948 research outputs found
Antiviral combination therapy in chronic hepatitis B
An outbreak of parenterally transmitted hepatitis was probably
first recorded in 1885 by Lurman who reported the occurrence of
jaundice among personnel of a Bremen factory after revaccination
against smallpox. Of 1289 individuals vaccinated in one day, 191
developed jaundice 2 to 8 months after administration of
glycerinated human lymph preparations. The illness usually began
with fatigue,anorexia and gastrointestinal complaints followed by
jaundice and often pruritus; it generally lasted a total of 4 to 6
weeks.Personnel vaccinated on another day with another vaccine
preparation as well as those who left the job before
revaccination were not affected, Comparison of the water supply,
domicile, alcohol abuse and vaccine exposure indicated the latter
as the probable cause of the outbreak (1,2,3). In 1945 MacCallum
postulated that, on the basis of differences in incubation period
and mode of transmission, two different agents cause hepatitis:
hepatitis A and hepatitis B. He was not able to isolate the
infectious agents (4). In 1967 Krugman and Giles confirmed the
existence of two types of hepatitis:one with a short and one with
a long incubation period (5). In 1965 Blumberg had already
discovered an antigen in the serum of an Australian aboriginal
which he called 'Australia antigen' (6). In 1968 Prince identified
an antigen in the serum of patients with post-transfusion
hepatitis, an antigen which he called SH antigen (7). The antigens
discovered by Blumberg and Prince were found to be identical and
represent the hepatitis B surface antigen. Between 1968 and 1973
the other principal viral antigens <HBeAg,HBcAg) and their
antibodies were identified (8,9). The electron microscopy features
of the virus were described by Dane in 1970. In the blood of
infected patients the large complete virus particle (diameter 42
nm), small 22 nm spherical surface antigen particles and tubular
forms (length 100 nm,diameter 22 nm) were found (10). Infection
with the hepatitis B virus is characterized not only by
production of infectious complete virus particles (Dane
particles) but also by an enhanced production of incomplete
viral particles made up entirely of HBsAg without HBcAg, DNA-polymerase
activity or HBV-DN
Beter laat dan nooit : over de noodzaak tot implementatie van antivirale therapie bij chronische virale hepatitis B en C
Ovaj rad pod nazivom Kineski emitivni turizam i utjecaj na Europsku uniju bavi se
gospodarskim, druÅ”tvenim, politiÄkim i turistiÄkim razvojem Kine te pokazuje turistiÄka kretanja
prema Europi. Gospodarska, i djelomiÄno sve otvorenija politika Narodne Republike Kine
znaÄajno doprinosi poveÄanju kineskom emitivnom turizmu. To se odnosi na meÄunarodni
turizam, receptivni turizam i sve veÄi emitivni turizam u Kini. PomoÄu pojednostavljenog ADS
(approved destination status) postupka, poveÄanja obrazovanja i prihoda u kuÄanstvima, te sve
viŔe slobodnog vremena kao i pravo na regulirani odmor, kineskom stanovniŔtvu se sve viŔe
omoguÄuje putovanje izvan granica svoje zemlje. Na temelju analize znanstvene literature,
socio-ekonomskih turistiÄkih podataka i ukljuÄivanja izvora iz znanstvenih Älanaka, u ovome se
radu prikazuju pokretaÄi turizma,razvoj, politika kao i bitne institucije turistiÄke industrije koje
sudjeluju u stvaranju turizma kao takvog
Beter laat dan nooit : over de noodzaak tot implementatie van antivirale therapie bij chronische virale hepatitis B en C
A randomised study on the efficacy and safety of an automated Tru-Cut needle for percutaneous liver biopsy
BACKGROUND: We studied whether the theoretical advantages of a
spring-loaded liver biopsy needle exist in clinical practice and if so if
they are dependent upon the experience of the physician performing the
biopsy. METHODS: In a stratified randomised study we enrolled 215
consecutive patients to compare the safety and efficacy of a new automatic
biopsy gun (Acecut) with that of a standard Tru-Cut needle. RESULTS: A
total of 464 biopsies were performed. The endpoints of the study were
number of needle passes needed per patient, tissue yield of each needle
pass and post-biopsy complications. The performance of the automatic
needle was superior and more consistent with respect to tissue yield
compared with the Tru-Cut needle (median yield 100% and 80%, respectively;
p < 0.001). The difference was most marked for inexperienced physicians.
There was no difference between the two needles in the number of passes
needed. More post-biopsy pain and post-biopsy use of analgesics were
observed in the automatic needle group (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The
automatic Tru-Cut needle offers an advantage, particularly for physicians
with no or limited experience in liver biopsies. However more post-biopsy
pain and post-biopsy use of analgesics were observed in the automatic
needle group
Association between a progesterone receptor mutation and hepatitis E sero-positivity in liver transplant recipients
Problem: We investigated if the PROGINS mutation increases the risk of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in liver transplant recipients. PROGINS was analyzed through KASP assay; HEV serologies assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and multiplex cytokine assays were evaluated in plasma with the ProcartaPlex human immunoassay. Seventy liver transplant recipients were evaluated, of which 23 (33%) were HEV immunoglobuln G (IgG)-positive (HEV+). The frequency of PROGINS in the HEV+ group was 34%, compared with 14% in those that were HEV IgG negative (HEVā). Cytokine measurements in a sub-set of samples from HEV+/PROGINS+ individuals showed decreased plasma levels of monokine induced by gamma interferon, a proliferation-inducing ligand, and stem cell factor, as well as increased levels of eotaxin-3 and interleukin-31 compared with those HEVā/PROGINSā samples. Our findings suggest an association between the PROGINS mutation and seropositivity for HEV in liver transplant recipients with consequent distorted cytokine levels
Probing the direct effects of antiretroviral drugs on hepatitis EĀ virus replication in cell culture models
Management and outcome of hepatocellular adenoma with massive bleeding at presentation
AIM To evaluate outcome of acute management and risk of rebleeding in patients with massive hemorrhage due to hepatocellular adenoma (HCA). METHODS This retrospective cohort study included all consecutive patients who presented to our hospital with massive hemorrhage (grade II or III) due to ruptured HCA and were admitted for observation and/or intervention between 1999-2016. The diagnosis of HCA was based on radiological findings from contrastenhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or pathological findings from biopsy or resection of the HCA. Hemorrhage was diagnosed based on findings from computed tomography or MRI. Medical records were reviewed for demographic features, clinical presentation, tumor features, initial and subsequent management, short- and long-term complications and patient and lesion follow-up. RESULTS All patients were female (n = 23). Treatment in the acute phase consisted of embolization (n = 9, 39.1%), conservative therapy (n = 13, 56.5%), and other intervention (
A Fatal Outcome after Cessation of Nucleotide Analogue Therapy in a Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B:A Case Report
Introduction: Emerging evidence suggests that long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy can be ceased in a selective group of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This is being gradually implemented in clinical practice. Case Presentation: A 68-year-oldman known with a chronic hepatitis B e antigen-positive hepatitis B infection without signs of advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis was admitted with acute liver failure. Two months prior to his admission, he ceased his NA therapy. During the admission, NA therapy was restarted, but the liver function worsened. The patient was put on the high-urgency liver transplantation waiting list, and the next day, he was successfully transplanted. However, the patient died 17 days later due to hemorrhagic shock that resulted from intraabdominal bleeding and acute pancreatitis. Conclusion: Current guidelines suggest that NA therapy can be discontinued in a selective group of CHB patients. However, these guidelines suggest different stopping and follow-up criteria. This case illustrates that NA withdrawal is not without risks and that these differences in recommendations may lead to inadequate management and eventually a fatal outcome.</p
Connecting Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless and BEC Phase Transitions by Tuning Interactions in a Trapped Gas.
We study the critical point for the emergence of coherence in a harmonically trapped two-dimensional Bose gas with tunable interactions. Over a wide range of interaction strengths we find excellent agreement with the classical-field predictions for the critical point of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) superfluid transition. This allows us to quantitatively show, without any free parameters, that the interaction-driven BKT transition smoothly converges onto the purely quantum-statistical Bose-Einstein condensation transition in the limit of vanishing interactions.This work was supported by AFOSR, ARO, DARPA OLE, and EPSRC [Grant No. EP/K003615/1]. N.āN. acknowledges support from Trinity College, Cambridge, R.āP.āS. from the Royal Society, and K.āG.āH.āV. from DAAD.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from APS via http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.25530
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