Identification of MicroRNAs as Potential Prognostic Markers in Ependymoma

INTRODUCTION: We have examined expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in ependymomas to identify molecular markers of value for clinical management. miRNAs are non-coding RNAs that can block mRNA translation and affect mRNA stability. Changes in the expression of miRNAs have been correlated with many human cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have utilized TaqMan Low Density Arrays to evaluate the expression of 365 miRNAs in ependymomas and normal brain tissue. We first demonstrated the similarity of expression profiles of paired frozen tissue (FT) and paraffin-embedded specimens (FFPE). We compared the miRNA expression profiles of 34 FFPE ependymoma samples with 8 microdissected normal brain tissue specimens enriched for ependymal cells. miRNA expression profiles were then correlated with tumor location, histology and other clinicopathological features. RESULTS: We have identified miRNAs that are over-expressed in ependymomas, such as miR-135a and miR-17-5p, and down-regulated, such as miR-383 and miR-485-5p. We have also uncovered associations between expression of specific miRNAs which portend a worse prognosis. For example, we have identified a cluster of miRNAs on human chromosome 14q32 that is associated with time to relapse. We also found that miR-203 is an independent marker for relapse compared to the parameters that are currently used. Additionally, we have identified three miRNAs (let-7d, miR-596 and miR-367) that strongly correlate to overall survival. CONCLUSION: We have identified miRNAs that are differentially expressed in ependymomas compared with normal ependymal tissue. We have also uncovered significant associations of miRNAs with clinical behavior. This is the first report of clinically relevant miRNAs in ependymomas

Yellow Fever 17DD Vaccine Virus Infection Causes Detectable Changes in Chicken Embryos

Submitted by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-05-24T14:46:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 barbara_oliveira_etal_IOC_2015.PDF: 23209973 bytes, checksum: effc89d2bc8960bf65b9af114d5e8468 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-06-02T13:08:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 barbara_oliveira_etal_IOC_2015.PDF: 23209973 bytes, checksum: effc89d2bc8960bf65b9af114d5e8468 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T13:08:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 barbara_oliveira_etal_IOC_2015.PDF: 23209973 bytes, checksum: effc89d2bc8960bf65b9af114d5e8468 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-03T12:34:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 barbara_oliveira_etal_IOC_2015.PDF: 23209973 bytes, checksum: effc89d2bc8960bf65b9af114d5e8468 (MD5) license.txt: 2991 bytes, checksum: 5a560609d32a3863062d77ff32785d58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. UNIRIO. Rio de Janeiro, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.The yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine is one of the most effective human vaccines ever created. The YF vaccine has been produced since 1937 in embryonated chicken eggs inoculated with the YF 17D virus. Yet, little information is available about the infection mechanism of YF 17DD virus in this biological model. To better understand this mechanism, we infected embryos of Gallus gallus domesticus and analyzed their histopathology after 72 hours of YF infection. Some embryos showed few apoptotic bodies in infected tissues, suggesting mild focal infection processes. Confocal and super-resolution microscopic analysis allowed us to identify as targets of viral infection: skeletal muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, nervous system cells, renal tubular epithelium, lung parenchyma, and fibroblasts associated with connective tissue in the perichondrium and dermis. The virus replication was heaviest in muscle tissues. In all of these specimens, RT-PCR methods confirmed the presence of replicative intermediate and genomic YF RNA. This clearer characterization of cell targets in chicken embryos paves the way for future development of a new YF vaccine based on a new cell culture system

Kinetic Study of Yellow Fever 17DD Viral Infection in Gallus gallus domesticus Embryos

Submitted by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-06-23T19:15:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 pedropaulo_manso_etal_IOC_2016.PDF: 3837298 bytes, checksum: 6c380180580b1760d8c32cb01f332b2c (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-06-23T19:27:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pedropaulo_manso_etal_IOC_2016.PDF: 3837298 bytes, checksum: 6c380180580b1760d8c32cb01f332b2c (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-23T19:27:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pedropaulo_manso_etal_IOC_2016.PDF: 3837298 bytes, checksum: 6c380180580b1760d8c32cb01f332b2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Submitted by Angelo Silva ([email protected]) on 2016-07-07T11:16:48Z No. of bitstreams: 3 pedropaulo_manso_etal_IOC_2016.PDF.txt: 41790 bytes, checksum: 34550c22d039d8923094561748811b01 (MD5) pedropaulo_manso_etal_IOC_2016.PDF: 3837298 bytes, checksum: 6c380180580b1760d8c32cb01f332b2c (MD5) license.txt: 2991 bytes, checksum: 5a560609d32a3863062d77ff32785d58 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-07-07T12:00:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 license.txt: 2991 bytes, checksum: 5a560609d32a3863062d77ff32785d58 (MD5) pedropaulo_manso_etal_IOC_2016.PDF: 3837298 bytes, checksum: 6c380180580b1760d8c32cb01f332b2c (MD5) pedropaulo_manso_etal_IOC_2016.PDF.txt: 41790 bytes, checksum: 34550c22d039d8923094561748811b01 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T12:00:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 license.txt: 2991 bytes, checksum: 5a560609d32a3863062d77ff32785d58 (MD5) pedropaulo_manso_etal_IOC_2016.PDF: 3837298 bytes, checksum: 6c380180580b1760d8c32cb01f332b2c (MD5) pedropaulo_manso_etal_IOC_2016.PDF.txt: 41790 bytes, checksum: 34550c22d039d8923094561748811b01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. UNIRIO. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos. Laboratório de Tecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Yellow fever continues to be an important epidemiological problem in Africa and South America even though the disease can be controlled by vaccination. The vaccine has been produced since 1937 and is based on YFV 17DD chicken embryo infection. However, little is known about the histopathological background of virus infection and replication in this model. Here we show by morphological and molecular methods (brightfield and confocal microscopies, immunofluorescence, nested-PCR and sequencing) the kinetics of YFV 17DD infection in chicken embryos with 9 days of development, encompassing 24 to 96 hours post infection. Our principal findings indicate that the main cells involved in virus production are myoblasts with a mesenchymal shape, which also are the first cells to express virus proteins in Gallus gallus embryos at 48 hours after infection. At 72 hours post infection, we observed an increase of infected cells in embryos. Many sites are thus affected in the infection sequence, especially the skeletal muscle. We were also able to confirm an increase of nervous system infection at 96 hours post infection. Our data contribute to the comprehension of the pathogenesis of YF 17DD virus infection in Gallus gallus embryos

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<p>Infected nervous tissue cells in the brain (A, B); Detail of infected cells in the brain congested with virus proteins (C,D). Yellow fever virus proteins in green, nuclei stained with DAPI in blue.</p

Nervous system of <i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i> at 72 hpi with yellow fever 17DD virus.

<p>(A) Brain section presenting some infected neurons and glial cells; (B) spinal cord infected neurons; (C) one neuron of the brain showing perinuclear thickening and vesicles dispersed throughout the cytoplasm; (D) infected fibroblastoid cells along the meninges. Yellow fever virus protein detection in green and nuclei stained with DAPI in blue.</p

Confocal microscopy analysis of nervous system in <i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i> 96 hpi with Yellow Fever 17DD virus.

<p>Infected neurons in the spinal cord (A); infected cells in nerve bundles (B); infected cells in the dorsal root ganglion (C); infected fibroblastoid cells in the meninges (D). Yellow fever virus proteins in green, nuclei stained with DAPI in blue.</p

Confocal microscopy analysis of embryos of <i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i> 48 hpi with Yellow Fever 17DD virus.

<p>Mesenchymal cells in leg skeletal muscle (A) and in heart (B). Yellow fever virus in green, nuclei stained with DAPI in blue.</p

Heart muscular tissue of <i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i> at 72 hpi with yellow fever 17DD virus.

<p>(A) Infected heart muscle cells; (B) desmin positive heart muscle cells showing perinuclear virus protein distribution and striated pattern compatible with sarcoplasmic virus protein distribution. Yellow fever viral antigen detection in green, nuclei stained with DAPI in blue and desmin in red.</p

Detection of viral genomic RNA in YF 17DD-infected chicken embryos.

<p>The amplicons generated by Nested-PCR were analyzed by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The lanes correspond to the following specimens: (1) and (2)—head; (3) and (4)—legs; (5) and (6)—wings; from (7) to (14)—trunks; (15) and (16)—vitelline membrane; (17) and (18)—chorioallantoic membrane; from (19) to (22)—negative control (water-inoculated animals). Even-numbered lanes indicate samples submitted to amplification of genomic RNA whereas odd-numbered lanes indicate samples submitted to amplification of the replicative intermediate RNA. The molecular length markers are indicated on the left of the figure. The black arrow indicates the 156bp amplicon obtained from the amplification of YF 17D RNA.</p