O papel do farmacêutico na prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis em duas populações socialmente vulneráveis

As Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST) são um grande problema mundial de saúde pública, e alguns grupos são mais suscetíveis a essas infecções devido às suas vulnerabilidades físicas, sociais e culturais. Dentre esses grupos estão os indígenas e as pessoas que vivem em situação de rua. É atribuição do Farmacêutico, através da Assistência Farmacêutica e por meio de ações educativas, atuar na prevenção de doenças e promoção à saúde dessas populações em vulnerabilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de levar informações sobre as formas de transmissão e prevenção das IST’s a alunos de duas escolas de Porto Alegre. Através de um questionário ofertado ao fim das palestras foi constatada a dificuldade de acesso e a carência de informações dessa população, assim como quão é importante que se criem mais políticas públicas de saúde que, por intervenção do profissional farmacêutico, alcancem esses grupos.Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are a major public health problem worldwide, some groups are more susceptible to these infections due to their physical, social and cultural vulnerabilities. These groups include indigenous people and homeless people. It is the Pharmacist's responsibility, through Pharmaceutical Assistance and through educational actions, to act in the prevention of diseases and health promotion of these vulnerable populations. The objective of this work was to bring information about the ways of transmission and prevention of STIs to students of two schools in Porto Alegre. Through a questionnaire offered at the end of the lectures it was found the difficulty of access and lack of information of this population and how important it is to create more public health policies that through the intervention of the pharmacist, reach these groups.Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) son un importante problema de salud pública en todo el mundo, algunos grupos son más susceptibles a estas infecciones debido a sus vulnerabilidades físicas, sociales y culturales. Estos grupos incluyen pueblos indígenas y personas sin hogar. Es responsabilidad del farmacéutico, a través de la Asistencia Farmacéutica y a través de acciones educativas, actuar en la prevención de enfermedades y la promoción de la salud de estas poblaciones vulnerables. El objetivo de este trabajo fue brindar información sobre las formas de transmisión y prevención de las ITS a los estudiantes de dos escuelas en Porto Alegre. A través de un cuestionario ofrecido al final de las conferencias se encontró la dificultad de acceso y la falta de información de esta población y la importancia de crear más políticas de salud pública que, a través de la intervención del farmacéutico, lleguen a estos grupos

Exposure of young rats to diphenyl ditelluride during lactation affects the homeostasis of the cytoskeleton in neural cells from striatum and cerebellum

AbstractIn the present report we examined the effect of maternal exposure to diphenyl ditelluride (PhTe)2 (0.01mg/kg body weight) during the first 14 days of lactational period on the activity of some protein kinases targeting the cytoskeleton of striatum and cerebellum of their offspring. We analyzed the phosphorylating system associated with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament of low, medium and high molecular weight (NF-L, NF-M and NF-H, respectively) of pups on PND 15, 21, 30 and 45. We found that (PhTe)2 induced hyperphosphorylation of all the proteins studied on PND 15 and 21, recovering control values on PND 30 and 45. The immunocontent of GFAP, NF-L, NF-M and NF-H in the cerebellum of 15-day-old pups was increased. Western blot assays showed activation/phosphorylation of Erk1/2 on PND 21 and activation/phosphorylation of JNK on PND 15. Otherwise, p38MAPK was not activated in the striatum of (PhTe)2 exposed pups. On the other hand, the cerebellum of pups exposed to (PhTe)2 presented activated/phosphorylated Erk1/2 on PND 15 and 21 as well as activated/phosphorylated p38MAPK on PND 21, while JNK was not activated. Western blot assays showed that both in the striatum and in the cerebellum of (PhTe)2 exposed pups, the immunocontent of the catalytic subunit of PKA (PKAcα) was increased on PND 15. Western blot showed that the phosphorylation level of NF-L Ser55 and NF-M/NF-H KSP repeats was increased in the striatum and cerebellum of both 15- and 21-day-old pups exposed to (PhTe)2. Diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2, the selenium analog of (PhTe)2, prevented (PhTe)2-induced hyperphosphorylation of striatal intermediate filament (IF) proteins but it failed to prevent the action of (PhTe)2 in cerebellum. Western blot assay showed that the (PhSe)2 prevented activation/phosphorylation of Erk1/2, JNK and PKAcα but did not prevent the stimulatory effect of (PhTe)2 on p38MAPK in cerebellum at PND 21. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dam exposure to low doses of (PhTe)2 can alter cellular signaling targeting the cytoskeleton of striatum and cerebellum in the offspring in a spatiotemporal manner, which can be related to the neurotoxic effects of (PhTe)2

Dual action of chronic ethanol treatment on LPS-induced response in C6 glioma cells

AbstractIn this study we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of chronic ethanol (EtOH) treatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated C6 glioma cells. The cells were chronically treated with 200mM EtOH; coincubation with LPS and EtOH was obtained upon addition of 2μg/ml LPS to the incubation medium in the last 24h of EtOH exposure. We found that EtOH prevented the LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) without decreasing cell viability. Either LPS treated or EtOH plus LPS treated cells presented upregulated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and downregulated vimentin levels characterizing a program of reactive astrogliosis. Also, EtOH plus LPS stimulation greatly increased the oxidative stress generation evaluated by DCF-DA measurement, while either EtOH alone or LPS alone was unable to induce oxidative stress. Western blot analysis indicated that either EtOH, LPS or EtOH plus LPS treatments are unable to affect Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. However, LPS alone and EtOH plus LPS co-treatment inhibited Erk phosphorylation. A dramatic loss of stress fibers was found in EtOH exposed cells, evaluated by cytochemistry using phalloidin-fluorescein. However, LPS alone was not able to disrupt actin organization. Furthermore, cells co-incubated with LPS and EtOH presented reversion of the disrupted stress fibers provoked by EtOH. Supporting this action, RhoA and vinculin immunocontent were upregulated in response to EtOH plus LPS. Interestingly, EtOH suppresses the inflammatory cascade (TNFα production) in response to LPS. Concomitantly it sustains Erk inhibition, increases oxidative stress generation and induces reactive astrogliosis in the presence of LPS, conditions associated with neurotoxicity. The effects observed were not supported by actin reorganization. Altogether, these findings suggest that Erk signaling inhibition could play a role in both suppressing TNFα production and inducing oxidative stress generation and astrogliosis, therefore modulating a dual action of EtOH plus LPS in glial cells

Glotopolítica latinoamericana : Tendencias y perspectivas

Glotopolítica latinoamericana: tendencias y perspectivas recoge el resultado de presentaciones y deliberaciones del IV Congreso Latinoamericano de Glotopolítica, realizado en la Universidad de San Pablo (Brasil) en septiembre de 2019, que convocó a numerosos y destacados especialistas en el área. Su inscripción en una serie (los anteriores se realizaron en Chile, Colombia y Alemania) nos permite apreciar los grandes ejes de los que da cuenta el cuidadoso e inteligente armado del libro decidido por los editores, y fundamentado en la Presentación. El tramo que hemos recorrido como especialistas, en el cual los eventos internacionales son hitos significativos, ha ido mostrando la amplitud de un campo que se construye apelando a tradiciones académicas variadas, que insiste en su carácter interdisciplinario y crítico y que no deja de tener una dimensión militante que se expone en las reflexiones teóricas, las investigaciones empíricas y las prácticas institucionales

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic