30 research outputs found

    Evaluation of resistance genes and virulence factors in a food isolated Enterococcus durans with potential probiotic effect

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    AbstractEnterococci belong to the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) group, which are often considered to provide benefit to the host organism when consumed. However, these microorganisms have a potential as infective agents, being necessary to evaluate the presence of virulence factors and resistance to antibiotics to warrant the safe use of new strains as probiotic cultures. This study aimed to detect genes of potential virulence factors related with adhesion, aggregation, biofilm formation and resistance to vancomycin, in addition to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility and adhesion capacity of Enterococcus durans LA18s, a strain previously isolated from Minas Frescal cheese. The PCR reactions with specific primers to detect genes of adhesion collagen protein (ace), aggregation substances (agg and asa), bopA (putative glycosyltransferase), bopB (beta-phosphoglucomutase), bopC (aldose 1-epimerase), and bopD (sugar-binding transcriptional regulator) were negative for E. durans LAB18s. In addition, the strain did not present the resistance genes vanA, vanC1 and vanC2/3, and exhibited sensibility to antibiotics commonly used in animal feed, such as erythromycin, tetracycline, vancomycin, gentamicin and penicillin. This strain also showed a strong capacity of biofilm formation and exhibited satisfactory auto-aggregative and hydrophobicity features. The results suggest that this strain can be safely used in animal feed

    Diversidade, perfis de resistĂȘncia e virulĂȘncia de Enterococcus spp. em fezes de morcegos urbanos Tadarida brasiliensis (Brazilian free-tailed bats)

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     We aimed to evaluate the profile of enterococci from fecal samples of urban bats Tadarida brasiliensis collected at Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. Bat feces were collected and subjected to enterococci species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests for rifampicin, erythromycin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamicin, linezolid, nitrofurantoin, and vancomycin. The presence of resistance (ermA, ermC, ermB, msrC, vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2/3, tetM, tetM, and tetS) and virulence (ace, agg, cylA, esp, and gelE) genes was determined by PCR. In addition, fecal DNA was extracted and subjected to qPCR and PCR to detect the species E. casseliflavus, E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. gallinarum, E. hirae and E. mundtii, and resistance genes, respectively. A total 73 enterococci were isolated, of which E. faecalis, E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum, and E. mundtii were identified. Resistance phenotypes were observed for rifampicin (n= 53), erythromycin (n= 32), norfloxacin (n= 7), ciprofloxacin (n= 6) and tetracycline (n=1). Of the resistance genes tested in resistant isolates, only ermC and tetM were present. Six vancomycin-susceptible E. faecalis were positive for vanC1 and vanC2/3. Genes gelE, ace, agg, cylA and esp were detected in the isolates. In fecal DNA samples, all analyzed species and the genes ermC, tetM, vanA, vanB and vanC2/3 were observed. We conclude that different species of enterococci are present in feces of T. brasiliensis urban bats. The presence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in those animals may be related to anthropogenic action and/or linked to the resistome. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil dos enterococos em amostras de fezes de morcegos urbanos Tadarida brasiliensis coletadas no Rio Grande do Sul. Fezes de morcegos foram coletadas e submetidas Ă  identificação das espĂ©cies de enterococos e teste de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos rifampicina, eritromicina, norfloxacino, ciprofloxacino, tetraciclina ampicilina, cloranfenicol, estreptomicina, gentamicina, linezolida, nitrofurantoĂ­na e vancomicina. A presença dos genes de resistĂȘncia (ermA, ermB, ermC, msrC, vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2/3, tetM, tetM e tetS) e virulĂȘncia (ace, agg, cylA, esp e gelE) foi determinada por PCR. AlĂ©m disso, o DNA fecal foi extraĂ­do e submetido a qPCR e PCR para detectar as espĂ©cies E. casseliflavus, E.faecalis, E. faecium, E. gallinarum, E. hirae e E. mundtii e os genes de resistĂȘncia, respectivamente. Foram isolados 73 enterococos, sendo E. faecalis, E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum e E. mundtii identificados. FenĂłtipos de resistĂȘncia foram observados para rifampicina (n=53), eritromicina (n=32), norfloxacino (n=7), ciprofloxacino (n=6) e tetraciclina (n=1). Dos genes de resistĂȘncia testados nos isolados resistentes, somente os genes ermC e tetM estavam presentes. Seis E. faecalis suscetĂ­veis Ă  vancomicina foram positivos para vanC1 e vanC2/3. Os genes gelE, ace, agg, cylA e esp foram detectados nos isolados. Nas amostras de DNA fecal, todas as espĂ©cies analisadas e os genes ermC, tetM, vanA, vanB e vanC2/3 foram observados. Como conclusĂŁo, diferentes espĂ©cies de enterococos estĂŁo presentes nas fezes de morcegos urbanos de T. brasiliensis. A presença de enterococos resistentes nestes animais pode estar relacionada com ação antropogĂȘnica e/ou ligada ao resistoma

    Diversidade e perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana de Enterococcus sp. isolados das ĂĄguas do Arroio DilĂșvio - Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

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    The aim of this study was to determine the frequency enterococci species from DilĂșvio stream, in Porto Alegre RS, and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the isolates to antibiotics of human and veterinary importance. From March to December 2009, water samples were collected from the stream into five distinct points. Three hundred and forty eight enterococci were isolated from water samples collected at five points along the course of the creek flood and identified to the species level through their phenotypic profiles and PCR. The most frequent specie was E. faecium (68.67%), followed by E. faecalis (16.09%), E. casseliflavus (12.07%), E. hirae (2.58%) and E.gallinarum (0.57%). Points 1 and 3 showed no significant differences between the species. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that isolateswereresistant to erythromycin (81.07%), nitrofurantoin(37.26%), norfloxacin (34.82%), ciprofloxacin (32.55%), chloramphenicol (4.73), tetracycline (2.23%) and vancomycin (0.28%). There was a significant differences in the prevalence of antibiotic- resistant enterococci in the Points 4 and 5 (P <0.05). All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin and gentamicin. Species multiresistant to antibiotics were observed. The results of this study demonstrate that the flood waters of the stream can be a source of spread and persistence of resistant enterococci and their antibiotic resistance genes to humans and the environment, representing risks to the population.O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a frequĂȘncia das espĂ©cies de enterococos das ĂĄguas do arroio DilĂșvio, em Porto Alegre, RS, bem como avaliar o perfil susceptibilidade frente a antimicrobianos de importĂąncia clĂ­nica e veterinĂĄria. No perĂ­odo de março a dezembro de 2009, foram coletadas amostras de ĂĄguas do arroio em cinco pontos distintos, as quais foram submetidas Ă  avaliação microbiolĂłgica. Trezentos e quarenta e oito enterococos foram isolados das amostras de ĂĄgua coletadas nos cinco pontos ao longo do curso do arroio DilĂșvio e identificados em nĂ­vel de espĂ©cie por provas bioquĂ­micas e PCR. A espĂ©cie E. faecium (68,67%) foi a mais frequente, seguida de E. faecalis (16,09%), E. casseliflavus (12,07%), E. hirae (2,58%) e E.gallinarum (0,57%). Nos pontos 1 e 3 nĂŁo houve diferença significativa entre as espĂ©cies Os resultados dos testes de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos pelo mĂ©todo de difusĂŁo em disco revelaram que a maioria das bactĂ©rias era resistente a eritromicina (81,07%), nitrofurantoĂ­na (37,26%), norfloxacina (34,82%), ciprofloxacina (32,55%), cloranfenicol (4,73), tetraciclina (2,23%) e vancomicina (0,28%). Foi observada uma diferença significativa nos Pontos 4 e 5 quanto ao nĂșmero mĂ©dio de enterococos resistentes aos antibiĂłticos testados (P= 0,0174).Todos os isolados foram sensĂ­veis a ampicilina e a gentamicina. EspĂ©cies multirresistentes aos antimicrobianos foram observadas. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que as ĂĄguas do arroio DilĂșvio podem ser uma fonte de disseminação e persistĂȘncia de enterococos resistentes e de seus genes de resistĂȘncia aos antimicrobianos para os seres humanos e meio ambiente, representando riscos Ă  população

    Diversity, resistance profiles and virulence of Enterococcus spp. from fecal samples of Tadarida brasiliensis urban bats (Brazilian free-tailed bats)

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    O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil dos enterococos em amostras de fezes de morcegos urbanos Tadarida brasiliensis coletadas no Rio Grande do Sul. Fezes de morcegos foram coletadas e submetidas Ă  identificação das espĂ©cies de enterococos e teste de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos rifampicina, eritromicina, norfloxacino, ciprofloxacino, tetraciclina ampicilina, cloranfenicol, estreptomicina, gentamicina, linezolida, nitrofurantoĂ­na e vancomicina. A presença dos genes de resistĂȘncia (ermA, ermB, ermC, msrC, vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2/3, tetM, tetM e tetS) e virulĂȘncia (ace, agg, cylA, esp e gelE) foi determinada por PCR. AlĂ©m disso, o DNA fecal foi extraĂ­do e submetido a qPCR e PCR para detectar as espĂ©cies E. casseliflavus, E.faecalis, E. faecium, E. gallinarum, E. hirae e E. mundtii e os genes de resistĂȘncia, respectivamente. Foram isolados 73 enterococos, sendo E. faecalis, E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum e E. mundtii identificados. FenĂłtipos de resistĂȘncia foram observados para rifampicina (n=53), eritromicina (n=32), norfloxacino (n=7), ciprofloxacino (n=6) e tetraciclina (n=1). Dos genes de resistĂȘncia testados nos isolados resistentes, somente os genes ermC e tetM estavam presentes. Seis E. faecalis suscetĂ­veis Ă  vancomicina foram positivos para vanC1 e vanC2/3. Os genes gelE, ace, agg, cylA e esp foram detectados nos isolados. Nas amostras de DNA fecal, todas as espĂ©cies analisadas e os genes ermC, tetM, vanA, vanB e vanC2/3 foram observados. Como conclusĂŁo, diferentes espĂ©cies de enterococos estĂŁo presentes nas fezes de morcegos urbanos de T. brasiliensis. A presença de enterococos resistentes nestes animais pode estar relacionada com ação antropogĂȘnica e/ou ligada ao resistoma.We aimed to evaluate the profile of enterococci from fecal samples of urban bats Tadarida brasiliensis collected at Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. Bat feces were collected and subjected to enterococci species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests for rifampicin, erythromycin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamicin, linezolid, nitrofurantoin, and vancomycin. The presence of resistance (ermA, ermC, ermB, msrC, vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2/3, tetM, tetM, and tetS) and virulence (ace, agg, cylA, esp, and gelE) genes was determined by PCR. In addition, fecal DNA was extracted and subjected to qPCR and PCR to detect the species E. casseliflavus, E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. gallinarum, E. hirae and E. mundtii, and resistance genes, respectively. A total 73 enterococci were isolated, of which E. faecalis, E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum, and E. mundtii were identified. Resistance phenotypes were observed for rifampicin (n= 53), erythromycin (n= 32), norfloxacin (n= 7), ciprofloxacin (n= 6) and tetracycline (n=1). Of the resistance genes tested in resistant isolates, only ermC and tetM were present. Six vancomycin-susceptible E. faecalis were positive for vanC1 and vanC2/3. Genes gelE, ace, agg, cylA and esp were detected in the isolates. In fecal DNA samples, all analyzed species and the genes ermC, tetM, vanA, vanB and vanC2/3 were observed. We conclude that different species of enterococci are present in feces of T. brasiliensis urban bats. The presence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in those animals may be related to anthropogenic action and/or linked to the resistome

    Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Enterococcussp. isolatedfrom DilĂșvio stream waters, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

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    O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a frequĂȘncia das espĂ©cies de enterococos das ĂĄguas do arroio DilĂșvio, em Porto Alegre, RS, bem como avaliar o perfil susceptibilidade frente a antimicrobianos de importĂąncia clĂ­nica e veterinĂĄria. No perĂ­odo de março a dezembro de 2009, foram coletadas amostras de ĂĄguas do arroio em cinco pontos distintos, as quais foram submetidas Ă  avaliação microbiolĂłgica. Trezentos e quarenta e oito enterococos foram isolados das amostras de ĂĄgua coletadas nos cinco pontos ao longo do curso do arroio DilĂșvio e identificados em nĂ­vel de espĂ©cie por provas bioquĂ­micas e PCR. A espĂ©cie E. faecium (68,67%) foi a mais frequente, seguida de E. faecalis (16,09%), E. casseliflavus (12,07%), E. hirae (2,58%) e E.gallinarum (0,57%). Nos pontos 1 e 3 nĂŁo houve diferença significativa entre as espĂ©cies. Os resultados dos testes de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos pelo mĂ©todo de difusĂŁo em disco revelaram que a maioria das bactĂ©rias era resistente a eritromicina (81,07%), nitrofurantoĂ­na (37,26%), norfloxacina (34,82%), ciprofloxacina (32,55%), cloranfenicol (4,73), tetraciclina (2,23%) e vancomicina (0,28%). Foi observada uma diferença significativa nos Pontos 4 e 5 quanto ao nĂșmero mĂ©dio de enterococos resistentes aos antibiĂłticos testados (P= 0,0174).Todos os isolados foram sensĂ­veis a ampicilina e a gentamicina. EspĂ©cies multirresistentes aos antimicrobianos foram observadas. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que as ĂĄguas do arroio DilĂșvio podem ser uma fonte de disseminação e persistĂȘncia de enterococos resistentes e de seus genes de resistĂȘncia aos antimicrobianos para os seres humanos e meio ambiente, representando riscos Ă  população.The aim of this study was to determine the frequency enterococci species from DilĂșvio stream, in Porto Alegre RS, and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the isolates to antibiotics of human and veterinary importance. From March to December 2009, water samples were collected from the stream into five distinct points. Three hundred and forty eight enterococci were isolated from water samples collected at five points along the course of the creek flood and identified to the species level through their phenotypic profiles and PCR. The most frequent specie was E. faecium (68.67%), followed by E. faecalis (16.09%), E. casseliflavus (12.07%), E. hirae (2.58%) and E.gallinarum (0.57%). Points 1 and 3 showed no significant differences between the species. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that isolateswereresistant to erythromycin (81.07%), nitrofurantoin (37.26%), norfloxacin (34.82%), ciprofloxacin (32.55%), chloramphenicol (4.73), tetracycline (2.23%) and vancomycin (0.28%). There was a significant differences in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in the Points 4 and 5 (P <0.0174). All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin and gentamicin. Species multiresistant to antibiotics were observed. The results of this study demonstrate that the flood waters of the stream can be a source of spread and persistence of resistant enterococci and their antibiotic resistance genes to humans and the environment, representing risks to the population

    Transcriptional analysis of the virulence factors of Enterococcus faecalis

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    Enterococcus faecalis estĂŁo entre as principais causas de infecçÔes hospitalares em todo o mundo e Ă© uma das mais importantes na ĂĄrea clĂ­nica devido Ă  presença de inĂșmeros fatores de virulĂȘncia que reforçam sua patogenicidade. Estudos mostram que concentraçÔes subinibitĂłrias de antimicrobianos podem alterar a resposta transcricional e fenotĂ­pica de bactĂ©rias, porĂ©m pouco se sabe sobre como a vancomicina pode afetar a expressĂŁo gĂȘnica nos microrganismos portadores de seus genes de resistĂȘncia (genes van). Portanto, este trabalho objetivou avaliar presença e expressĂŁo de genes vanC em E. faecalis vancomicina-susceptĂ­veis e avaliar o comportamento de isolados Enterococos Vancomicina-Resistentes (EVR) na ausĂȘncia e presença de concentraçÔes subinibitĂłrias de vancomicina por PCR quantitativa. Identificamos a presença e a expressĂŁo de genes vanC em E. faecalis vancomicina-susceptĂ­veis, sendo estes genes especĂ­ficos para as espĂ©cies Enterococcus gallinarum e Enterococcus casseliflavus, sugere-se que o E. faecalis possa tĂȘ-los adquirido por transferĂȘncia horizontal. Verificamos que a presença de vancomicina in vitro Ă© capaz de interferir na modulação de genes de virulĂȘncia em isolados EVR, porĂ©m nĂŁo interfere na formação de biofilme destes isolados. Embora os dados aqui apresentados refiram-se a testes in vitro, podemos inferir que os genes vanC estĂŁo sendo transferidos para outras espĂ©cies e que a vancomicina pode estar contribuindo para o aumento na expressĂŁo de fatores de virulĂȘncia in vivo, levando ao agravamento de quadros clĂ­nicos.Enterococcus faecalis are among the leading causes of nosocomial infections worldwide and is one of the most important in the clinical area due to the presence of numerous virulence factors that enhance the pathogenicity. Studies show that sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics can alter the transcriptional and phenotypic response of bacteria, but little is known about the effect of vancomycin in gene expression in microorganism bearers of their resistance genes (genes van). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the presence and expression of vanC genes in E. faecalis vancomycin susceptible and evaluate the behavior of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) strains in the absence and presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin for Quantitative-PCR. We have identified the presence and expression of vanC genes in E. faecalis which are specific to Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliflavus species, it is suggested that the E. faecalis may have acquired these genes by horizontal gene transfer. We found that the presence of vancomycin in vitro is able of interfering with modulation of expression of virulence genes in VRE strains but does not interfere in the biofilm formation of these isolates. Although the data presented here were obtained from in vitro tests, we can infer that the vanC genes are being transferred to other species and that vancomycin may be contributing to the increase in the expression of virulence factors in vivo, leading to worseres clinical outcomes

    Transcriptional analysis of the virulence factors of Enterococcus faecalis

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    Enterococcus faecalis estĂŁo entre as principais causas de infecçÔes hospitalares em todo o mundo e Ă© uma das mais importantes na ĂĄrea clĂ­nica devido Ă  presença de inĂșmeros fatores de virulĂȘncia que reforçam sua patogenicidade. Estudos mostram que concentraçÔes subinibitĂłrias de antimicrobianos podem alterar a resposta transcricional e fenotĂ­pica de bactĂ©rias, porĂ©m pouco se sabe sobre como a vancomicina pode afetar a expressĂŁo gĂȘnica nos microrganismos portadores de seus genes de resistĂȘncia (genes van). Portanto, este trabalho objetivou avaliar presença e expressĂŁo de genes vanC em E. faecalis vancomicina-susceptĂ­veis e avaliar o comportamento de isolados Enterococos Vancomicina-Resistentes (EVR) na ausĂȘncia e presença de concentraçÔes subinibitĂłrias de vancomicina por PCR quantitativa. Identificamos a presença e a expressĂŁo de genes vanC em E. faecalis vancomicina-susceptĂ­veis, sendo estes genes especĂ­ficos para as espĂ©cies Enterococcus gallinarum e Enterococcus casseliflavus, sugere-se que o E. faecalis possa tĂȘ-los adquirido por transferĂȘncia horizontal. Verificamos que a presença de vancomicina in vitro Ă© capaz de interferir na modulação de genes de virulĂȘncia em isolados EVR, porĂ©m nĂŁo interfere na formação de biofilme destes isolados. Embora os dados aqui apresentados refiram-se a testes in vitro, podemos inferir que os genes vanC estĂŁo sendo transferidos para outras espĂ©cies e que a vancomicina pode estar contribuindo para o aumento na expressĂŁo de fatores de virulĂȘncia in vivo, levando ao agravamento de quadros clĂ­nicos.Enterococcus faecalis are among the leading causes of nosocomial infections worldwide and is one of the most important in the clinical area due to the presence of numerous virulence factors that enhance the pathogenicity. Studies show that sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics can alter the transcriptional and phenotypic response of bacteria, but little is known about the effect of vancomycin in gene expression in microorganism bearers of their resistance genes (genes van). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the presence and expression of vanC genes in E. faecalis vancomycin susceptible and evaluate the behavior of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) strains in the absence and presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin for Quantitative-PCR. We have identified the presence and expression of vanC genes in E. faecalis which are specific to Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliflavus species, it is suggested that the E. faecalis may have acquired these genes by horizontal gene transfer. We found that the presence of vancomycin in vitro is able of interfering with modulation of expression of virulence genes in VRE strains but does not interfere in the biofilm formation of these isolates. Although the data presented here were obtained from in vitro tests, we can infer that the vanC genes are being transferred to other species and that vancomycin may be contributing to the increase in the expression of virulence factors in vivo, leading to worseres clinical outcomes

    Fenotipic and genotipic analisys of staphylococci mannitol positive isolates from artisanal morcilla marketed in Pelotas

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    A morcilha Ă© uma iguaria muito consumida no sul do Brasil, porĂ©m a falta de estudos avaliando a potencial virulĂȘncia de estafilococos isolados destas preparaçÔes Ă© motivo de preocupação para o consumidor. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar os estafilococos manitol positivo isolados de morcilhas artesanais; verificar a resistĂȘncia antimicrobiana; analisar e correlacionar o perfil fenotĂ­pico e genotĂ­pico da coagulase nos isolados, detectar o polimorfismo do gene coa e seu padrĂŁo de restrição enzimĂĄtica; investigar atravĂ©s de tĂ©cnica de PCR a presença dos genes das enterotoxinas clĂĄssicas e determinar se a tĂ©cnica multiplex PCR pode ser empregada como ferramenta Ăștil na identificação destes genes. Foram obtidos 82 isolados, destes 75,61 % eram estafilococos coagulase negativos e 24,3 % estafilococos coagulase positivos. AtravĂ©s do perfil bioquĂ­mico foram identificadas 9 espĂ©cies, sendo S. saprophyticus e S. carnosus as mais prevalentes. O fenĂłtipo de resistĂȘncia Ă  tetraciclina e eritromicina foi o mais observado e 13 isolados apresentaram multirresistĂȘncia. O gene coa foi detectado em 16 isolados e identificados 11 perfis de restrição enzimĂĄtica. 33 isolados foram positivos para pelo menos um gene de enterotoxina e as espĂ©cies mais frequentes foram S. saprophyticus e S. carnosus. Os genes sea, seb e sec foram os mais prevalentes e a multiplex PCR amplificou os genes seb, sec e see. Conclui-se que a microbiota das morcilhas analisadas consiste de espĂ©cies do grupo coagulase negativo representando bactĂ©rias potencialmente patogĂȘnicas devido Ă  resistĂȘncia antimicrobiana e Ă  presença de genes de enterotoxinas, chamando a atenção para este grupo de estafilococos.The morcilla is a delicacy consumed in Southern Brazil, but the lack of studies evaluating the potential virulence of staphylococci isolated from these preparations is of concern to the consumer. The aim of the study was mannitol positive staphylococci isolated from artisanal morcilla; antibiotic resistance, analyze and correlate the phenotypic profile and genotype in isolates of coagulase, to detect the polymorphism of coa gene and its pattern of restriction enzyme, and to investigate the technique of PCR the presence of enterotoxin genes and determine whether the multiplex PCR technique can be employed as a useful tool in identifying these genes. We obtained 82 isolates, 75.61% of these were coagulase negative and coagulase positive 24.3%. Through biochemical profile were identified 9 species, S. saprophyticus and S. xylosus being most prevalent. The phenotype of resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin was the most observed and 13 isolates showed multidrug resistance. The coa gene was detected in 16 isolates and identified 11 profiles of restriction enzyme. 33 isolates were positive for at least one enterotoxin gene and the most frequent species were S. saprophyticus and S. carnosus. The genes sea, seb and sec were most prevalent and multiplex PCR amplified genes seb, sec and see. We conclude that the microbiota of morcilla analyzed consists of species of coagulase-negative group representing potentially pathogenic bacteria due to antimicrobial resistance and the presence of enterotoxin genes, calling attention to this group of staphylococci

    Fenotipic and genotipic analisys of staphylococci mannitol positive isolates from artisanal morcilla marketed in Pelotas

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    A morcilha Ă© uma iguaria muito consumida no sul do Brasil, porĂ©m a falta de estudos avaliando a potencial virulĂȘncia de estafilococos isolados destas preparaçÔes Ă© motivo de preocupação para o consumidor. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar os estafilococos manitol positivo isolados de morcilhas artesanais; verificar a resistĂȘncia antimicrobiana; analisar e correlacionar o perfil fenotĂ­pico e genotĂ­pico da coagulase nos isolados, detectar o polimorfismo do gene coa e seu padrĂŁo de restrição enzimĂĄtica; investigar atravĂ©s de tĂ©cnica de PCR a presença dos genes das enterotoxinas clĂĄssicas e determinar se a tĂ©cnica multiplex PCR pode ser empregada como ferramenta Ăștil na identificação destes genes. Foram obtidos 82 isolados, destes 75,61 % eram estafilococos coagulase negativos e 24,3 % estafilococos coagulase positivos. AtravĂ©s do perfil bioquĂ­mico foram identificadas 9 espĂ©cies, sendo S. saprophyticus e S. carnosus as mais prevalentes. O fenĂłtipo de resistĂȘncia Ă  tetraciclina e eritromicina foi o mais observado e 13 isolados apresentaram multirresistĂȘncia. O gene coa foi detectado em 16 isolados e identificados 11 perfis de restrição enzimĂĄtica. 33 isolados foram positivos para pelo menos um gene de enterotoxina e as espĂ©cies mais frequentes foram S. saprophyticus e S. carnosus. Os genes sea, seb e sec foram os mais prevalentes e a multiplex PCR amplificou os genes seb, sec e see. Conclui-se que a microbiota das morcilhas analisadas consiste de espĂ©cies do grupo coagulase negativo representando bactĂ©rias potencialmente patogĂȘnicas devido Ă  resistĂȘncia antimicrobiana e Ă  presença de genes de enterotoxinas, chamando a atenção para este grupo de estafilococos.The morcilla is a delicacy consumed in Southern Brazil, but the lack of studies evaluating the potential virulence of staphylococci isolated from these preparations is of concern to the consumer. The aim of the study was mannitol positive staphylococci isolated from artisanal morcilla; antibiotic resistance, analyze and correlate the phenotypic profile and genotype in isolates of coagulase, to detect the polymorphism of coa gene and its pattern of restriction enzyme, and to investigate the technique of PCR the presence of enterotoxin genes and determine whether the multiplex PCR technique can be employed as a useful tool in identifying these genes. We obtained 82 isolates, 75.61% of these were coagulase negative and coagulase positive 24.3%. Through biochemical profile were identified 9 species, S. saprophyticus and S. xylosus being most prevalent. The phenotype of resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin was the most observed and 13 isolates showed multidrug resistance. The coa gene was detected in 16 isolates and identified 11 profiles of restriction enzyme. 33 isolates were positive for at least one enterotoxin gene and the most frequent species were S. saprophyticus and S. carnosus. The genes sea, seb and sec were most prevalent and multiplex PCR amplified genes seb, sec and see. We conclude that the microbiota of morcilla analyzed consists of species of coagulase-negative group representing potentially pathogenic bacteria due to antimicrobial resistance and the presence of enterotoxin genes, calling attention to this group of staphylococci
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