Plant selection in F2 segregating populations of papaya from commercial hybrids

Horse drawn cart driving between piles of hay.GrayscaleSorensen Safety Negatives, Binder: Europe

Relação entre plantas nativas do Cerrado e água

The distribution of vegetation in the Cerrado biome is mainly related to soil depth, since it establishes the stock of nutrients and water in the soil until the end of the dry season. The work deals with the evolution of the native plants of this biome, bringing the main anatomical, phenological and physiological adaptations related to water availability in the soil. Reduction in transpiration rate, investment in thickened and deep root systems, physiological seed dormancy and accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates in tissues are the main adaptive characteristics of these plants to Cerrado conditions. Some species have an efficient mechanism of osmotic adjustment, being able to redistribute water in the tissues even in the condition of water deficit, which allows them, at slow rates, to grow and development.A distribuição da vegetação no bioma Cerrado relaciona-se principalmente à profundidade do solo, uma vez que esta estabelece o estoque de nutrientes e de água no solo até o final da estação seca. O trabalho aborda a evolução das plantas nativas deste bioma, trazendo as principais adaptações anatômicas, fenológicas e fisiológicas relacionadas com a disponibilidade hídrica no solo. Redução na taxa de transpiração, investimento em sistemas radiculares espessados e profundos, dormência fisiológica de sementes e acúmulo de carboidratos não-estruturais em tecidos são as principais características adaptativas destas plantas às condições do Cerrado. Algumas espécies possuem eficiente mecanismo de ajustamento osmótico, sendo capazes de redistribuir água nos tecidos mesmo em condição de déficit hídrico, o que as permite, em taxas lentas, crescerem e se desenvolverem

Computer Aided Design Modelling and Finite Element Analysis of Premolar Proximal Cavities Restored with Resin Composites

This study evaluated the stress distribution in five different class II cavities of premolar models restored with conventional or bulk-fill flowable composite by means of finite element analysis (FEA) under shrinkage and occlusal loading. An upper validated premolar model was imported in the software, and five class II cavities with different occlusal extensions and dimensions were prepared: horizontal cavity on the mesial surface (horizontal slot), mesio-occlusal cavity, mesial cavity (vertical slot), tunnel type cavity and direct access cavity. The models were restored with conventional or bulk-fill flowable resin composite. The tested materials were considered as homogeneous, linear, and isotropic. The Maximum Principal Stress criteria was chosen to evaluate the tensile stress results. The lowest shrinkage stress value was observed in the direct access cavity restored with bulk-fill flowable resin composite (36.12 MPa). The same cavity, restored with conventional composite showed a score of 36.14 MPa. The horizontal slot cavity with bulk-fill flowable showed a score of 46.71 MPa. The mesio-occlusal cavity with bulk-fill flowable had a score of 53.10 MPa, while with conventional composite this was 55.35 MPa. Higher shrinkage stress was found in the vertical slot cavity with conventional resin 56.14 MPa, followed by the same cavity with bulk-fill flowable 56.08 MPa. Results indicated that the use of bulk-fill flowable composite resin more significantly decreased the polymerization shrinkage stress magnitude. The larger the cavity and the volume of material necessary to restore the tooth, the greater the residual stress on enamel and dentin tissue

Influence of Polymeric Restorative Materials on the Stress Distribution in Posterior Fixed Partial Dentures: 3D Finite Element Analysis

This study evaluated the effect of interim restorative materials (acrylic resin (AR), resin composite (RC) or polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for dental computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)) on the stress distribution of a posterior three-unit fixed partial denture

Feasibility of reducing frailty components in older adults with Alzheimer's dementia:a randomized controlled home-based exercise trial (AD-HOMEX)

Objectives: There is a need for interventions to reduce frailty in older people with Alzheimer's dementia (AD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a home-based multimodal exercise program for older adults with AD (AD-HOMEX) on frailty. Design: A parallel single-blind randomized controlled trial comparing a home-based exercise program and usual care. Setting and participants: A home-based program in Brazil. Forty individuals aged 65 years or older with mild to moderate AD. Methods: The intervention group (IG) participated in a 16-week protocol involving three 60-minute sessions per week of progressive individualized physical exercises supervised by a physical therapist. The participants in the control group (CG) maintained their usual care. Frailty was assessed using the FRAIL questionnaire, the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) and a subjective assessment by the evaluator (SAE) at baseline and follow-up. Per-protocol analysis was performed. Results: Thirty-five participants completed the program (IG = 16; CG = 19). Frailty improved in the IG based on the EFS (P = .004) and FRAIL (P Conclusions and implications: AD-HOMEX seems to reduce frailty and improve frailty transition patterns. Our findings provide a further theoretical basis for designing home-based physical interventions as routine practice for older frail adults with AD

ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE SATUREJA MONTANA L.: ANÁLISE CROMATOGRÁFICA, DETERMINAÇÃO DAS ATIVIDADES ANTIOXIDANTE E ANTIFÚNGICA

As plantas constituem fontes importantes de compostos biologicamente ativos, muitos dos quais são protótipos de síntese de um grande número de fármacos. Muitos trabalhos científicos relatam que os óleos essenciais possuem propriedades antifúngicas, antibacterianas, inseticidas, antioxidante, entre outras. Essas atividades podem ser atribuídas aos constituintes presentes nos óleos essenciais, que desempenham funções de proteção aos organismos vivos, resguardando-os contra micro-organismos, insetos e produção excessiva de radicais livres. No presente estudo, objetivou-se caracterizar e quantificar os constituintes químicos do óleo essencial de Satureja montana L., avaliar as atividades antioxidantes pelos métodos do sequestro do radical DPPH e β-caroteno/ácido linoleico e o efeito fungicida sobre os fitopatógenos Colletotrichum truncatum, Fusarium graminearum e Drechslera oryzae, pelo método de fumigação. Os constituintes majoritários encontrados no óleo essencial foram o timol, o carvacrol, o p-cimeno e o linalol. A atividade antioxidante do óleo essencial apresentou maior destaque diante do sistema β-caroteno/ácido linoleico. O óleo essencial apresentou atividade fungicida para todos os fungos testados, sendo que a partir da concentração de 250 μgmL-1 ocorreu a inibição total para todos os fitopatógenos em estudo.AbstractPlants are important sources of biologically active compounds, many of which are prototypes for the synthesis of a large number of drugs. Many scientific studies report that essential oils have antifungal, antibacterial, insecticide, and antioxidant activities, among others. These activities can be attributed to the constituents present in the essential oils that play protective roles in living organisms, protecting them against micro-organisms, insects and excessive production of free radicals. The present study sought to characterize and quantify the chemical constituents of the essential oil of Satureja montana L. and to evaluate the antioxidant activity by the sequestration of the DPPH radicals and the β-carotene/linoleic acid method. The fungicidal effect against the plant pathogens Colletotrichum truncatum, Fusarium graminearum and Drechslera oryzae were evaluated by the fumigation method. The major constituents found in the essential oil were thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene and linalool. The essential oil antioxidant activity showed greater emphasis on the β-carotene system/linoleic acid. The essential oil has fungicidal activity to all fungi tested and as from the concentration of 250 μgmL-1 there is complete inhibition for all pathogens in the study

Docência na Atualidade Brasileira: rastreando controvérsias acerca do movimento Escola Sem Partido

O movimento Escola sem Partido (ESP) teve sua origem por meio da veiculação de um site em 2004, porém, assumiu ampla visibilidade somente no ano de 2014 com os projetos de lei que passaram a tramitar no Congresso Nacional em sintonia com a respectiva temática. Em nome da defesa da liberdade de expressão, lideranças do ESP argumentam que o ensino deveria ser realizado exclusivamente com o objetivo da produção e difusão de conhecimento. Para tal, defendem a neutralidade nesse processo, argumentando pela abertura às diferentes abordagens investigativas e justificando seus posicionamentos com um suposto cenário da educação brasileira, onde um significativo número de docentes dotados de concepções políticas agiria com intenções de doutrinação dos seus discentes. O ESP divulga, em seu site, os diversos projetos de lei que tramitam pelo país com a respectiva temática. Tais projetos demonstram a abrangência do movimento na medida em que circulam nas dimensões federal, estadual e municipal. Parece que a atualidade da educação brasileira e, mais precisamente, os próprios contornos da docência, vivem momentos de intensa controvérsia. Qual seria o papel do professor na educação do país? Vemos controvérsias que circulam em um cenário que mistura mediadores diversos. Articulam-se a política, os professores, a grande mídia, pesquisas, alunos, o direito dentre outros. A fronteira da docência parece ser uma questão atual a ser respondida e definida por tal coletivo. O presente artigo, portanto, objetiva desenvolver uma cartografia descritiva da produção dos contornos daquilo que se entende por docência na atualidade brasileira. Busca-se evidenciar as redes heterogêneas de mediações que a produzem

Características Granulométricas e Morfológicas das Areias de Solos sobre Arenitos e Basaltos em Floraí/PR

This paper deals with the differences of the landforms and associated materials (rocks, soils and deposits) of the northwestern areas of the state of Paraná, Brazil. We present a detailed discussion of the geometry of a hillslope and the granulometric and morphologic characteristics of the sands of a soil formed on the sandstones of the Caiuá Formation (Bauru Group) against a soil profile evolved from the basalts of the Serra Geral Formation (São Bento Group), in the basin of the Gurupá. In order to accomplish that, a series of procedures were conducted in the office, field and laboratory, all relatedto techniques used in Pedology, Sedimentology and Geomorphology, in a multi-scalar approach, which allowed for the description and analysis of the landforms and materials. In conclusion, we point to the clear morphological differences between the sand grains of the different soil profiles and to the moresubtle differences regarding mineralogic and granulometric characteristics. The Argisols, formed from sandstone, present quartz grains which are preferably rugged, with a vitreous/matte shine and a subangular/subrounded shape, depending on the depth, while the Nitisols, connected to the basalts presents grains of quartz which are predominantly rugged, matte and subrounded. These results corroborate with the hypothesis that suggests that the Caiuá Formation has two stages of deposition, eolic and fluvial/lacustrine, contradicting the idea of an exclusively eolic depositional environment. Besides that, the characteristics seen in the superficial volume, common to both soils, do not show a continuity in depth within the Nitisol, which indicates an allochthonous genesis of these materials on the basalt.O artigo aborda as diferenças nas formas de relevo e materiais associados (rochas, solos e depósitos) do setor noroeste do estado do Paraná, região sul do Brasil. Discute, em nível de detalhe, a geometria de uma vertente e as especificidades granulométricas e morfológicas das areias de um solo sobre o arenito da Formação Caiuá (Grupo Bauru), em comparação com outro nos basaltos da Formação Serra Geral (Grupo São Bento), na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Gurupá. Para tanto, foram realizados procedimentos em gabinete, campo e laboratório, ligados a metodologias e técnicas da Pedologia, Sedimentologia e Geomorfologia em uma sequência multiescalar, que subsidiaram a descrição e análise das formas e materiais. Conclui que há claras diferenças morfológicas entre grãos de areia dos dois perfis, porém na mineralogia e granulometria as distinções são sutis.  O Argissolo, sobre o arenito, possui grãos de quartzo preferencialmente rugosos, polidos/foscos e arredondamento subangular/subarredondado dependendo da profundidade, enquanto o Nitossolo, oriundo dos basaltos, contém grãos rugosos, foscos e subarredondados em sua maioria. Estes resultados corroboram com a hipótese de que a Formação Caiuá possui duas fácies, uma de deposição eólica e outra flúvio-lacustre, contrariando a ideia que propõe um contexto exclusivamente eólico. Além disto, as características encontradas no volume superficial, comum aos dois solos, não possui continuidade em profundidade no Nitossolo, o que indica uma gênese alóctone deste material sobre o basalto

Assessment of the experimental infection by Echinostoma paraensei (Lie & Basch, 1967) (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in two Biomphalaria tenagophila (D’Orbigny, 1835) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) isolates resistant and susceptible to Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon, 1907) (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae)

Different isolates of Biomphalaria tenagophila show a large spectrum of compatibility to the trematode Schistosoma mansoni, ranging from entirely refractory to highly susceptible. The aim of this study was to verify the pattern of compatibility of two B. tenagophila geographical isolates, resistant and susceptible to S. mansoni, when infected with Echinostoma paraensei. The snails were exposed to different numbers of miracidia, and mortality, histopathological characteristics and the number of cercariae released were evaluated. A correlation between the number of miracidia and the infectivity rate of B. tenagophila (TAIM) was observed. There was no correlation between the number of miracidia used and the number of cercariae released for both B. tenagophila isolates. Biomphalaria tenagophila (SJC) showed little susceptibility to the E. paraensei infection. The results demonstrate different degrees of compatibility for the two B. tenagophila isolates when infected with E. paraensei, and may contribute to studies about host-parasite relationships

Improvement of in vivo anticancer and antiangiogenic potential of thalidomide derivatives

AbstractThe strategy of antiangiogenic drugs is based on inhibiting formation of new blood vessels as alternative to limit cancer progression. In this work, we investigated the antitumor and antiangiogenic potential of eight thalidomide derivatives. Most of the molecules was not cytotoxic but 2a, 2d and 3d revealed weak antiproliferative activity on HL-60, Sarcoma 180 (S180) and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Thalidomide, 2a and 2b were able to inhibit tumor growth (53.5%, 67.9% and 67.4%, respectively) in S180-bearing mice and presented moderate and reversible toxicity on liver, kidneys and spleens. Both analogs (2a and 2b) inhibited cell migration of endothelial (HUVEC) and melanoma cells (MDA/MB-435) at 50μg/mL. Immunohistochemistry labeling assays with CD-31 (PECAM-1) antibody showed microvascular density (MVD) was significantly reduced in thalidomide, 2a and 2b groups (30±4.9, 64.6±1.8 and 46.5±19.5%, respectively) (p<0.05). Neovascularization evaluated by Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay (CAM) with compounds 2a and 2b showed reduction of vessels’ number (12. 9±2.3 and 14.8±3.3%), neovascularization area (13.1±1.7 and 14.3±1.7%) and total length of vessels (9.2±1.5 and 9.9±1.9%). On the other hand, thalidomide did not alter vascularization parameters. Consequently, addition of thiosemicarbazone pharmacophore group into the phthalimidic ring improved the in vivo antitumor and antiangiogenic potential of the analogs 2a and 2b