Productive Structure and Income Distribution: the Brazilian Case.

This study deals with the impacts of structural changes on income distribution in Brazil in the period 1992-2002. A Pure Leontief Model and a Leontief-Miazawa Model were utilized to portray the structure of the economy in both years, and to perform counterfactual simulations on some important changes occurring during the period. The methodology allowed for the identification of the high and low inequality sectors in both years, and to their contribution to the increasing inequality during the period. It is interesting to notice that some sectors with low internal inequality ended-up provoking increased global inequality through their interaction pattern with other sectors in the economy,and through the consumption structure. The results also indicate that the change in sectoral shares in the period contributed to diminishing inequality. Therefore, the causes for increasing inequality remains within the distribution of wages within the sectors.

Productive Structure and Income Distribution: the Brazilian Case.

This study deals with the impacts of structural changes on income distribution in Brazil in the period 1992-2002. A Pure Leontief Model and a Leontief-Miazawa Model were utilized to portray the structure of the economy in both years, and to perform counterfactual simulations on some important changes occurring during the period. The methodology allowed for the identification of the high and low inequality sectors in both years, and to their contribution to the increasing inequality during the period. It is interesting to notice that some sectors with low internal inequality ended-up provoking increased global inequality through their interaction pattern with other sectors in the economy,and through the consumption structure. The results also indicate that the change in sectoral shares in the period contributed to diminishing inequality. Therefore, the causes for increasing inequality remains within the distribution of wages within the sectors

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis rat model attenuated by a remote ischemic preconditioning in the pregnant

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (r-IPC) administered to pregnant rats, in the ileum of newborn rats subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation. Methods: We used three pregnant rats and their newborn rats distributed in three groups: 1) Control (C) - Newborn rats born from a pregnant rat which did not undergo any intervention2) Hypoxia-Reoxygenation (H/R) - Newborn rats born from a pregnant rat which did not undergo any intervention, and were subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation3) Remote Ischemic Preconditioning (r-IPC) - newborn rats born from a pregnant rat which was subjected to remote ischemic preconditioning twenty-four hours before giving birth and the newborn rats were subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation. Segments of ileum were prepared for histological analysis by HE and immunohistochemistry by the Ki67 to evaluate cell proliferation, crypt depth and villus height and evaluation of apoptosis by cleaved caspase-3. Results: The intensity of the lesions was lower in the r-IPC than in the H/R group, showing significant difference (p H/R - p H/R - (p < 0.01). The occurrence of apoptosis in the H/R group was lower in comparison to groups C and r-IPC, with significant difference (H/R < r-IPCp<0.05). Conclusion: The remote ischemic preconditioning applied to the pregnant rat protected the ileum of newborn rats subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation, with decreased intensity of the lesions in the ileum mucosa and preservation of proliferative activity, keeping the villus height and crypt depth similar to group C.Univ Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Postgrad Program Interdisciplinary Surg Sci, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Lab Surg Physiopathol LIM 62, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Surg, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Pediat Surg, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Pediat Surg Res Lab, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Postgrad Program Interdisciplinary Surg Sci, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Surg, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Pediat Surg, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Pediat Surg Res Lab, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

The effect of simvastatin on the regeneration of surgical cavities in the femurs of rabbits

PURPOSE:To evaluate the effect of a local application of simvastatin gel in repairing bone defects in the femurs of rabbits.METHODS:Two standard surgical cavities were created in the femoral epiphysis of 18 rabbits. In the simvastatin group (SG), the cavities were filled with a collagen sponge soaked in 0.5 ml of a simvastatin (1 mg) gel, and the cavities were covered with a biological membrane. The bone cavities in the second group (control group) were filled with a blood clot and covered with a biological membrane. On the 7th, 21st and 42nd days, six animals in each group were euthanized, and the femurs were subject to histological evaluation (vascularity, fibrosis, reactive bone formation, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts) and immunohistochemical (anti-VEGF and anti-osteocalcin) analysis. The results were analyzed using a Wilcoxon test (p<0.05).RESULTS:There were significant differences between the two groups: the SG had greater scores in comparison with the CG in terms of the degree of vascularity on the 7th and the 21st days, fibrosis on the 21st day, bone formation reaction on the 21st and the 42nd days and the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts on the 42nd day. The immunohistochemical expression was also greater for osteocalcin and VEGF on the 7th, 21st and 42nd days.CONCLUSION:Surgical defects created in rabbit femurs were treated locally with simvastatin gel to stimulate bone repair, which promoted an ameliorative effect in the morphological and immunohistochemical markers of bone regeneration.São Paulo Federal University Department of SurgeryUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of SurgerySão Paulo University School of Medicine Institute of Orthopedics and TraumatologySão Paulo Federal University Department of SurgeryUNIFESP, Department of SurgerySciEL

Technological Forecasting of Traditional Knowledge Associated with Babassu

Babassu is a native palm tree from Brazil traditionally used by Indigenous Peoples (IP) and Traditional Communities (TC), in order to produce medicines applied in different treatments. Some of these medicinal applications have been scientifically analyzed in order to prove their pharmacological potentialities and have also been an object of interest for the protection of Intellectual Property Rights. The objective of this work was to carry out the technological forecasting of traditional knowledge associated with babassu related to the treatments applied by traditional medicine and to analyze the indicators connected with to the protection of Intellectual Property Rights. Initially, we conducted a survey of ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies, presenting applications of babassu performed by traditional medicine. Subsequently, we presented a literature review, focused on analyzing the effects of babassu according to the practices of traditional medicine. Finally, we analyzed the records of filed patents made in World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), European Patent Office (EPO) and Latin American Base of the European Patent Office (LATIPAT) in relation to previously identified Traditional Knowledge Associated (TKA). There were different types of babassu applications used by traditional medicine, according to the results of the ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies carried out in Brazil. The applications that stood out were related to anti-inflammatory and cicatrizant treatments. Most of the pharmacological research that focused on proving the medicinal potential associated with the use of babassu, analyzed applications in anti-inflammatory and cicatrizant treatments, which mostly demonstrated these potentialities. It was verified that the interests for the protection of Intellectual Property Rights of the TKA with babassu, and the anti-inflammatory and cicatrizant treatments, presented a growth. This study contributes with positive evidence for the medicinal and cosmetic potentialities of babassu presented by traditional medicine. However, it also shows that holders of TKA have not been involved in the processes of protection of Intellectual Property Rights of inventions that apply TKA with babassu. In view of the related conflicts, it is suggested that TKA be valued in management and conservation practices

Risco para violência autoprovocada: prenuncio de tragédia, oportunidade de prevenção

In Brazil, more than 30 self-inflicted deaths per day were registered in 2012, with an estimated number of suicide attempts being 10 to 20 times higher, requiring intersectoral strategies to prevent new cases and follow at-risk groups. The objective of this study was to analyze the association of factors considered of risk for suicide attempt in people attending at a referral hospital in the northern region of Ceará, using the population-based case-control method. We included 153 cases and 153 controls admitted between August 2013 and August 2015, matched by gender, age and origin. Data collection was carried out by means of an appropriate form and information was processed using SPSS. Young adults prevailed, without significant difference by gender, in the sample of cases. Exogenous intoxication emerged as the leading method, and love and family conflict were the main reasons. Leisure proved to be a protective factor. The risk factors were ‘previous suicide attempt’, ‘having some kind of a mental disorder’, ‘family history of self-injurious behavior’ and ‘drug abuse’. Many of the controls reported suicidal ideation at some point in their lives. Screening is recommended from the most striking predictors and awareness-raising for notification.En Brasil, se registraron más de 30 óbitos auto-provocados por día en 2012 siendo la estimativa para los Intentos de Suicidio entre 10 y 20 veces mayor, lo que exige estrategias intersectoriales para prevenir nuevos casos y hacer un seguimiento de los grupos de riesgo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la asociación de factores considerados de riesgo con el intento de suicidio en personas atendidas en un hospital de referencia de la región norte de Ceará a partir del método caso-control de base poblacional. Fueron incluidos 153 casos y 153 controles admitidos entre agosto de 2013 y agosto de 2015 emparejados por sexo, edad y procedencia. La recolección de los datos fue realizada mediante un formulario propio y las informaciones procesadas por el SPSS. En la muestra de casos prevalecieron los adultos jóvenes sin diferencia significativa por sexo. Se destacó como método la Intoxicación Exógena y las motivaciones por conflictos amorosos y familiares. El ocio demostró ser protector. Los factores de riesgo fueron ‘intento de suicidio anterior’, ‘ser portador de algún trastorno mental’, ‘histórico familiar de comportamiento auto-lesivo’ y ‘abuso de drogas’. Muchos de los controles refirieron ideas suicidas en algún momento de su vida. Se recomienda el seguimiento a partir de los predictores más impactantes y la sensibilización para la notificación.No Brasil, foram registrados mais de 30 óbitos autoprovocados por dia em 2012 sendo a estimativa para as Tentativas de Suicídio cerca de 10 a 20 vezes maior o que exige estratégias intersetoriais para prevenir novos casos e acompanhar os grupos de risco. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a associação de fatores considerados de risco com a tentativa de suicídio em pessoas atendidas em um hospital de referência da região norte do Ceará a partir do método caso-controle de base populacional. Foram incluídos 153 casos e 153 controles admitidos entre agosto de 2013 e agosto de 2015 pareados por sexo, idade e procedência. A coleta de dados foi realizada por um formulário próprio e as informações processadas pelo SPSS. Na amostra de casos prevaleceram os adultos jovens sem diferença significativa por sexo. Destacou-se como método a Intoxicação Exógena e as motivações por conflitos amorosos e familiares. O lazer demonstrou-se protetor. Os fatores de risco foram ‘Tentativa de suicídio anterior’, ‘ser portador de algum transtorno mental’, ‘histórico familiar de comportamento autolesivo’ e ‘uso abusivo de drogas’. Muitos dos controles referiram ideação suicida em algum momento da vida. Recomenda-se o rastreamento a partir dos preditores mais impactantes e a sensibilização para notificação

O impacto da biblioteca acadêmica de odontologia: estudo de caso na ULisboa e na FOUSP

A importância da avaliação da biblioteca é amplamente reconhecida como um procedimento útil para entender e intervir melhor na realidade desses serviços. De fato, as metodologias de avaliação buscam não apenas medir desempenhos e impactos, mas também preparar uma ação sequencial para melhorar seus serviços oferecidos. Este artigo apresenta a pesquisa realizada para verificar, descrever e avaliar o impacto da biblioteca acadêmica como espaço de apoio e investigação na área da saúde oral com base em um instrumento concreto - padrões ISO 16439: 2014 (E) a ser aplicados na forma questionário presencial e/ou on-line na Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade de Lisboa e na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo (FOUSP), desenvolvendo-se uma reflexão teórica com base nos conceitos de espaços de biblioteca no contexto universitário sobre tais impactos dessas bibliotecas universitárias no comportamento dos usuários em relação à informação

Fatores genéticos predisponentes no transtorno bipolar: uma revisão integrativa/ Predisposing genetic factors in bipolar disorder: an integrative review

Objetivo: Discutir sobre a predisposição genética presente no transtorno bipolar, citar alelos, genes e regiões cromossômicas mais envolvidas, através de uma revisão integrativa. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com dados coletados e analisados no período de dezembro/2018 a janeiro/2019 na plataforma da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde incluindo estudos originais disponíveis na íntegra, nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês, publicados nos anos: 2007 a 2017, com palavras-chave “transtorno bipolar” e “predisposição genética”. Resultados: Diante disto foram identificados 192.779 artigos utilizando as palavras-chave de forma isolada. Fazendo uso dos critérios de inclusão restaram 512 artigos, posteriormente foi utilizada a estratégia PICO. Após filtros e estratégia PICO foram estudados de forma minuciosa 15 artigos científicos. Através dos dados, apresentados em quadro e gráfico, é possível predizer que há uma gama de fatores genéticos (polimorfismos, alelos, genes e regiões cromossômicas) que predispõem ao fenótipo do transtorno bipolar. Sendo que nos estudos analisados, houve a predominância dos genes ANK3, BDNF, TPH1/2, DAOA e CACNA1C.  Conclusão: Mais estudos são necessários para comprovar esses achados e levar à identificação de variantes funcionais. O tamanho da amostra continuará sendo um fator limitante na descoberta de alelos comuns associados ao transtorno bipolar

Effects of maternal ischemic preconditioning in the colon of newborn rats submitted to hypoxia-reoxygenation insult

PURPOSE:To evaluate the effects of maternal remote ischemic preconditioning (IPCr) in the colonic mucosa of newborn rats subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation.METHODS: Newborn Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Control Group (CG), Hypoxia and Reoxygenation Group (HRG) and Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Group (IPCrG). Hypoxia and reoxygenation was performed 2x per day, with an interval of 6 hours, on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days of life, with 10 minutes of CO2 at 100%, followed by 10 minutes O2 at 100%(HRG/IPCrG). The maternal IPCr was performed 24 hours before delivery by applying a rubber band tourniquet to the left hind limb (IPCrG). Segments of the colon underwent histological (HE) and immunohistochemical analysis for caspase-3 and COX - 2.RESULTS:The histological findings showed no intestinal mucosal damage in the CG group and severe lesions in HRG that was attenuated in the IPCrG (p<0.05). The expression of the apoptotic cells was lower in the HRG group than in the CG and IPCrG. The COX-2 expression was intense in HRG and attenuated in the IPCrG (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Maternal IPCr protected the colonic mucosa of newborn rats subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation, reducing the morphological alterations and inflammatory response. It ameliorates the occurrence of apoptosis, keeping the physiological process of renewal and regeneration in the epithelial lining of the colonic mucosa.Federal University of São Paulo Paulista School of MedicinevFaculty of Medicine of MariliaUNIVASF Faculty of MedicineUNIFESP-EPM Department of PathologyUSP FM Department of SurgeryUNIFESP-EPM Department of Pediatric SurgeryUNIFESP, Paulista School of MedicinevUNIFESP, EPM Department of PathologyUNIFESP, EPM Department of Pediatric SurgerySciEL