Armazenabilidade de maçã 'SCS417 Monalisa' conforme maturação na colheita, tratamento com 1-metilciclopropeno e atmosfera de armazenagem

The objective of this work was to determine the storability of 'SCS417 Monalisa' apple fruit in response to harvest maturity, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment, and storage atmospheres. Fruit quality was evaluated after two, four, six, and eight months plus one day or seven days in shelf life at 22°C. The controlled atmosphere (CA) and 1-MCP (1.0 μL L-1) treatments reduce fruit ethylene production and respiration, prevent rapid softening, and inhibit the incidence of scald-like symptoms, flesh browning, cracking, and fungal decay, in comparison with air storage . The combination of 1-MCP and CA provides additive benefits in firmness retention and in the reduction of the incidence of physiological disorders. CA and/or 1-MCP increase the risk of fruit developing wrinkly skin disorder. The loss of flesh firmness and acidity and the development of all physiological disorders and decay are higher in late-harvested fruit. The storage life of 'SCS417 Monalisa' apple is about two months in cold air and from six to eight months in cold CA, considering the time necessary to reach a flesh firmness of 53 N. The limiting factor for the long-term storage of 'SCS417 Monalisa' apple fruit under CA without 1-MCP is the development of physiological disorders and fungal decay.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a armazenabilidade de maçãs 'SCS417 Monalisa' em resposta à maturação na colheita, ao tratamento com 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) e às atmosferas de armazenamento. A qualidade dos frutos foi avaliada após dois, quatro, seis e oito meses mais um dia ou sete dias de vida de prateleira a 22°C. Os tratamentos atmosfera controlada (AC) e 1-MCP (1,0 μL L-1) reduzem a produção de etileno e a respiração dos frutos, previnem o amolecimento rápido da polpa, e inibem a incidência de escaldadura, escurecimento da polpa, rachaduras e podridões fúngicas, em comparação ao armazenamento ao ar. A combinação de 1-MCP e AC proporciona benefícios aditivos na retenção da firmeza da polpa e na redução da incidência de distúrbios fisiológicos. A AC e/ou 1-MCP aumentam o risco de os frutos desenvolverem o distúrbio superfície rugosa. A perda de firmeza e acidez dos frutos e o desenvolvimento de todos os distúrbios fisiológicos e a podridão são maiores em frutos colhidos tardiamente. O potencial de armazenamento das maçãs 'SCS417 Monalisa' é de cerca de dois meses em ar refrigerado e de seis a oito meses em AC refrigerada, considerando o tempo necessário para atingir a firmeza de polpa de 53 N. O fator limitante para o armazenamento a longo prazo da maçã 'SCS417 Monalisa' sob AC sem 1-MCP é o desenvolvimento de distúrbios fisiológicos e podridões fúngicas

VIS-NIR portable espectrometer for non-destructive assessment of maturity and quality of ‘Gala’ apples

Abstract Visible and near infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy is a non-destructive, fast, practical and reliable technique to determine maturity and quality attributes in apple fruit. However, the effects of cultivar and growing conditions on the predictive performance of the equipment must be determined before its commercial application in the apple industry. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of a VIS-NIR portable spectrometer for fast and non-destructive determination of quality attributes in apples of the ‘Gala’ group (‘Maxi Gala’, ‘Royal Gala’, ‘Imperial Gala’ and ‘Galaxy’) harvested in three commercial orchards (corresponding to the production sites: Vacaria, Fraiburgo and São Joaquim) in Southern Brazil. At the commercial harvest and after three months of cold storage (1.5 ± 0.3 ºC and relative humidity of 92 ± 2%), fruit were assessed in terms of spectral data in the wavelength range between 310 and 1100 nm with a VIS-NIR portable spectrometer. After collecting the spectral data, fruit were submitted to physicochemical analysis of dry matter (DM), soluble solids content (SSC), flesh firmness and texture. The calibration models were developed using three sets of spectral and physicochemical data: (1) without separating by cultivar and orchard; (2): separating by cultivar, regardless of orchard; (3): separating by cultivar and by orchard. The calibration models were obtained by the partial least squares (PLS) regression technique. The accuracy of the calibration models for each dataset was evaluated in the validation step considering the values of the relative root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECVr = 10%). Models developed for each cultivar in each orchard (location) were more accurate and efficient to assess DM, SSC and flesh firmness, compared to the models developed for each cultivar, regardless of orchard, or without separating by cultivar and by orchard. Therefore, VIS-NIR spectrometer is a promising tool for the rapid and non-destructive analysis of quality attributes in ‘Gala’ apples. However, the equipment must be calibrated for each cultivar (‘Maxi Gala’, ‘Royal Gala’, ‘Imperial Gala’ and ‘Galaxy’) and growing condition (orchard) in order to obtain more precise analyses of DM, SSC and flesh firmness in the fruit

Quality of pitaya fruit (Hylocereus undatus) as influenced by storage temperature and packaging

Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) is an exotic non-climacteric fruit that reaches its best eating quality when harvested ripe, decreasing thereafter during storage. Our objectives were to determine the best combination of storage temperature and use of perforated plastic bags to maintain the postharvest quality of the fruit. Fruits were stored at 5, 7, or 10 ºC with and without a perforated plastic bag for 20 days, followed by five days at 20 ºC without the bag for shelf-life determination. Storage at 5 ºC, followed by 7 ºC maintained better visual appearance of the pitaya fruit after 20 days, by reducing decay incidence and severity, and maintaining greener bracts compared with fruit stored at 10 ºC. Pitaya fruit stored at 5 ºC without a perforated plastic bag showed no decay after storage and shelf-life. In general, higher temperatures and the use of a perforated plastic bag increased decay incidence, as well as decay severity after storage and shelf-life conditions. At all temperatures, fruit stored in a perforated plastic bag had lower weight loss during storage. After shelf-life, weight loss was highest in fruit stored at higher temperatures. Storage of fruits at 5 ºC resulted in minor chilling injury symptoms in the outer flesh tissue, close to the peel. Storage at 5 ºC without a perforated plastic bag was the best condition to maintain the postharvest quality of the pitaya fruit

Rapid And Non-destructive Determination Of Quality Parameters In The 'tommy Atkins' Mango Using A Novel Handheld Near Infrared Spectrometer.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of a new handheld ultra-compact near infrared (NIR) spectrometer, based on the linear-variable filter (LVF) technology for rapid and non-destructive quality control analysis of the 'Tommy Atkins' mango. Multivariate calibration models were built using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression method to determine soluble solids (SS), dry matter (DM), titratable acidity (TA) and pulp firmness (PF). Different spectral pre-processing techniques were tested. Coefficient of determination and root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) values were, respectively: 0.92 and 0.55°Brix for SS, 0.67 and 0.51% for DM, 0.50 and 0.17% citric acid for TA, 0.72 and 12.2N for PF. The predictive models allowed monitoring physico-chemical changes in each fruit during ripening. The results show the feasibility of using the new NIR handheld spectrometer to determine quality parameters in the 'Tommy Atkins' mango.197 Pt B1207-121