 12 to 23 months and the other comprising children aged 48 to 59 months at baseline. The data collection instruments include child observations and task/game-based assessments as well as a questionnaire suite, village head questionnaire, service level questionnaires, household questionnaire, and child caretaker questionnaire. The baseline survey was conducted from March to April 2009, midline was conducted from April to August 2010 and endline conducted early 2013. The resultant participation rates at both the district and village levels were 90%. At the child level, the participation rate was 99.92%. The retention rate at the child level at midline was 99.67%. DISCUSSION This protocol paper provides a detailed record of the trial design including a discussion regarding difficulties faced with compliance to the randomization, compliance to the dispersion schedule of community block grants, and procurement delays for baseline and midline data collections. Considering the execution of the program and the resultant threats to the study, we discuss our analytical plan and intentions for endline data collection. TRIALS REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN76061874Menno Pradhan, Sally A Brinkman, Amanda Beatty, Amelia Maika, Elan Satriawan, Joppe de Ree and Amer Hasa
The spatial distribution and origin of the FUV excess in early-type galaxies
We present surface photometry of a sample of 52 galaxies from the GALEX and
2MASS data archives, these include 32 normal elliptical galaxies, 10
ellipticals with weak Liner or other nuclear activity, and 10 star forming
ellipticals or early-type spirals. We examine the spatial distribution of the
Far Ultra-Violet excess in these galaxies, and its correlation with dynamical
and stellar population properties of the galaxies. From aperture photometry we
find that all galaxies except for recent major remnants and galaxies with
ongoing star formation show a positive gradient in the (FUV-NUV) colour
determined from the GALEX images. The logarithmic gradient does not correlate
with any stellar population parameter, but it does correlate with the central
velocity dispersion. The strength of the excess on the other hand, correlates
with both [alpha/Fe] and [Z/H], but more strongly with the former. We derive
models of the underlying stellar population from the 2MASS H-band images, and
the residual of the image from this model reveals a map of the centrally
concentrated FUV excess. We examine a possible hypothesis for generating the
FUV excess and the radial gradient in its strength, involving a helium
abundance gradient set up early in the formation process of the galaxies. If
this hypothesis is correct, the persistence of the gradients to the present day
places a strong limit on the importance of dry mergers in the formation of
ellipticals.Comment: 36 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Appendices will appear
in online journal only. This version has reduced resolution for the figure in
Appendix B to comply with arXiv size limit
Effect of frailty on quality of life in elderly patients after hip fracture:A longitudinal study
Objectives The aims of this study were to examine the pattern of changes over time in health status (HS) and quality of life (QoL) in the first year after hip fracture and to quantify the association between frailty at the onset of hip fracture and the change in HS and QoL 1 year later. The major hypothesis was that frailty, a clinical state of increased vulnerability, is a good predictor of QoL in patients recovering from hip fracture. Design Prospective, observational, follow-up cohort study. Setting Secondary care. Ten participating centres in Brabant, the Netherlands. Participants 1091 patients entered the study and 696 patients completed the study. Patients with a hip fracture aged 65 years and older or proxy respondents for patients with cognitive impairment were included in this study. Main outcome measures The primary outcomes were HS (EuroQol-5 Dimensions questionnaire) and capability well-being (ICEpop CAPability measure for Older people). Prefracture frailty was defined with the Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI), with GFI >= 4 indicating frailty. Participants were followed up at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after hospital admission. Results In total, 371 patients (53.3%) were considered frail. Frailty was negatively associated with HS (beta -0.333; 95% CI -0.366 to -0.299), self-rated health (beta -21.9; 95% CI -24.2 to -19.6) and capability well-being (beta -0.296; 95% CI -0.322 to -0.270) in elderly patients 1 year after hip fracture. After adjusting for confounders, including death, prefracture HS, age, prefracture residential status, prefracture mobility, American Society of Anesthesiologists grading and dementia, associations were weakened but remained significant. Conclusions We revealed that frailty is negatively associated with QoL 1 year after hip fracture, even after adjusting for confounders. This finding suggests that early identification of prefracture frailty in patients with a hip fracture is important for prognostic counselling, care planning and the tailoring of treatment
Risk factors for severe reactions in food allergy: Rapid evidence review with metaβanalysis
This rapid review summarizes the most up to date evidence about the risk factors for severe food-induced allergic reactions. We searched three bibliographic databases for studies published between January 2010 and August 2021. We included 88Β studies and synthesized the evidence narratively, undertaking meta-analysis where appropriate. Significant uncertainties remain with respect to the prediction of severe reactions, both anaphylaxis and/or severe anaphylaxis refractory to treatment. Prior anaphylaxis, an asthma diagnosis, IgE sensitization or basophil activation tests are not good predictors. Some molecular allergology markers may be helpful. Hospital presentations for anaphylaxis are highest in young children, yet this age group appears at lower risk of severe outcomes. Risk of severe outcomes is greatest in adolescence and young adulthood, but the contribution of risk taking behaviour in contributing to severe outcomes is unclear. Evidence for an impact of cofactors on severity is lacking, although food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis may be an exception. Some medications such as beta-blockers or ACE inhibitors may increase severity, but appear less important than age as a factor in life-threatening reactions. The relationship between dose of exposure and severity is unclear. Delays in symptom recognition and anaphylaxis treatment have been associated with more severe outcomes. An absence of prior anaphylaxis does not exclude its future risk
The Quality of Dying in Frail Institutionalized Older Patients After Nonoperative and Operative Management of a Proximal Femoral Fracture:An In-Depth Analysis
Proximal femoral fractures in frail patients have a poor prognosis. Despite the high mortality, little is known about the quality of dying (QoD) while this is an integral part of palliative care and could influence decision making on nonoperative- (NOM) or operative management (OM). To identify the QoD in frail patients with a proximal femoral fracture. Data from the prospective FRAIL-HIP study, that studied the outcomes of NOM and OM in institutionalized older patients β₯70 years with a limited life expectancy who sustained a proximal femoral fracture, was analyzed. This study included patients who died within the 6-month study period and whose proxies evaluated the QoD. The QoD was evaluated with the Quality of Dying and Death (QODD) questionnaire resulting in an overall score and 4 subcategory scores (Symptom control, Preparation, Connectedness, and Transcendence). In total 52 (64% of NOM) and 21 (53% of OM) of the proxies responded to the QODD. The overall QODD score was 6.8 (P25-P75 5.7-7.7) (intermediate), with 34 (47%) of the proxies rating the QODD βgood to almost perfectβ. Significant differences in the QODD scores between groups were not noted (NOM; 7.0 (P25-P75 5.7-7.8) vs OM; 6.6 (P25-P75 6.1-7.2), P =.73). Symptom control was the lowest rated subcategory in both groups. The QoD in frail older nursing home patients with a proximal femoral fracture is good and humane. QODD scores after NOM are at least as good as OM. Improving symptom control would further increase the QoD.</p
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