18 research outputs found

    Introduction: An interdisciplinary overview of some climate-related narratives and responses in the Pacific

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    This overview challenges the commonly accepted notion that Pacific societies are all doomed to an uncertain near and distant future despite their inherently different exposures to, experiences of, and attitudes to climate change. It also recognizes that the scientific narrative of climate change acts as a catalyst for new regional alliances and movements aiming to take proactive climate action, from the global to the local levels. We therefore advocate for nuanced views of the climate-related changes that are occurring in the Pacific region, based on a multi-scalar approach that integrates the ecological, sociocultural, economic and political dimensions of these changes. This would require the building of bridges, still too few and fragile, between the environmental and social science approaches. We intend to contribute to these efforts by connecting some of the most recent scientific research and projections concerning global climate change and its effects in the Pacific region, alongside the diversity of local perceptions, narratives and adaptation pathways.Cette synthĂšse met en question l’idĂ©e gĂ©nĂ©ralement acceptĂ©e selon laquelle les sociĂ©tĂ©s du Pacifique sont toutes condamnĂ©es, Ă  plus ou moins brĂšve Ă©chĂ©ance, Ă  un avenir incertain malgrĂ© leurs expositions, expĂ©riences et attitudes fondamentalement diffĂ©rentes face au changement climatique. Le discours scientifique sur le changement climatique sert de catalyseur Ă  la crĂ©ation, au niveau rĂ©gional, de nouvelles alliances et de nouveaux mouvements visant Ă  prendre des mesures proactives face au changement climatique, de l’échelle locale Ă  l’échelle globale. Nous prĂ©conisons donc une vision nuancĂ©e des changements liĂ©s au climat qui se produisent actuellement dans le Pacifique ; une vision fondĂ©e sur une approche multi-Ă©chelle intĂ©grant les dimensions Ă©cologiques, socioculturelles, Ă©conomiques et politiques de ces changements. Cela nĂ©cessite la construction de passerelles, encore trop peu nombreuses et fragiles, entre les approches proposĂ©es par les sciences environnementales et par les sciences sociales. Nous proposons de contribuer Ă  ces efforts en mettant en relation certaines des recherches et projections scientifiques avec la diversitĂ© des perceptions, des discours et des stratĂ©gies d’adaptation dĂ©veloppĂ©es localement

    Introduction. SynthÚse interdisciplinaire de quelques discours et réponses liés au climat dans le Pacifique

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    Cette synthĂšse met en question l’idĂ©e gĂ©nĂ©ralement acceptĂ©e selon laquelle les sociĂ©tĂ©s du Pacifique sont toutes condamnĂ©es, Ă  plus ou moins brĂšve Ă©chĂ©ance, Ă  un avenir incertain malgrĂ© leurs expositions, expĂ©riences et attitudes fondamentalement diffĂ©rentes face au changement climatique. Le discours scientifique sur le changement climatique sert de catalyseur Ă  la crĂ©ation, au niveau rĂ©gional, de nouvelles alliances et de nouveaux mouvements visant Ă  prendre des mesures proactives face au changement climatique, de l’échelle locale Ă  l’échelle globale. Nous prĂ©conisons donc une vision nuancĂ©e des changements liĂ©s au climat qui se produisent actuellement dans le Pacifique ; une vision fondĂ©e sur une approche multi-Ă©chelle intĂ©grant les dimensions Ă©cologiques, socioculturelles, Ă©conomiques et politiques de ces changements. Cela nĂ©cessite la construction de passerelles, encore trop peu nombreuses et fragiles, entre les approches proposĂ©es par les sciences environnementales et par les sciences sociales. Nous proposons de contribuer Ă  ces efforts en mettant en relation certaines des recherches et projections scientifiques avec la diversitĂ© des perceptions, des discours et des stratĂ©gies d’adaptation dĂ©veloppĂ©es localement.This overview challenges the commonly accepted notion that Pacific societies are all doomed to an uncertain near and distant future despite their inherently different exposures to, experiences of, and attitudes to climate change. It also recognizes that the scientific narrative of climate change acts as a catalyst for new regional alliances and movements aiming to take proactive climate action, from the global to the local levels. We therefore advocate for nuanced views of the climate-related changes that are occurring in the Pacific region, based on a multi-scalar approach that integrates the ecological, sociocultural, economic and political dimensions of these changes. This would require the building of bridges, still too few and fragile, between the environmental and social science approaches. We intend to contribute to these efforts by connecting some of the most recent scientific research and projections concerning global climate change and its effects in the Pacific region, alongside the diversity of local perceptions, narratives and adaptation pathways

    Restoring Pre-Industrial CO\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e Levels While Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

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    © 2020 by the authors. Unless humanity achieves United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 and restores the relatively stable climate of pre-industrial CO2 levels (as early as 2140), species extinctions, starvation, drought/floods, and violence will exacerbate mass migrations. This paper presents conceptual designs and techno-economic analyses to calculate sustainable limits for growing high-protein seafood and macroalgae-for-biofuel. We review the availability of wet solid waste and outline the mass balance of carbon and plant nutrients passing through a hydrothermal liquefaction process. The paper reviews the availability of dry solid waste and dry biomass for bioenergy with CO2 capture and storage (BECCS) while generating Allam Cycle electricity. Sufficient wet-waste biomass supports quickly building hydrothermal liquefaction facilities. Macroalgae-for-biofuel technology can be developed and straightforwardly implemented on SDG-achieving high protein seafood infrastructure. The analyses indicate a potential for (1) 0.5 billion tonnes/yr of seafood; (2) 20 million barrels/day of biofuel from solid waste; (3) more biocrude oil from macroalgae than current fossil oil; and (4) sequestration of 28 to 38 billion tonnes/yr of bio-CO2. Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) costs are between 25–33% of those for BECCS with pre-2019 technology or the projected cost of air-capture CDR

    Copernicus Ocean State Report, issue 6

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    The 6th issue of the Copernicus OSR incorporates a large range of topics for the blue, white and green ocean for all European regional seas, and the global ocean over 1993–2020 with a special focus on 2020

    Facteurs critiques de succÚs du systÚme d'information environnemental ReefTEMPS orienté capteurs pour une opérationnalité réelle.

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    International audienceReefTEMPS is a network of sensors in the Pacific island coastal domain, recording seven types of physical parameters, including temperature, pressure and salinity [1]. It is part of the French national research infrastructure for coastal ocean and Seashore observations named ILICO [2]. Some of the network’s sensors have been deployed for over 40 years. A hundred are actually deployed in 14 countries covering an area of more than 8000 km from East to West. The data are acquired at high (1 hertz) or medium frequency (1 to 30 mn). They are processed at the end of oceanographic campaigns organized for sensors replacement every 6 months to 2 years. They are then loaded into a historical database named DBOceano.In 2011, we designed an information system [3] whose objectives correspond to the FAIR principles [4] : 1/ open and normalized data available under several standards, including the OGC-SOS, in order to make them accessible to many scientific communities, 2/ an information system based on Open Source applications and 3/ metadata sharing in recognized and sustainable online catalogues delivering DOIs. The use of the OGC-SOS standard [5], by then in its version 1.0, seemed relevant to us. It was its first implementation in France in the field of research observation services. Among the notable difficulties encountered during this first deployment, we will review our choices for implementing the SOS, which, too different from what was expected in the 52°North client, had prevented us from using it.. Another concern, the volume of the XML files generated by the GetObservation [6] SOAP services significantly slowed down the service making it almost unusable. On the other hand, the SensorML [7] Metadata dissemination service has proven to be very useful in documenting sensors.In 2016, we performed a major update. In order to ease the deployment processes and the implementation of the latest versions of the technologies used, the information system was first ported to Docker [8]. We switched to SOS version 2 [5], taking the opportunity to reorganize the data distribution structure in order to become interoperable with other SOS systems [9]. Finally, we turned to the 52°North server solution and it’s SensorThing API [10] to switch to REST web services and prevent file size overload.We therefore provide metadata in accordance with the standards: iso19115 Marine Community Profile [11] (provided by AODN), SensorML and iso19115 on the SEANOE catalogue and data in the formats: SOS, WMS [12], WFS [13], OpeNDAP [14], and raw (CSV and image).The new version is in production since June 2017: http://reeftemps.science. Since then, all our web services have been available through our internet portal, which allows time series to be searched by platform and by physical parameter. All acquired data are publicly accessible under the Creative commons license Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0. Eight years of managing this operational sensor-based data infrastructure have led us to identify critical success factors. In our presentation, we will provide a detailed analysis of these factors that made the difference

    A concise review of the highly diverse genus Sargassum C. Agardh with wide industrial potential

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    International audienceSargassum C. Agardh is a highly diverse genus within the brown algae, with 615 currently recognized species, varieties and forms worldwide. This high level of species diversity led early taxonomists, using morphological-anatomical criteria only, to divide the genus into up to five sub-genera and several lower-ranking taxonomic units (e.g., sections, tribes). With the advent of molecular data, subsequent authors revised this complex and archaic classification, with the genus now comprising only two sub-genera: Sargassum and Bactrophycus. Whilst most Sargassum species are benthic, only two are known to be holopelagic and responsible for strandings along tropical Atlantic coasts. The rest of the genus is cosmopolitan, occurring from tropical to temperate regions. Sargassum has not yet been reported in polar regions. Where Sargassum is present, macroalgal populations can grow in large quantities, and the resulting biomass can be valuable to the local communities for a variety of uses. Here we review the genus Sargassum from a taxonomic, ecological and physiological perspectives, and explore the different ways of taking advantage of this extraordinary biomass, which while becoming an invasive pest in some countries, could represent opportunities for coastal populations worldwide

    ReefTEMPS : Le réseau d'observation des océans cÎtiers des ßles du Pacifique

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    Jeux donnĂ©es issues de capteurs dans les Ă©cosystĂšmes lagonaires du Pacifique SudReefTEMPS is a sensors network initiated in 1958 to monitor the coastal area of the South, West and South-West Pacific. This long-term observatory allows the acquisition of several parameters: Sea temperature, Electrical conductivity / practical salinity, Sea pressure / Waves height & period / sea level, Fluorescence, Turbidity, with high or medium frequency (from 1 second to 30 minutes). The main objective is to study the climatic parameters of the tropical ocean with a focus on the coastal sea waters to monitor the long-term effects of the global change and its impacts on the coral reefs and theirs resources.ReefTEMPS is part of the French national federative Research Infrastructure for coastal ocean and seashore observations named IR I-LICO. It is an observation service operated by ENTROPIE since 2019 (and before by the GOPS (South Pacific integrated observatory for the environment, terrestrial and marine biodiversity) in 2010-2017 and by LEGOS in 2018). FOUR operators each manage a sub-region: ENTROPIE/IRD New-Caledonia (New-Caledonia and Vanuatu), University of New-Caledonia (Wallis and Futuna), University of the South Pacific (USP) (Fiji) and the Pacific community (SPC) (Pacific States).ReefTEMPS include a sensors-oriented environmental information system. It provides different types of interoperable services (including OGC standard SOS - Sensor Observation Service), each tailored to a specific scientific users community. The measurements provided by sensors, deployed for more than 40years for some, are stored in a dedicated database designed by US IMAGO in the late 2000s. By aggregating historical IRD stations, ReefTEMPS provides very long time series exceeding 60 years.All data acquired are publicly accessible without any restriction (under CC-BY licence). The extracted data are accessible from this ReefTEMPS landing page with a downloadable ZIP file. All the data acquired, including the most recent data, are accessible from the ReefTEMPS data portal and through the different ReefTEMPS web services.The ZIP archive contains all ReefTEMPS data acquiried since 1958 to the last update, for all parameters, and with different quality levels (from RAW to historical series). The ZIP archive contains 204 data files in NetCDF OceanCite 2.0 format. There is one file for each platform, with different parameter and different quality level.ReefTEMPS est un rĂ©seau de capteurs initiĂ© en 1958 pour surveiller la zone cĂŽtiĂšre du Pacifique Sud, Ouest et Sud-Ouest. Cet observatoire Ă  long terme permet l'acquisition de plusieurs paramĂštres : TempĂ©rature de la mer, ConductivitĂ© Ă©lectrique / salinitĂ© pratique, Pression de la mer / Hauteur et pĂ©riode des vagues / niveau de la mer, Fluorescence, TurbiditĂ©, avec une frĂ©quence Ă©levĂ©e ou moyenne (de 1 seconde Ă  30 minutes). L'objectif principal est d'Ă©tudier les paramĂštres climatiques de l'ocĂ©an tropical en se concentrant sur les eaux cĂŽtiĂšres afin de surveiller les effets Ă  long terme du changement global et ses impacts sur les rĂ©cifs coralliens et leurs ressources.ReefTEMPS fait partie de l'infrastructure nationale française de recherche pour l'observation de l'ocĂ©an cĂŽtier et du littoral appelĂ©e IR I-LICO. C'est un service d'observation opĂ©rĂ© par ENTROPIE depuis 2019 (et auparavant par le GOPS (observatoire intĂ©grĂ© du Pacifique Sud pour l'environnement, la biodiversitĂ© terrestre et marine) en 2010-2017 et par LEGOS en 2018). QUATRE opĂ©rateurs gĂšrent chacun une sous-rĂ©gion : ENTROPIE/IRD Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie (Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie et Vanuatu), l'UniversitĂ© de Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie (Wallis et Futuna), l'UniversitĂ© du Pacifique Sud (USP) (Fidji) et la CommunautĂ© du Pacifique (CPS) (États du Pacifique).ReefTEMPS comprend un systĂšme d'information environnementale orientĂ© capteurs. Il fournit diffĂ©rents types de services interopĂ©rables (y compris la norme OGC SOS - Sensor Observation Service), chacun Ă©tant adaptĂ© Ă  une communautĂ© d'utilisateurs scientifiques spĂ©cifique. Les mesures fournies par les capteurs, dĂ©ployĂ©s depuis plus de 40 ans pour certains, sont stockĂ©es dans une base de donnĂ©es dĂ©diĂ©e conçue par US IMAGO Ă  la fin des annĂ©es 2000. En agrĂ©geant les stations historiques de l'IRD, ReefTEMPS fournit de trĂšs longues sĂ©ries temporelles dĂ©passant les 60 ans.Toutes les donnĂ©es acquises sont accessibles au public sans aucune restriction (sous licence CC-BY). Les donnĂ©es extraites sont accessibles depuis cette page d'accueil ReefTEMPS avec un fichier ZIP tĂ©lĂ©chargeable. Toutes les donnĂ©es acquises, y compris les donnĂ©es les plus rĂ©centes, sont accessibles Ă  partir du portail de donnĂ©es ReefTEMPS et Ă  travers les diffĂ©rents services web ReefTEMPS.L'archive ZIP contient toutes les donnĂ©es ReefTEMPS acquises depuis 1958 jusqu'Ă  la derniĂšre mise Ă  jour, pour tous les paramĂštres, et avec diffĂ©rents niveaux de qualitĂ© (de RAW aux sĂ©ries historiques). L'archive ZIP contient 204 fichiers de donnĂ©es au format NetCDF OceanCite 2.0. Il y a un fichier pour chaque plateforme, avec diffĂ©rents paramĂštres et diffĂ©rents niveaux de qualitĂ©.Traduit avec www.DeepL.com/Translator (version gratuite

    Collection des données de biodiversité marine de Polynésie française (LAGPLON)

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    Jeux de donnĂ©es de biodiversitĂ© marine de l'Indo Pacifique Sud - Dataset GBIFLa base de donnĂ©es LAGPLON, crĂ©Ă©e par le Service Hyperbare pour recueillir leurs observations sous-marines, abrite un ensemble de donnĂ©es issues des inventaires de l’IRD NoumĂ©a de la flore et de la faune benthique des eaux cĂŽtiĂšres de l’Indo-Pacifique. Ce jeu de donnĂ©es contient toutes les donnĂ©es de LAGPLON concernant la PolynĂ©sie française. L'intĂ©gration de ces donnĂ©es dans l'INPN s'est faite dans le cadre du programme IFRECOR
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