Genetics of an Isolated Population of Plethodon hubrichti

Undergraduate Basi

Peaks of Otter Salamander (Plethodon hubrichti) Condition Declines along an Elevational Gradient

Undergraduate Basi

Genetic Variation Between Populations of Plethodon hubrichti

Undergraduate Basi

Peaks of Otter Salamander (Plethodon hubrichti) Condition: Optimal Elevations for This Montane Species of Salamander

Undergraduate Basi

Estudo da dinâmica da cobertura vegetal no município de Floresta/PE através de processamento digital de imagens | Study of the dynamics of vegetation cover in the city of Forest / PE through digital image processing

A cobertura vegetal do semiárido pernambucano, na maior parte, encontra-se antropizada em decorrência das áreas para exploração agrícola e exploração de lenha como fonte energética para olarias, industrias, entre outros, onde estas modificações geram impactos significativos na qualidade do ambiente. O geoprocessamento torna-se importante ferramenta para compreender a estrutura e dinâmica das paisagens em diversas escalas temporais e espaciais, podendo compreender os processos ambientais. A área estudada localiza-se no estado de Pernambuco, na Mesorregião do São Francisco. Com altitude de 316 metros. As chuvas são mal distribuídas ao longo do ano, representado pelos meses de dezembro a março, neste período chove, em média 407,4 mm, o município de Floresta possui base física de 3.643 km². O objetivo do trabalho foi mostrar técnica de processamento digital de imagens não supervisionadas para análise multitemporal da degradação ambiental no município de Floresta/PE. A metodologia baseou-se na análise temporal de imagens orbitais TM/Landsat – 5 para as datas de 16/09/1997 e 06/10/2010, imagens obtidas a partir do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). Os resultados indicaram que a cobertura vegetal em algumas classes foi reduzida, a diminuição da vegetação semidensa mostra-se bastante preocupante, pois é nessa classe que podem aumentar os núcleos de desertificação.ABSTRACT:The vegetation of Pernambuco semi-arid, mostly, is due to the anthropic areas for farming and wood exploitation as an energy source for brickyards, industries, among others, where these modifications generate significant impacts on environmental quality. The GIS becomes important tool for understanding the structure and dynamics of the landscape in various temporal and spatial scales and can understand the environmental processes. The study area is located in the state of Pernambuco, in the Greater Region of San Francisco. With altitude of 316 meters. Rainfall is unevenly distributed throughout the year, represented the months from December to March, this time it rains on average 407.4 mm, the municipality of Forest has physical basis of 3,643 km². The objective was to show digital processing technique of images unattended for multi-temporal analysis of environmental degradation in the Woods / PE municipality. The methodology was based on temporal analysis of orbital images TM / Landsat - 5 for the dates of 16/09/1997 and 06/10/2010, images obtained from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE). The results indicated that the vegetation cover in some classes was reduced, decreased semidense vegetation shows up quite disturbing as it is this class that can increase desertification nuclei

Chromosome spreading of the (TTAGGG)n repeats in the Pipa carvalhoi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937 (Pipidae, Anura) karyotype

Pipidae is a clade of Anura that diverged relatively early from other frogs in the phylogeny of the group. Pipids have a unique combination of morphological features, some of which appear to represent a mix of adaptations to aquatic life and plesiomorphic characters of Anura. The present study describes the karyotype of Pipa carvalhoi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937, including morphology, heterochromatin distribution, and location of the NOR site. The diploid number of P. carvalhoi is 2n=20, including three metacentric pairs (1, 4, 8), two submetacentric (2 and 7), three subtelocentric (3, 5, 6), and two telocentric pairs (9 and 10). C-banding detected centromeric blocks of heterochromatin in all chromosome pairs and the NOR detected in chromosome pair 9, as confirmed by FISH using the rDNA 28S probe. The telomeric probes indicated the presence of interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs), primarily in the centromeric region of the chromosomes, frequently associated with heterochromatin, suggesting that these repeats are a significant component of this region. The findings of the present study provide important insights for the understanding of the mechanisms of chromosomal evolution in the genus Pipa, and the diversification of the Pipidae as a whole.133297309FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO2016/07717-6Sem informação309904/2015-

Cryptococcal Sialoadenitis in a Dog

Background: Salivary gland diseases in dogs have an overall incidence of 0.3%. Sialocele and sialoadenitis are the most common injuries and are usually caused by infectious diseases, especially of bacterial origin. Currently, Cryptococcus neoformans has not been registered as the etiological agent since fungal participation is unusual. This case report describes a cryptococcal sialoadenitis in a dog.Case: A 1.9-year-old male poodle had a swelling of the right submandibular region, combined with dry cough and snoring that persisted for about 30 days. The dog often walked in the town square, which has pigeons, and was seen eating chicken droppings. The dog was diagnosed with sialoadenitis in the right submandibular salivary gland. The following laboratory tests were performed cytology, fungal culture, blood count, search for hemoparasites, total plasma protein (ppt), alanine aminotransferase dosage (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea (U), creatinine (CREA), Albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), globulin (GLOB) and amylase (AML). In addition, the dog underwent cervical, thoracic and abdominal ultrasound, and cervical x-rays. The cytology results showed fungal sialoadenitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. The blood testresults evidenced thrombocytopenia and increased ppt, TP, GLOB, and AML. The lungs and heart x-rays results showed no alterations. However, the proximal third of the trachea was displaced ventrally. The abdominal area had no changes, but hypertrophy of the salivary gland was observed, with irregular contour, heterogeneous echotexture, and multiple cavitaryareas flled with intraluminal fluid of cellular appearance. The ketoconazole (5 mg/kg/BID/20 days) treatment prescribed led to drug-induced hepatitis. The new treatment with Itraconazole (10 mg/kg/SID/90 days) resulted in complete clinical resolution without any side effect or relapse one year after the treatment.Discussion: Although poodle is not commonly associated with the epidemiology of the disease, this breed seems to be susceptible, as well. The contact with pigeons during the walks was likely the source of infection by C. neoformans, but the ingestion of chicken droppings cannot be discarded. The coughing and snoring resulted from the pharyngeal and tracheal compression, with subsequent activation of the reflex. The clinical and laboratory fndings suggest a new infection route by the etiological agent, possibly the opening of the salivary duct located in the sublingual carbuncle. Biopsy or ablation of the affected salivary gland was not necessary, reducing the risk of sepsis and/or death. Hyperamylasemia indicates that AML can be used as a complementary tool to diagnose sialoadenitis. Itraconazole administered for 90 days resulted incomplete healing while no side effects or relapse was observed one year after the treatment. Cryptococcus neoformans can affect the submandibular salivary gland and, therefore, cryptococcosis should enter the differential diagnosis list of canine sialoadenitis and sialocele. Itraconazole has been shown to be effective to treat a dog with sialoadenitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans.Keywords: sialoadenitis, sialocele, cryptococcosis, salivary gland, dog

In Utero Exposure to Antiretroviral Drugs: Effect on Birth Weight and Growth Among HIV-exposed Uninfected Children in Brazil.

BACKGROUND There are concerns about the effects of in utero exposure to antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) on the development of HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether in utero exposure to ARVs is associated with lower birth weight/height and reduced growth during the first 2 years of life. METHODS This cohort study was conducted among HEU infants born between 1996 and 2010 in Tertiary children's hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Weight was measured by mechanical scale, and height was measured by measuring board. Z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ) and weight-for-length were calculated. We modeled trajectories by mixed-effects models and adjusted for mother's age, CD4 cell count, viral load, year of birth and family income. RESULTS A total of 588 HEU infants were included of whom 155 (26%) were not exposed to ARVs, 114 (19%) were exposed early (first trimester) and 319 (54%) later. WAZ were lower among infants exposed early compared with infants exposed later: adjusted differences were -0.52 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.99 to -0.04, P = 0.02) at birth and -0.22 (95% CI: -0.47 to 0.04, P = 0.10) during follow-up. LAZ were lower during follow-up: -0.35 (95% CI: -0.63 to -0.08, P = 0.01). There were no differences in weight-for-length scores. Z-scores of infants exposed late during pregnancy were similar to unexposed infants. CONCLUSIONS In HEU children, early exposure to ARVs was associated with lower WAZ at birth and lower LAZ up to 2 years of life. Growth of HEU children needs to be monitored closely