Vegetation fragment influence over urban climate

Vegetated areas are important to provide environmental quality for the human population that lives in the neighborhood and to avoid natural disasters, such as erosion processes. The monitoring of forest fragments and green areas in urban environment is important to an efficient management of the vegetation. This study aimed to identify the influence of the vegetation over the urban climate. The Leaf Area Index (LAI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and surface temperature were considered to be used to monitoring the air temperature. Different vegetation coverture in distinct areas of a big city, as Recife-PE-Brazil, is responsible for the environmental quality conditions, mainly those related to the air temperature and humidity, providing comfortable conditions for the human population. It is indispensable the monitoring these vegetated areas to optimize the quality life in big cities

ZOONOSES E MONITORAMENTO SENTINELA DA CINOMOSE COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE SAÚDE ÚNICA NO MUNICÍPIO DE PRESIDENTE FIGUEIREDO-AM

Many pathogens can co-infect humans and animals. The present study aims to analyze the frequency of reported cases of zoonoses in humans and confirmed cases of canine distemper in the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo through the extraction of information from the Information System of Notifiable Diseases of the Ministry of Health (SINAN) and the epidemiological investigation reports of outbreaks produced by the health surveillance room of the Zoonosis Control Center of the Municipality of Presidente Figueiredo-AM in the period 2017-2020. In the state of Amazonas, in the analyzed period, there were reported cases of Rabies, Visceral Leishmaniasis, Tegumentary Leishmaniasis, Leptospirosis, Spotted Fever, Hantavirus, and Acute Chagas Disease. In the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, only the zoonoses of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis and Leptospirosis were reported, and an outbreak of distemper occurred in 2020, which affected 17 animals and exposed another 10 animals susceptible to infection. During the outbreak of disease with neurological signs in dogs in the municipality, the epidemiological surveillance technicians promoted an epidemiological investigation, clinical and laboratory analysis of the affected animals and concluded based on the data and results that it was an outbreak of Distemper. Therefore, there is an occurrence of the distemper virus in dogs in the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, and although neurological cases in dogs have not been detected as resulting from infection by the rabies virus, the constant surveillance and investigation work is highlighted as essential to ensure the one health in the municipality, in view of the differential diagnosis of rabies.Muchos patógenos pueden coinfectar a humanos y animales. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la frecuencia de casos notificados de zoonosis en humanos y casos confirmados de moquillo canino en el municipio de Presidente Figueiredo a través de la extracción de información del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación Obligatoria del Ministerio de Salud (SINAN) y el estudio epidemiológico. informes de investigación de brotes producidos por la sala de vigilancia sanitaria del Centro de Control de Zoonosis del Municipio de Presidente Figueiredo-AM en el período 2017-2020. En el estado de Amazonas, en el período analizado, se notificaron casos de Rabia, Leishmaniasis Visceral, Leishmaniasis Tegumentaria, Leptospirosis, Fiebre Maculosa, Hantavirus y Enfermedad de Chagas Aguda. En el Municipio de Presidente Figueiredo, solo se reportaron las zoonosis Leishmaniasis Tegumentaria y Leptospirosis, y en 2020 se presentó un brote de moquillo, que afectó a 17 animales y expuso a otros 10 animales susceptibles a la infección. Durante el brote de enfermedad con signos neurológicos en perros en el municipio, los técnicos de vigilancia epidemiológica impulsaron una investigación epidemiológica, análisis clínicos y de laboratorio de los animales afectados y concluyeron con base en los datos y resultados que se trataba de un brote de Moquillo. Por lo tanto, existe una ocurrencia del virus del moquillo en perros en el municipio de Presidente Figueiredo, y aunque no se han detectados casos neurológicos en perros como resultado de la infección por el virus de la rabia, se destaca como fundamental el trabajo constante de vigilancia e investigación para garantizar la atención única de salud en el municipio, ante el diagnóstico diferencial de la rabia.Muitos patógenos podem infectar o homem e os animais. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a frequência de casos notificados de zoonoses em humanos e casos confirmados de cinomose canina no município de Presidente Figueiredo por meio da extração de informações do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do Ministério da Saúde (SINAN) e dos relatórios de investigação epidemiológica de surtos produzidos pela sala de vigilância em saúde do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses da Prefeitura Municipal de Presidente Figueiredo-AM no período 2017-2020. No estado do Amazonas, no período analisado foram evidenciados casos notificados de Raiva, Leishmaniose Visceral, Leishmaniose Tegumentar, Leptospirose, Febre Maculosa, Hantavirose, e Doença de Chagas Aguda. No Município de Presidente Figueiredo somente foram notificadas as zoonoses Leishmaniose Tegumentar e Leptospirose, e ocorreu um surto de cinomose no ano de 2020, que acometeu 17 animais e expôs mais 10 animais susceptíveis à infecção. Durante o surto de doença com sinais neurológicos em cães no município os técnicos da vigilância epidemiológica promoveram uma investigação epidemiológica, a análise clínica e laboratorial dos animais acometidos e concluíram com base nos dados e resultados se tratar de um surto de cinomose. Portanto, há ocorrência do vírus da cinomose nos cães do município de Presidente Figueiredo, e embora os casos neurológicos em cães não tenham sido detectados como decorrentes da infecção pelo vírus rábico, ressalta-se o trabalho constante de vigilância e investigação como essenciais para assegurar a saúde única no município, tendo em vista o diagnóstico diferencial da raiva

Meningocele and Meningoencephalocele in Piglets: Pathologic and Imaging Aspects

Background: Meningocele and meningoencephalocele are rare congenital deformities characterized by herniation of the meninges and of the meninges and brain tissue through a bone defect in the skull (cranioschisis), respectively. Descriptions of these malformations in pigs are scarce in the international literature and non-existent in Brazil, with only one case of cranioschisis with brain exposure (without protrusion of the meninges and covered by skin) reported to date. Here, we report a case of meningocele and another of meningoencephalocele in piglets in the state of Bahia and describe the main related anatomopathological and imaging characteristics (radiographic and ultrasonographic).Case: The congenital malformations occurred in newborn piglets from a farm located in the city of Catu, Bahia, Brazil, which presented with an evident large saccular area positioned dorsally to the head. The animals died 48 h after birth and were referred to the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of the Federal University of Bahia, for the studies and diagnostic conclusion. Postmortem ultrasound examinations showed that the region was filled with fluid and associated with a small brain protrusion in case 1 and a defect in the skull bone, which had its orifice dimensions estimated. Despite the superimposition of structures, the skull malformation was identified on radiographic examination (case 1) and measured on ultrasonographic examination (cases 1 and 2). During necropsy, the piglets presented with a marked marked bulge of saccular appearance under the skin in the frontal region. The saccular formation was floating, internally covered by dura mater and filled with reddish serous liquid (liquor).Discussion: The diagnoses of meningoencephalocele and meningocele in newborn piglets were established based on morphological changes identified on ultrasound and necropsy. Although the ultrasound diagnosis of meningocele and meningoencephalocele are routinely made in human medicine, they are still limited in veterinary medicine in cases of malformations in production animals, with no case report in pigs. A Brazilian textbook on pig diseases cites these diseases among the main malformations that affect this species, although data on epidemiology and anatomopathological and imaging findings are not described, which highlights the importance of this study. As for the etiology of these malformations, the occurrence of two cases in piglets from the same farm in the present report may suggest the presence of genetic factors. The confirmation that inbreeding is common at farms where the cases occurred, and absence of herd renewal since 2014 (continuous use of the same breeders), reinforced this hypothesis, since inbreeding results in serious reproductive and productive disorders due to increased homozygosis and, consequently, due to the frequency of genotypes with recessive genes that cause various malformations in animals. This fact reinforces the need to make producers aware of the importance of avoiding inbreeding and the use of breeders that have generated malformed piglets to reduce the frequency of malformations. Additional studies on congenital malformations in pigs in Brazil are necessary because of the scarcity of existing data, particularly regarding the etiology and anatomopathological and imaging characteristics of these diseases

The development of skills in Primary Health Care nurses for coping with social inequalities in health

The objective of this study was to identify and develop skills with Primary Health Care nurses to work the social inequalities in health. This is a qualitative research based on action-research, performed with six primary health care nurses in a municipality of Minas Gerais, who participated in educational workshops addressing coping strategies for social inequalities in health. The data collection occurred through a focal group and non-participant observation, from March to May 2018. The data were analyzed through the thematic content analysis technique. The identification and training of skills to cope with this was founded on knowledge, skills and attitudes. The participants stressed the importance of knowing their role in the scenario where they work, as well as the functioning of the Health Care Network and legislation to support them to coping with this problem, being the communicational skills essential in this process. The knowledge acquired in the workshop enabled participants to recognize attitudes in their professional routine, which enable them to act in the face of this reality. The present study indicates the importance of appreciating and strengthening the training of nurses for the development of competences to act on social inequalities

Profile of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in transmission areas in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2007 to 2017.

BACKGROUND: American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is a widespread anthropozoonosis caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and is considered a serious public health problem. The aim of this study was to provide a descriptive analysis of confirmed ATL cases and evaluate the spatial distribution of ATL in high-risk transmission areas from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: An ecological, analytical, and retrospective study of the confirmed cases of ATL in Minas Gerais from 2007 to 2017 was conducted. To characterize these cases, multiple correspondence analysis and georeferencing of the ATL prevalence rates in the municipalities were conducted based on variables obtained at Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação and Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística databases. RESULTS: There were 13,025 confirmed cases of ATL from 74.4% (635) municipalities of Minas Gerais, corresponding to a prevalence rate of 66.5 cases for every 100,000 inhabitants. Males aged 20 to 59 years and individuals who attended elementary school were most affected with ATL. Multiple correspondence analysis presented an accumulated qui-squared value of 44.74%, proving that there was a relationship between the variables, including ethnicity, age, pregnancy status, zone of infection, and number of cases. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that ATL is endemic to Minas Gerais, and there is high risk of infection within the municipalities due to a high rate of parasite transmission. The occurrence of infection in children, pregnant women, and the indigenous population demonstrates the need for the government to expand social policies aimed at vulnerable groups

The Elderly’s Thoughts and Attitudes about Polypharmacy and Deprescribing: A Qualitative Pilot Study in Portugal

The high prevalence of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly makes them a vulnerable group to adverse drug events. Deprescribing is the medication review plus cessation of potentially inappropriate medications with a health professional’s help. Several barriers and enablers influence it, and its knowledge can help health professionals. The objective of the study is to understand the Portuguese elderly’s attitudes and ideas about polypharmacy and deprescription. We made a qualitative approach through a focus group with elderly patients from an adult daycare center with transcription and codification into themes and subthemes based on previous frameworks. Eleven elderly patients participated in the focus group. The identified elderly’s ideas and attitudes could be clustered into five main barriers: appropriateness, process, influences, fear, and habit, and five main enablers: appropriateness, process, influences, dislike, and cost. Although the elderly’s strong beliefs regarding medication benefits and necessity prevail, contrary opinions regarding lack of benefit/necessity, drug interaction/side effects, and medication complexity/number may influence their willingness to deprescribe positively. The health professional’s influence and the patient’s trust in their doctors were perceived essential for decision-making as either a barrier or an enabler. The medication benefit was a big barrier, and side effects/drug interaction experiences are an important enabler.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Epidemiological determinants of Chrysomya (Diptera: calliphoridae) infestation in layer farms of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Aspects related to the epidemiology of Diptera belonging to genus Chrysomya were studied in order to determine predisposing factors for their occurrence in commercial laying hens farms from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. An observational, analytical and sectional survey was conducted to verify the main epidemiological determinants of infestations by Chrysomya spp. Forty-three farms were visited in 2012 and these 13 (30,23%) were infested by Chrysomya putoria, 4 (9,30%) by Chrysomya megacephala and 2 (4,65%) by Chrysomya albiceps and in 2 farms (4,65%) was not possible to identify the species of Chrysomya. The epidemiological determinants for the occurrence of infestations by Chrysomya spp. were investigated using multiple logistic regression models. Housing clustering type and its conditions were important factors involved in epidemiology of these species (OR=5.05, 95% CI = 2.66 to 9.58, p = 0.000). It was also observed that the increase of the humidity of manure leads to increase chances of infestations (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.36 to 2.40, p = 0.000). The presence of the beetle “lesser mealworm” (Alphitobius diaperinus) (OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.067 to 0.36, p = 0.000) was characterized as a protective factor against infestations, probably due to predation behavior of the beetle. Some regions of the state were characterized as lower risk areas for Chrysomya spp. infestation as compared to other regions. Management measures, such as constant monitoring of water leaks on manure, adequate composting of dead poultry and periodic removal of manure could assist in decreasing the presence of Chrysomya spp. inside the laying houses

Dengue em crianças: Aspectos epidemiológicos no estado do Rio de janeiro entre 2005 e 2014

A dengue é considerada a arbovirose mais importante do mundo, possui incidência elevada nas regiões tropicais dos quatro continentes. Em decorrência do processo de endemização do dengue no Brasil, vem ocorrendo uma mudança na sua distribuição etária, havendo um aumento da incidência em menores de 15 anos. A compreensão do curso da doença a partir da análise da situação epidemiológica é fundamental para a tomada de decisões acerca das ações de saúde e torna-se uma importante estratégia na avaliação epidemiológica e na assistência ao paciente. Objetiva-se relatar a epidemiologia da dengue no estado do Rio de Janeiro, entre 2005 e 2014. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico quantitativo descritivo, com componente retrospectivo, desenvolvido a partir de análise secundária, provenientes do Banco de Dados do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), através do Sistema de Informação de Saúde (TABNET), seção epidemiológica e morbidade, subseção morbidade hospitalar do SUS, geral, por local de internação referente ao período de 2005 a 2014. Foram notificados 18.358 casos, sendo 15.797 (86,05%) de dengue clássica e 2.561 (13,95%) de dengue hemorrágica. Cinquenta e seis evoluíram com óbito, sendo 14 (25%) por dengue clássica e 42 (75%) por dengue hemorrágica. Recomenda-se que novos estudos sejam realizados frente a esta temática, contribuindo com o processo de monitoramento desta patologia que ainda mantém um crescimento acima das recomendações do Ministério da Saúde e da OMS, portanto, espera-se que as informações demonstradas neste estudo possam colaborar com os gestores e profissionais de saúde, sensibilizado estes com relação à importância da dengue em nosso estado