New results on derivatives of the shape operator of a real hypersurface in a complex projective space

This work was supported by MINECO-FEDER Project MTM 2016-78807-C2-1-P.We consider real hypersurfaces M in complex projective space equipped with both the Levi-Civita and generalized Tanaka-Webster connections. For any nonnull real number k and any symmetric tensor field of type (1,1) L on M we can define a tensor field of type (1,2) on M, L(k) F , related to both connections. We study symmetry and skewsymmetry of the tensor A(k) F associated to the shape operatorA of M.MINECO-FEDER Project MTM 2016-78807-C2-1-

Lie Derivatives of the Shape Operator of a Real Hypersurface in a Complex Projective Space

This work was supported by MINECO-FEDER Project MTM 2016-78807-C2-1-P.We consider real hypersurfaces M in complex projective space equipped with both the Levi-Civita and generalized Tanaka–Webster connections. Associated with the generalized Tanaka–Webster connection we can define a differential operator of first order. For any nonnull real number k and any symmetric tensor field of type (1,1) B on M, we can define a tensor field of type (1,2) on M, B(k) T , related to Lie derivative and such a differential operator. We study symmetry and skew symmetry of the tensor A(k) T associated with the shape operator A of M.MINECO-FEDER Project MTM 2016-78807-C2-1-

New characterizations of ruled real hypersurfaces in complex projective space

We consider real hypersurfaces M in complex projective space equipped with both the Levi–Civita and generalized Tanaka–Webster connections. For any nonnull constant k and any symmetric tensor field of type (1, 1) L on M, we can define two tensor fields of type (1, 2) on M, LF(k) and LT(k) , related to both connections. We study the behaviour of the structure operator ϕ with respect to such tensor fields in the particular case of L= A , the shape operator of M, and obtain some new characterizations of ruled real hypersurfaces in complex projective space.MICINN Project PID 2020-116126GB-100Junta de Andalucía Project PY20-0139Universidad de Granada/CBU

Some Conditions Concerning the Shape Operator of a Real Hypersurface in Complex Projective Space

Funding for open access publishing: Universidad de Granada/CBUA Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUA.Let M be a real hypersurface of a complex projective space. For any operator B on M and any nonnull real number k, we can define two tensor fields of type (1,2) on M, BF(k) and BT(k) . We will classify real hypersurfaces in complex projective space for which BF(k) and BT(k) either take values in the maximal holomorphic distribution D or are parallel to the structure vector field ξ , in the particular case of B= A , where A denotes the shape operator of M. We also introduce the concept of AF(k) and AT(k) being D -recurrent and classify real hypersurfaces such that either AF(k) or AT(k) are D -recurrent.MICINN: PID 2020-116126GB-I00Universidad de Granada/CBU

Optimización de abastecimiento energético en parque empresariales por redes de distrito con cogeneración

El presente estudio trata sobre la optimización de abastecimiento energético en parques empresariales por redes de distritito con cogeneración. Está basado en la comparación entre dos formas de suministrar la energía requerida por un parque empresarial. La simulación se ha realizado a través del software OpenStudio, que cuenta con el motor dinámico de cálculo EnergyPlus. El estudio cuenta con una guía sobre cómo utilizar estas herramientas informáticas y cómo hacer las simulaciones de los edificios “tipo” de un parque empresarial, en este caso edificios de oficinas y un restaurante. Las dos alternativas propuestas han sido, la generación distribuida en cada edificio, es decir en cada punto de consumo, frente a la generación de energía en una central del parque empresarial, distribuyendo la misma a través de una red de distrito. Los equipos seleccionados para la generación distribuida han sido calderas de gas natural para calefacción y unas enfriadoras agua-agua para refrigeración. Los edificios estarán conectados a la red eléctrica para suplir la demanda de electricidad. Para el caso de la red de distrito, los equipos generadores de calor y frío han sido un motor de cogeneración a gas natural, que también generará electricidad, y una enfriadora agua-agua para suplir la demanda de frío. A través del análisis de los resultados obtenidos y del posterior análisis económico realizado, se puede concluir que la alternativa propuesta de una red de distrito, va a ser más eficiente y más rentable económicamente, en lo referido al coste de los suministros energéticos, frente a la generación distribuida por edificios en un parque empresarial

La Enseñanza de la Arquitectura en España: breve compendio contextualizado

“Yo soy yo y mi circunstancia”. Una frase de Ortega y Gasset que sucintamente describe la relación que tiene el ser humano con su medio. Nuestro entorno, como estudiantes, es el que se desarrolla por nuestro paso por la escuela en poco más de un lustro. Sin embargo, rara vez nos paramos a reflexionar sobre qué es aquello que ocupa gran parte de nuestra etapa de formación como personas y profesionales. Aquello de lo que somos sujetos y agentes, la enseñanza de la arquitectura, encuentra su definición a través de su historia, como cualquier otro arte. Es por ello que nos dedicaremos a tratar su andadura en nuestro país desde la primera escuela de arquitectura hasta nuestros días, dotándonos así en el proceso de un marco de referencia que nos ayude a entender mejor nuestra circunstancia como alumnos de la escuela. Una andadura que comienza en el año 1844 de la mano de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando y que llega hasta hoy en nuestra escuela. Comenzaremos este viaje tratando brevemente los antecedentes de la escuela como institución, cuyos orígenes se remontan a la herencia greco-romana, y observando cómo el concepto de escuela comienza a tomar forma hasta la aparición de la primera escuela en la capital del país. Proseguiremos con una contextualización de las distintas etapas que identificamos en la formación de esta historia de la enseñanza, que nos aportará claves para su posterior comprensión. Para llevar a cabo este desarrollo, trataremos con variedad de fuentes gráficas y escritas, utilizando la figura del Plan de Estudios para articular este discurrir. Un documento que dispone las bases para la existencia de la escuela y su enseñanza, a la par que testigo de los agentes que influyen en ella: el poder político, la coyuntura económica, la propia escuela, la profesión, el conjunto de la sociedad… Acumularemos así un caudal de documentos que, al trabarse entre sí, generarán nuestro discurso. Con este discurrir se pretende arrojar luz sobre posibles cuestiones que nos pueden surgir durante nuestro periodo formativo, enmarcadas dentro de algo más grande, como es la enseñanza de la arquitectura

Evaluating significant effects from alternative seeding systems : a Bayesian approach, with an application to the UEFA Champions League

The paper discusses how to evaluate alternative seeding systems in sports competitions. Prior papers have developed an approach which uses a forecasting model at the level of the individual match and then applies Monte Carlo simulation of the whole tournament to estimate the probabilities associated with various outcomes or combinations of outcomes. This allows, for example, a measure of outcome uncertainty to be attached to each proposed seeding regime. However, this established approach takes no note of the uncertainty surrounding the parameter estimates in the underlying match forecasting model and this precludes testing for statistically significant differences between probabilities or outcome uncertainty measures under alternative regimes. We propose a Bayesian approach which resolves this weakness in standard methodology and illustrate its potential by examining the effect of seeding rule changes implemented in the UEFA Champions League, a major football tournament, in 2015. The reform appears to have increased outcome uncertainty. We identify which clubs and which sorts of clubs were favourably or unfavourably affected by the reform, distinguishing effects on probabilities of progression to different phases of the competition.The fourth author acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, research project ECO2012-32401

Patterns of ROS Accumulation in the Stigmas of Angiosperms and Visions into Their Multi-Functionality in Plant Reproduction

Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the stigma of several plant species has been investigated. Four developmental stages (unopened flower buds, recently opened flowers, dehiscent anthers, and flowers after fertilization) were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy using the ROS-specific probe DCFH2-DA. In all plants scrutinized, the presence of ROS in the stigmas was detected at higher levels during those developmental phases considered “receptive” to pollen interaction. In addition, these molecules were also present at early (unopened flower) or later (post-fertilization) stages, by following differential patterns depending on the different species. The biological significance of the presence ROS may differ between these stages, including defense functions, signaling and senescence. Pollen-stigma signaling is likely involved in the different mechanisms of self-incompatibility in these plants. The study also register a general decrease in the presence of ROS in the stigmas upon pollination, when NO is supposedly produced in an active manner by pollen grains. Finally, the distribution of ROS in primitive Angiosperms of the genus Magnolia was determined. The production of such chemical species in these plants was several orders of magnitude higher than in the remaining species evoking a massive displacement toward the defense function. This might indicate that signaling functions of ROS/NO in the stigma evolved later, as fine tune likely involved in specialized interactions like self-incompatibility.This study was supported by the following European Regional Development Fund co-financed grants: MCINN BFU2011-22779, RTC-2015-4181-2, CSIC-201540E065, CICE (Junta de Andalucía) P2010-CVI15767, P2010-AGR6274, P2011-CVI-7487, and the MINECO/CSIC agreement RECUPERA 2020.Peer reviewedPeer Reviewe

Estimating the willingness-to-pay and value of risk reduction for car occupants in the road environment

In recent years there has been a re-focus on the valuation of a statistical life (VSL) from the ex post or human capital method to an ex ante willingness to pay approach. This is in part a recognition that we may have been undervaluing the cost of fatalities and injuries to society associated with crashes, but also a strong belief in the need to focus on establishing the amount, ex ante, that individuals are willing to pay to reduce the risk of exposure to circumstances that might lead to death or degree of injury on the road network. This study has developed a framework in which to identify the heterogeneity in willingness to pay (WTP) by individuals who are drivers or passengers in cars to avoid being killed or injured. A stated choice experiment approach is developed. The empirical setting is a choice of route for a particular trip that a sample of individuals periodically undertakes in Australia. The particular trip is described in enough detail to provide the respondent with a familiar market environment, providing all the relevant background information required for making a decision. Mixed logit models are estimated to obtain the marginal (dis)utilities associated with each influence on the choice amongst the attribute packages offered in the stated choice scenarios. These estimates are used to obtain the WTP distributions for fatality and injury avoidance, which are then aggregated to obtain estimates of the value of risk reduction (VRR), often referred to generically as the value of a statistical life

Redox Regulation, Rather than Stress-Induced Phosphorylation, of a Hog1 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Modulates Its Nitrosative-Stress-Specific Outputs

Data availability. The RNA sequencing dataset is available at EBI (www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/) under accession number E-MTAB-5990. Other data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Debbie Smith for constructing the strains JC41 and JC310, Arnab Pradhan for help with DHE control experiments, and our colleagues in the Aberdeen Fungal Group and Newcastle Yeast Group for insightful discussions. We are also grateful to Mike Gustin for his advice. We are grateful to the Centre for Genome Enabled Biology and Medicine, Aberdeen Proteomics, the Iain Fraser Cytometry Centre, the Microscopy and Histology Facility, and the qPCR facility at the University of Aberdeen for their help, advice, and support. This work was funded by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Research Council (http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk) (grants BB/K017365/1 and BB/F00513X/1 to A.J.P.B. and grant BB/K016393/1 to J.Q.). This work was also supported by the European Research Council (http://erc.europa.eu/) (STRIFE advanced grant C-2009-AdG-249793 to A.J.P.B.), the UK Medical Research Council (http://www.mrc.ac.uk) (grant MR/M026663/1 to A.J.P.B. and grant MR/M000923/1 to P.S.S.), the Wellcome Trust (https://wellcome.ac.uk) (grant 097377 to A.J.P.B. and J.Q.), the MRC Centre for Medical Mycology and the University of Aberdeen (grant MR/M026663/1 to A.J.P.B.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD