Fish Size Correlates to Size and Morphology of Intermuscular Bones in Tambaqui Colossoma macropomum as Shown by Dissection and X-ray Imaging Methods

publishedVersio

A high-density linkage map and sex-linked markers for the Amazon Tambaqui Colossoma macropomum

Tambaqui (\textit{Colossoma macropomum}, Cuvier, 1818) is the most economically important native freshwater fish species in Brazil. It can reach a total length of over 1~m and a weight of over 40~kg. The species displays a clear sex dimorphism in growth performance with females reaching larger sizes at harvest. In aquaculture, the production of monosex populations in selective breeding programmes has been therefore identified as a key priority. In the present study, a genetic linkage map was generated by double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing from 248 individuals sampled from two F1 families. The map was constructed using 14,805 informative SNPs and spanned 27 linkage groups. From this, the tambaqui draft genome was improved, by ordering the scaffolds into chromosomes, and sex-linked markers were identified. A total of 235 markers on linkage group 26 showed a significant association with the phenotypic sex supporting an XX/XY sex determination system in the species. The four most informative sex-linked markers were validated on another 206 sexed individuals demonstrating an accuracy in predicting sex ranging from 90.0\% to 96.7\%. The genetic mapping and novel sex-linked DNA markers identified and validated offer new tools for rapid progeny sexing, thus supporting the development of monosex female production in the industry while also supporting breeding programs of the species

Desenvolvimento ontogenético de espinhas intermusculares em tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816) : remodelagem esquelética e reabsorção óssea

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Rodrigo de Almeida TeixeiraCoorientador: Dr. Eduardo Sousa VarelaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia. Defesa : Curitiba, 24/08/2022Inclui referênciasÁrea de concentração: Melhoramento Genético AnimalResumo: Dentre as espécies de peixes nativas, o tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) representa a de maior produção no país, com grande potencial de crescimento e pode no futuro, vir a se tornar o principal produto aquícola do Brasil. Entretanto, a espécie ainda necessita de conhecimento mais profundo em todos os âmbitos do seu desenvolvimento, para fomentar a criação de um pacote tecnológico que colabore com este crescimento produtivo. O tambaqui possui espinhas Y ou ossos intermusculares (IBs) igualmente a diversas espécies de peixes de interesse na aquicultura mundial. A presença dos IBs é uma característica comercialmente indesejável, demandando a necessidade de remoção em cortes mais refinados como na produção do filé, o que resulta em impactos econômicos e de qualidade do produto. No entanto, em trabalhos recentes, foi relatada a ocorrência de população cultivada de peixes dessa espécie com ausência de IBs, indicando que existe variabilidade genética ou esta ausência esteja associada à geração do fenótipo mutante. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar o efeito de parâmetros morfométricos na formação dos ossos intermusculares na alevinagem em tambaqui. Foram analisados 149 exemplares de três famílias distintas, com idade de 75 a 121 dias após eclosão, coletados em intervalos de 5 em 5 dias, armazenados em recipientes separados. Para melhor visualização dos IBs, utilizou-se a técnica de diafanização, visando identificar as estruturas ósseas calcificadas e cartilaginosas. Ao final da diafanização, todos os animais foram fotografados. Foi criado um banco de dados com medidas morfometrias dos animais, assim como a caracterização e contagem dos IBs. Os resultados indicam a existência de um provável mecanismo de remodelagem óssea no tambaqui e que o padrão de fixação dos IBs na espécie é do tipo epineural e epipleural e não haver uma relação significativa para a contagem ou morfologia dos IBs associadas à origem genética em Colossoma macropomum.Abstract: Among the native fish species, tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) represents the largest production in the country, with great growth potential and may, in the future, become the main aquaculture product in Brazil. However, the species still needs deeper knowledge in all areas of its development, creating a technological package that collaborates with this productive growth. Tambaqui has Y-bones or intermuscular bones (IBs) similar to several fish species of interest in world aquaculture. The presence of IBs is a characteristic commercially in need of removal in more refined cuts as in reliability, which results in economic costs and product quality. However, in recent works, the occurrence of the cultured population of fish of this species with the absence of BIs was reported, indicating that there is genetic variability or this absence is associated with the generation of the mutant phenotype. In this context, the objective of this study was to verify the effect of morphometric parameters on the formation of intermuscular bones in tambaqui fingerlings. 149 specimens from three families were analyzed, aged from 75 to 1 days after and distributed in 2 different 1 days, at 5-day intervals, stored in 2 separate ones. For better visualization of the BIs, use the diaphanization technique, identifying as calcified and cartilaginous bone structures. At the end of the diaphanization, all the animals were photographed. A database was created with morphometric measurements of the animals, as well as the characterization and counting of BIs. The results indicate the existence of a probable mechanism of remodeling without the genetic count pattern of the BIs being related to the epineural and epipleural species, a significant relationship for the or logy of the IBs associated with the macropoum origin

Fish size correlates to number and morphology of intermuscular bones in tambaqui Colossoma macropomum as shown by dissection and X-ray imaging methods

Dataset on intermuscular bones in Colossoma macropomum studied through dissection and X-ray analyses in one captive population in Brazil

Intermuscular bones in Colossoma macropomum studied through dissection and X-ray analyses

Dataset on intermuscular bones in Colossoma macropomum studied through dissection and X-ray analyses in one captive population in Brazil

Fish size correlates to number and morphology of intermuscular bones in tambaqui Colossoma macropomum as shown by dissection and X-ray imaging methods

Dataset on intermuscular bones in Colossoma macropomum studied through dissection and X-ray analyses in one captive population in Brazil