The Process of Wage Adjustment: An Analysis Using Establishment-Level Data

This article presents a study of the influences on the factors that shape wage adjustments. The cost of living, comparability with other firms' wages, the fulfilment of collective agreements at sector level, the need to recruit and retain employees, the performance of the organisation, and the climate of industrial relations are included as factors of interest. The analysis was carried out using a sample of Spanish manufacturing plants. Our results show that the structural characteristics of the establishment such as its size or foreign ownership, as well as the wage setting arrangements and trade unions, play a role in explaining the importance of the factors mentioned in shaping wage adjustments. The human resource management policies adopted by the employer seem to be less relevant, although the qualification of workers and the use of pay for performance have a significant impact on the process of wage adjustment.pay settlements, collective bargaining, wage negotiation

The Diffusion of Pay for Performance across Occupations

In this paper the differences in the incidence of pay for performance plans between occupations in a sample of Spanish manufacturing establishments are analyzed. Our results show that there are significant differences between occupations in the incidence of individual, group and firm or plant pay for performance plans. The roles of establishment size, multinational ownership and the human resources management department in the incidence of pay for performance plans and their variability of use across occupations within the same firm are also studied. These factors are found to correlate to a greater use of pay for performance and, in most cases, this effect is homogenous across occupations.incentives

Performance Appraisal: Dimensions and Determinants

The determinants of the dimensions that shape a formal system of performance appraisal are studied in relation to a sample of Spanish manufacturing establishments. In particular, the factors that influence the measures used to evaluate performance, the person who carries out such appraisal and its frequency are analysed. Our results show that the characteristics of the establishment exert a significant influence on the configuration of performance appraisal. Specifically, we find that the use of practices complementary to performance evaluation and the structural factors of the establishment are found to correlate closely with the dimensions of formal performance appraisal.performance appraisal, monitoring, establishment characteristics, dimensions of appraisal

Amortiguación de las oscilaciones de presión producidas por el golpe de ariete

Cuando se cierra una válvula en un conducto por el que circula un fluido se originan oscilaciones de presión de tipo golpe de ariete, que se mantendrían indefinidamente, después del cierre si despreciasen los efectos de fricción. En este trabajo se muestra cómo puede describirse el proceso de amortiguamiento utilizando el método de escalas múltiples, ya que el tiempo característico de amortiguamiento es mucho más grande que el período de la oscilación, igual a dos veces el tiempo de ida y vuelta de las ondas. Se encuentra, por ejemplo, que la presión en la válvula es una función oscilatoria lentamente amortiguada; la evolución durante el tiempo de amortiguamiento de esta función oscilatoria, viene dada por una ecuación integrodiferencial que se resuelve analíticamente para los casos de cierre rápidos y numéricamente en casos más generales

Socialización y televisión: perfiles de adolescentes en un estudio transcultural

Desde el marco teórico de la teoría de la recepción, el objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer algunos perfiles de consumo televisivo en una muestra transcultural. Los participantes pertenecen a ocho contextos culturales diferentes, tres en el contexto español, cuatro en el contexto latinoamericano, y uno el contexto irlandés. La muestra total estuvo constituida por 545 hombres y 676 mujeres. Para la consecución de los objetivos específicos se aplicó el cuestionario de hábitos televisivos, creado “ad hoc” y validado por los autores de este trabajo. La recogida de datos se realizó en papel y on-line. Cabe destacar que se han hallado diferencias significativas en los ocho contextos analizados y en todos los indicadores estudiados. Entre las conclusiones señalar que el medio televisivo no es tan pernicioso como se prejuzga y que los cuatro perfiles hallados tienen una característica común: el rechazo a los chismes y a los Shows.Within the theoretical framework of reception theory, the aim of this research project was to analyze certain television viewing profiles in a cross-cultural sample group. Participants came from eight different cultural contexts, three located in Spain, four in Latin America and one in Ireland. The total sample group was comprised by 545 boys and 676 girls. In order to achieve the specific aims of the study, an ad hoc questionnaire of television viewing habits was administered. Data were gathered both on paper and on-line. Significant differences were found in all eight contexts analyzed, and in all the indicators studied. The results indicate that television is not as harmful as general prejudice suggests and that the four profiles found all have one characteristic in common, namely the rejection of celebrity gossip and talk shows

La mediacion parental y el uso de internet

El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer el uso de Internet, su finalidad y la mediación parental percibida en una muestra de 1238 adolescentes, con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 19 años, y en ocho contextos culturales. El instrumento utilizado fue le cuestionario de hábitos televisivos (CH-TV.02). Mediante el mismo se han analizado los siguientes indicadores: finalidad de uso y horas de permanencia en Internet y mediación parental. La recogida de datos se realizó a través de una plataforma on-line y presencialmente. Los resultados muestran un uso moderado de la red con variaciones según el contexto, aunque la función comunicativa es la predominante en todos ellos. Las diferencias a pesar de ser significativas hay que interpretarlas con prudencia dado el tamaño de la muestra. Respecto a la mediación parental en Internet se hallaron, mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio, tres tipos de mediación, destacando la mediación restrictiva y el covisionado; en cuanto a los perfiles hallados, mediante un análisis de Cluster, destacan cuatro perfiles en el colectivo juvenil estudiado: instructivo, inhibido, covisionado y restrictivo, sobresaliendo el perfil inhibido como el más percibido por los adolescentes seguido del covisionado con diferencias significativas entre los ocho contextos estudiados.The aim of this research project was to analyze the Internet use and parental mediation in a cross-cultural sample group. The sample group comprised 1238 adolescents aged between 14 and 19, from eight different cultural contexts. The television viewing habits questionnaire (CH-TV.02) was used to analyze the following indicators: reason for use and hours spent on the Internet and parental mediation in Internet use. The data were collected both by means of an on-line platform and in person. The results show a moderate use of the Internet with context-based variations, although the communicative function was predominant in all cultural contexts studied. Although significant differences were found between the different contexts, they were moderate in nature and should be interpreted with caution, given the size of the sample. In relation to parental mediation in Internet use, an exploratory factorial analysis found three types of mediation, with restrictive mediation and co-viewing being particularly relevant. As regards the profiles found, a Cluster analysis identified four profiles in the group of young people studied: instructive, inhibited, co-viewing and restrictive, with the inhibited profile being the one most frequently perceived by adolescents, followed by coviewing, with significant differences being observed between cultures

Values perceived by adolescents and identification television characters

El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la relación que, 1238 adolescentes de una muestra transcultural, pertenecientes a ocho contextos diferentes, establecen con los personajes favoritos de la televisión atendiendo a la identificación o grado de empatía y los valores que perciben en él. Partimos de la idea básica de que el estudio acerca de la identificación y la percepción de valores en sus personajes favoritos nos proporcionan claves importantes para la comprensión de los efectos del medio sobre los adolescentes. Las dos variables se analizarán buscando una posible relación entre ellas. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos de medida: el CHTV.02 y el Val. TV 02. Los resultados han demostrado que existen diferencias estadísticas significativas en el conjunto de los contextos culturales estudiados; no obstante, son moderadas. En las conclusiones hay que señalar que la mayoría de adolescentes se inclinan por personajes que encarnan valores prosociales.The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between 1238 adolescents from a cross-cultural sample encompassing eight different contexts and their favorite television characters, in accordance with the following aspects: identification or degree of empathy and values perceived in them. Our work was based on the idea that the study of identification and values perception in favorite characters would provide us with important information for understanding the effects of the medium on adolescents. The three variables were then analyzed in order to identify any possible relationship which may exist between them. Two measurement instruments were used: the CHTV.02 and the Val. TV 02. The results revealed statistically significant (although moderate) differences in the sample group as a whole. In conclusion, it can be said that the majority of adolescents tend to favor characters who embody prosocial values.peerReviewe