Alterações na Amelogênese e suas implicações clínicas: relatos de casos

Alterations in amelogenesis can promote disturbances on the development of dental enamel. These alterations during amelogenesis will result in different color and/or structure of dental enamel that may occur isolated or simultaneously. These alterations may involve one tooth or more, yet the causal factors may be local, systemic, genetic or idiopathic. The intensity, extension and the number of teeth presenting alterations in the dental enamel are related to the developmental stage of the enamel dental organ. After the dentist has evidenced a color and/or structural alteration due to developmental defect in amelogenesis it is very important to make a precise diagnosis so that he can proceed with an adequate therapeutic either if it is only a matter of recall appointments, preventive or interceptive approaches. The clinical cases in this study illustrates some of human dental enamel’s alterations during amelogenesis and their probable causes based on the patient’s clinical history and in the dental literature.As alterações de cor e/ou estrutura do esmalte dental podem ocorrer isoladamente ou de forma simultânea, envolvendo, apenas um ou mais dentes. A intensidade, a extensão e a quantidade de elementos dentários envolvidos pelas alterações no esmalte podem estar relacionadas a causas locais, sistêmicas ou genéticas. Também é de fundamental importância levar em consideração o estágio de desenvolvimento do órgão do esmalte dental quando os fatores locais e sistêmicos são os causadores da alteração. Após a constatação de uma alteração de cor e/ou estrutura do esmalte dental de um indivíduo pelo dentista é importante que haja um diagnóstico preciso para se proceder à terapêutica adequada, seja ela preventiva, interceptativa ou a proservação do caso. Os casos clínicos relatados neste estudo ilustram algumas das alterações do esmalte dental humano e suas prováveis causas com base na história clínica apresentada pelo paciente e na literatura consultada

Assessment of Dental Caries and Intervention in the First Permanent Molars of Brazilian Children

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of caries stages and interventions on first permanent molars (FPM) in Brazilian children. Material and Methods: Data from FPM were extracted from dental records of children aged 5-14 years of age that attended the UERJ Pediatric Dentistry Clinic. Data include patient age, sex, biofilm index, presence of carious lesions in all stages, and the treatments. Data was analyzed using the SPSS® 20.0 program. Results: A total of 158 dental records were analyzed, 587 registers were related to the caries stage and 601 related to the interventions; mean age of 8.26 (±1.4 years) and 53.2% were girls. The prevalence of active/inactive white spot (AWS/IWS) varied from 14.3% to 21.6% in right upper and lower left FPM, respectively. Enamel/dentin lesions without pulp involvement were also more prevalent in the lower arch and ranged from 3.4% for the right upper to 11.5% for the lower right FPM. Cavities with pulp involvement or indicated extraction ranged from 0% to 1.4%. Treatment included dental sealants, varying from 17.1 to 24.0% (n=126) and restorations, varying from 1.3 to 11.8% (n=38). The lower right were the most affected teeth. Conclusion: First permanent molars presented a higher prevalence of dental caries in early stages and the most prevalent treatment was related to the initial carious process, fluor therapy and sealants

Effect of time in hardness test on artificially demineralized human dental enamel

A cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) test was carried out in human dental enamel exposed to a demineralizing solution in order to evaluate two different times of indentation in sound tissue and artificially induced caries. Twenty caries-free extracted human molars had one of their smooth surfaces sectioned and the enamel surface was isolated with nail polish except for an area of 6 mm2. These specimens were submitted to artificially induced enamel caries on a lactate buffer containing 0.1 ppm fluoride (F) during 28 days. All specimens were bisected to create groups A and B in which CSMH test was performed employing a Knoop indenter with a 25g load for 5 or 10 s, respectively. Student's paired t-test (p<0.05) was used to determine statistically significant differences between group A and B in 7 depths. There were no significant differences between any of the analyzed depths. Since the present experiment showed no significant difference when comparing indentations made with a 25 g load during either 5 or 10 s in different depths, this method can be used with either one of the time intervals tested without compromising a CSMH test on artificially demineralized human enamel

Effect of time in hardness test on artificially demineralized human dental enamel

A cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) test was carried out in human dental enamel exposed to a demineralizing solution in order to evaluate two different times of indentation in sound tissue and artificially induced caries. Twenty caries-free extracted human molars had one of their smooth surfaces sectioned and the enamel surface was isolated with nail polish except for an area of 6 mm2 . These specimens were submitted to artificially induced enamel caries on a lactate buffer containing 0.1 ppm fluoride (F) during 28 days. All specimens were bisected to create groups A and B in which CSMH test was performed employing a Knoop indenter with a 25 g load for 5 or 10 s, respectively. Student&apos;s paired t-test (p<0.05) was used to determine statistically significant differences between groups A and B in 7 depths. There were no significant differences between any of the analyzed depths. Since the present experiment showed no significant difference when comparing indentations made with a 25 g load during either 5 or 10 s in different depths, this method can be used with either one of the time intervals tested without compromising a CSMH test on artificially demineralized human enamel

Frequency of pulp canal obliteration in primary teeth after traumatic dental injury and its association with related variables

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of pulp canal obliteration (PCO) after traumatic dental injury (TDI) of primary anterior teeth and to investigate its relation with the related variables. Methods This retrospective study has been done with dental records of patients selected from the Paediatric Dental Trauma Clinic between 2006 and 2016. Those who had PCO in the primary anterior teeth and were aged 0-108 months at the time of trauma were considered eligible. Data related to patients and TDI, such as sex, the child’s age at the time of trauma, aetiology, affected teeth, the child’s age at the time of the eruption of the permanent successor as well as the presence of crown discoloration were extracted from the dental records. Results Among the 483 children with traumatised teeth, 14.9% had PCO and the most of them exhibited crown discoloration. The average age of the children at the time of the trauma was 38 months and the most common aetiology of the TDI was falls. The average time for the beginning of the PCO process was 13.5 months. There was no statistically significant association between the child’s age at the time of trauma and the types of TDI, PCO and the presence of crown discoloration. Conclusions The frequency of PCO was relatively low though the presence of crown discoloration was considerable. There was no association between the child’s age at the time of trauma and the studied variable