Somnolence diurne et syndrome des jambes sans repos chez le patient hémodialysé (facteurs cliniques et biologiques associés)

BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Acute interstitial nephritis after sequential ipilumumab - nivolumab therapy of metastatic melanoma

Abstract Background The anti-Programmed Death receptor 1 (anti-PD-1) antibodies nivolumab and pembrolizumab are new treatments in metastatic melanoma. Immunotherapies are best known to be responsible for thrombotic microangiopathy. However, immune interstitial nephritis has been described in a patient treated by nivolumab and ipilimumab concomitantly, and three cases of granulomatous interstitial nephritis have been reported with ipilimumab monotherapy. We report herein a case of acute interstitial immune nephritis in a patient treated with nivolumab after ipilimumab for pulmonary metastatic melanoma. Case presentation Interstitial nephritis was diagnosed after acute kidney injury following three cycles and was confirmed by kidney biopsy. Kidney injury responded rapidly to prednisolone, which was then gradually reduced. As a follow-up computed tomography scan indicated mixed response, with minimal size progression of a pulmonary nodule, but a significant reduction in the size of the other nodules, nivolumab was reintroduced after renal function improvement. Low-dose corticosteroids were first maintained during nivolumab treatment and subsequently discontinued. Only one month after prednisolone discontinuation, creatinine levels increased. A second kidney biopsy confirmed relapse of acute interstitial nephritis. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first case of nivolumab-induced acute interstitial immune nephritis. This case highlights that anti-PD-1 immunotherapy may be continued when renal function is adequate, and this requires close interaction between dermatologists and nephrologists. This adverse effect should be made known to prescribers as nivolumab is associated with significant improvement of survival in metastatic melanoma and may be used in many different types of cancer

Kidney and contrast media: Common viewpoint of the French Nephrology societies (SFNDT, FIRN, CJN) and the French Radiological Society (SFR) following ESUR guidelines

International audienceContrast medium administration is classically considered to cause or worsen kidney failure, but recent data may moderate this assertion. The European Society of Urogenital Radiology recently published guidelines re-evaluating the precautions before administering contrast media. Kidney injury does not constitute a contra-indication to the administration of iodinated contrast medium, as long as the benefit-risk ratio justifies it. Intravenous hydration with 0.9% NaCl or 1.4% sodium bicarbonate is the only validated measure for the prevention of post-iodine contrast nephropathy. This is necessary for intravenous or intra-arterial administration of iodinated contrast agent without first renal pass when the glomerular filtration rate is less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m(2), for intra-arterial administration of iodinated contrast agent with first renal passage when the glomerular filtration rate is less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m(2), or in patients with acute renal failure. The use of iodinated contrast medium should allow the carrying out of relevant examinations based on an analysis of the benefit-risk ratio and the implementation of measures to prevent toxicity when necessary. (C) 2021 Societe francaise de radiologie

Recommandations ESUR sur l’utilisation des produits de contraste : enquête de pratique, revue et commentaire par le CJN, le FIRN et la SFNDT

International audienceContrast media administration is classically considered to cause or worsen kidney failure. Recent data may moderate this assertion. The European Society of Urogenital Radiology recently published guidelines re-evaluating the precautions before administering contrast media. The present work evaluates the practice of French nephrologists, and provides a commentary on these recommendations based on an updated review of the literature. We conducted survey among French nephrologists, using an electronic questionnaire distributed by the Societe Francophone de Nephrologie, Dialyse et Transplantation, the French Intensive care Renal Network and the Club des Jeunes Nephrologues. 266 responses were collected. The European Society of Urogenital Radiology guidelines are poorly known among the panel of nephrologists. Their practices differ from the guidelines by the more frequent and earlier implementation of measures to prevent renal failure post contrast media. In accordance with the guidelines, hydration is prescribed as a first-line preventive measure, mainly with saline and bicarbonate. Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are frequently discontinued before an injection of contrast media, contrary to what is recommended. In conclusion, the European Society of Urogenital Radiology guidelines, which the working group endorses, but which are still too little known and applied in clinical nephrology in France, prompt nephrologists to lift some of the restrictions on the use of PCI as well as on the continuation of ARS inhibitors before injecting PCI. (C) 2020 Societe francophone de nephrologie, dialyse et transplantation.L’injection d’un produit de contraste iodé est classiquement considérée comme un facteur de l’apparition ou de l’aggravation d’une insuffisance rénale. Des données récentes viennent cependant tempérer cette opinion. L’European Society of Urogenital Radiology a récemment publié des recommandations réévaluant les précautions à prendre avant l’administration de produits de contraste. Ce travail propose une évaluation des pratiques des néphrologues français et un commentaire de ces recommandations fondé sur une revue de la littérature. Nous avons mené une enquête de pratique par voie électronique, par l’intermédiaire d’un questionnaire électronique diffusé par la société francophone de néphrologie, dialyse et transplantation, le French Intensive care Renal Network et le club des jeunes néphrologues. Nous avons obtenu 266 réponses. Les recommandations de l’European Society of Urogenital Radiology sont peu connues du panel de néphrologues interrogés. Les pratiques rapportées diffèrent de ces recommandations par la mise en place plus fréquente, et pour un stade moins avancé d’insuffisance rénale chronique, de mesures de prévention de l’insuffisance rénale post-produit de contraste iodé. Conformément aux recommandations, l’hydratation est utilisée en première intention, principalement par soluté salé isotonique et bicarbonate de sodium. Les inhibiteurs du système rénine-angiotensine-aldostérone sont fréquemment arrêtés avant une injection de produit de contraste, contrairement à ce qui est préconisé. En conclusion, les nouvelles recommandations de l’European Society of Urogenital Radiology, que le groupe de travail fait siennes, mais qui sont encore trop peu connues et appliquées en néphrologie clinique en France, incitent les néphrologues à lever certaines des restrictions à l’utilisation des produits de contraste iodés ainsi qu’à la poursuite des inhibiteurs du système rénine-angiotensine-aldostérone avant l’injection des produits de contraste iodés

Domicile : où sont les freins ? enquête auprès des néphrologues Français

Home dialysis, which includes Peritoneal Dialysis and Home Hemodialysis, provides lots of profit to patients suffering of Chronic Kidney Disease, especially in terms of comfort, life quality and autonomy. However, its use is marginal in France, with an inhomogenous distributaion according to geographical regions. We conducted a French national survey of nephrologists to assess the barriers to the development of home dialysis. After analyzing the responses of the 230 participating nephrologists, the main obstacles to the development of the two techniques were identified and classified according to their reporting rate. The major obstacles that emerge from the survey are : the lack of information among the general public, a lack of acknowledgement of nurses specializing in these techniques, the limited number of structures that practice dialysis at home, and information difficulties among patient about dialysis techniques. The specific peritoneal dialysis-related difficulties reported are : difficulties in management of follow-up care and rehabilitation, the fear of insufficient purification and the difficulties related to the dialysis catheter. Concerning home hemodialysis, the barriers concern fear of autopunction and the need for a third party. This study helps to identify the representations of nephrologists on the major obstacles to the development of home dialysis to develop lines of thought for its promotion, both in terms of training, institutional acknowledgement, and the necessary regulatory evolution.La dialyse à domicile, représentée par l’hémodialyse et la dialyse péritonéale, peut apporter de nombreux bénéfices aux patients atteints d’insuffisance rénale chronique terminale, particulièrement en termes de confort, de qualité de vie et d’autonomie. Cependant son utilisation reste marginale en France, avec une répartition inhomogène sur le territoire. Nous avons réalisé une enquête nationale française auprès des néphrologues pour évaluer les freins au développement de la dialyse à domicile. Après analyse des réponses des 230 néphrologues ayant participé, les principaux obstacles au développement des deux techniques ont été identifiés et classés selon leur taux de déclaration. Les freins majeurs qui ressortent de l’enquête sont : le manque de médiatisation auprès du grand public, un défaut de reconnaissance des infirmières spécialisées dans ces techniques, le nombre limité de structures pratiquant la dialyse à domicile, et les difficultés relatives à l’information pré-dialyse. Les freins spécifiques à la dialyse péritonéale déclarés sont : les difficultés de prise en charge en Soins de suite et de réadaptation (SSR), la crainte d’une épuration insuffisante et les difficultés liées à l’abord de dialyse. Concernant l’hémodialyse à domicile (HDD), les freins portent sur la peur de l’autoponction et la nécessité d’une tierce personne. Cette étude permet d’identifier les représentations des néphrologues sur les freins majeurs au développement de la dialyse à domicile pour développer des pistes de réflexion pour sa promotion, tant sur le plan de la formation, de la reconnaissance institutionnelle, que de la nécessaire évolution règlementaire

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) prescription and extracellular volume increase: real‐world data results from the AlcalUN study

International audienceOral alkalization with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or citrate is prescribed for conditions ranging from metabolic acidosis to nephrolithiasis. While most nephrologists/urologists use this method routinely, extracellular volume (ECV) increase is the main feared adverse event reported for NaHCO3. Thus far, no trial has specifically studied this issue in a real-world setting. AlcalUN (NCT03035812) is a multicentric, prospective, open-label cohort study with nationwide (France) enrollment in 18 (public and private) nephrology/urology units. Participants were adult outpatients requiring chronic (>1 month) oral alkalization by either NaHCO3-containing or no-NaHCO3-containing agents. The ECV increase (primary outcome) was judged based on body weight increase (ΔBW), blood pressure increase (ΔBP), and/or new-onset edema at the first follow-up visit (V1). From 02/2017 to 02/2020, 156 patients were enrolled. After a median 106 days of treatment, 91 (72%) patients reached the primary outcome. They had lower systolic (135 [125, 141] vs. 141 [130, 150], p=0.02) and diastolic (77 [67, 85] vs. 85 [73, 90], p=0.03) BP values, a higher plasma chloride (106.0 [105.0, 109.0] vs. 105.0 [102.0, 107.0], p=0.02) at baseline, and a less frequent history of nephrolithiasis (32 vs. 56%, p=0.02). Patients experienced mainly slight increases in blood pressure (ΔBP<10 mmHg). The primary outcome was not associated (p=0.79) with the study treatment (129 received NaHCO3, 27 received citrate). We subsequently developed 3 different models of propensity score matching; each confirmed our results. Chronic oral alkalization with NaHCO3 is no longer associated with an ECV increase compared to citrate in real-life settings

Barriers and opportunities to increase PD incidence and prevalence : lessons from a European survey

Introduction: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains underutilised and unplanned start of dialysis further diminishes the likelihood of patients starting on PD, although outcomes are equal to haemodialysis (HD). Methods: A survey was sent to members of EuroPD and regional societies presenting a case vignette of a 48-year-old woman not previously known to the nephrology department and who arrives at the emergency department with established end-stage kidney disease (unplanned start), asking which dialysis modality would most likely be chosen at their respective centre. We assessed associations between the modality choices for this case vignette and centre characteristics and PD-related practices. Results: Of 575 respondents, 32.8%, 32.2% and 35.0% indicated they would start unplanned PD, unplanned HD or unplanned HD with intention to educate patient on PD later, respectively. Likelihood for unplanned start of PD was only associated with quality of structure of the pre-dialysis program. Structure of pre-dialysis education program, PD program in general, likelihood to provide education on PD to unplanned starters, good collaboration with the PD access team and taking initiatives to enhance home-based therapies increased the likelihood unplanned patients would end up on PD. Conclusions: Well-structured pre-dialysis education on PD as a modality, good connections to dedicated PD catheter placement teams and additional initiatives to enhance home-based therapies are key to grow PD programs. Centres motivated to grow their PD programs seem to find solutions to do so

Assisted peritoneal dialysis across Europe: Practice variation and factors associated with availability

Background: In Europe, the number of elderly end-stage kidney disease patients is increasing. Few of those patients receive peritoneal dialysis (PD), as many cannot perform PD autonomously. Assisted PD programmes are available in most European countries, but the percentage of patients receiving assisted PD varies considerably. Hence, we assessed which factors are associated with the availability of an assisted PD programme at a centre level and whether the availability of this programme is associated with proportion of home dialysis patients. Methods: An online survey was sent to healthcare professionals of European nephrology units. After selecting one respondent per centre, the associations were explored by χ2 tests and (ordinal) logistic regression. Results: In total, 609 respondents completed the survey. Subsequently, 288 respondents from individual centres were identified; 58% worked in a centre with an assisted PD programme. Factors associated with availability of an assisted PD programme were Western European and Scandinavian countries (OR: 5.73; 95% CI: 3.07–10.68), non-academic centres (OR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.09–3.72) and centres with a dedicated team for education (OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.35–6.11). Most Eastern & Central European respondents reported that the proportion of incident and prevalent home dialysis patients was 30% for both incident and prevalent home dialysis patients. Availability of an assisted PD programme was associated with a higher incidence (cumulative OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.21–3.01) and prevalence (cumulative OR: 2.81; 95% CI: 1.76–4.47) of patients on home dialysis. Conclusions: Assisted PD was more commonly offered among non-academic centres with a dedicated team for education across Europe, especially among Western European and Scandinavian countries where higher incidence and prevalence of home dialysis patients was reported

Assisted peritoneal dialysis across Europe: Practice variation and factors associated with availability

Background: In Europe, the number of elderly end-stage kidney disease patients is increasing. Few of those patients receive peritoneal dialysis (PD), as many cannot perform PD autonomously. Assisted PD programmes are available in most European countries, but the percentage of patients receiving assisted PD varies considerably. Hence, we assessed which factors are associated with the availability of an assisted PD programme at a centre level and whether the availability of this programme is associated with proportion of home dialysis patients. Methods: An online survey was sent to healthcare professionals of European nephrology units. After selecting one respondent per centre, the associations were explored by χ2 tests and (ordinal) logistic regression. Results: In total, 609 respondents completed the survey. Subsequently, 288 respondents from individual centres were identified; 58% worked in a centre with an assisted PD programme. Factors associated with availability of an assisted PD programme were Western European and Scandinavian countries (OR: 5.73; 95% CI: 3.07–10.68), non-academic centres (OR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.09–3.72) and centres with a dedicated team for education (OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.35–6.11). Most Eastern & Central European respondents reported that the proportion of incident and prevalent home dialysis patients was 30% for both incident and prevalent home dialysis patients. Availability of an assisted PD programme was associated with a higher incidence (cumulative OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.21–3.01) and prevalence (cumulative OR: 2.81; 95% CI: 1.76–4.47) of patients on home dialysis. Conclusions: Assisted PD was more commonly offered among non-academic centres with a dedicated team for education across Europe, especially among Western European and Scandinavian countries where higher incidence and prevalence of home dialysis patients was reported