Objectively Measured Physical Activity Reduces the Risk of Mortality among Brazilian Older Adults.

OBJECTIVES: Use of objectively measured physical activity (PA) in older adults to assess relationship between PA and risk of all-causes mortality is scarce. This study evaluated the associations of PA based on accelerometry and a questionnaire with the risk of mortality among older adults from a city in Southern Brazil. DESIGN: A cohort study. SETTING: Urban area of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: A representative sample of older adults (≥60 y) from Pelotas, enrolled in 2014. MEASUREMENTS: Overall physical activity (mg), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were estimated by raw accelerometer data. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire estimated leisure time and commuting PA. Hazard ratios (excluding deaths in the first 6 mo) stratified by sex were estimated by Cox regression analysis considering adjustment for confounders. RESULTS: From the 1451 older adults interviewed in 2014, 145 died (10%) after a follow-up of an average 2.6 years. Men and women in the highest tertile of overall PA had on average a 77% and 92% lower risk of mortality than their less active counterparts (95% confidence interval [CI] = .06-.84 and 95% CI = .01-.65, respectively). The highest tertile of LPA was also related to a lower risk of mortality in individuals of both sexes (74% and 91% lower risk among men and women, respectively). MVPA statistically reduced the risk of mortality only among women (hazard ratio [HR] = .30 and HR = .07 in the second and third tertiles). Self-reported leisure-time PA was statistically associated with a lower risk of mortality only among men. Women in the highest tertiles of commuting PA showed a lower risk of mortality than those in the reference group. CONCLUSION: Accelerometry-based PA was associated with a lower risk of mortality among Brazilian older adults. Older individuals should practice any type of PA. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:137-146, 2019

Objectively Measured Physical Activity Reduces the Risk of Mortality among Brazilian Older Adults.

OBJECTIVES: Use of objectively measured physical activity (PA) in older adults to assess relationship between PA and risk of all-causes mortality is scarce. This study evaluated the associations of PA based on accelerometry and a questionnaire with the risk of mortality among older adults from a city in Southern Brazil. DESIGN: A cohort study. SETTING: Urban area of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: A representative sample of older adults (≥60 y) from Pelotas, enrolled in 2014. MEASUREMENTS: Overall physical activity (mg), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were estimated by raw accelerometer data. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire estimated leisure time and commuting PA. Hazard ratios (excluding deaths in the first 6 mo) stratified by sex were estimated by Cox regression analysis considering adjustment for confounders. RESULTS: From the 1451 older adults interviewed in 2014, 145 died (10%) after a follow-up of an average 2.6 years. Men and women in the highest tertile of overall PA had on average a 77% and 92% lower risk of mortality than their less active counterparts (95% confidence interval [CI] = .06-.84 and 95% CI = .01-.65, respectively). The highest tertile of LPA was also related to a lower risk of mortality in individuals of both sexes (74% and 91% lower risk among men and women, respectively). MVPA statistically reduced the risk of mortality only among women (hazard ratio [HR] = .30 and HR = .07 in the second and third tertiles). Self-reported leisure-time PA was statistically associated with a lower risk of mortality only among men. Women in the highest tertiles of commuting PA showed a lower risk of mortality than those in the reference group. CONCLUSION: Accelerometry-based PA was associated with a lower risk of mortality among Brazilian older adults. Older individuals should practice any type of PA. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:137-146, 2019

Investigação de Hiperplasia Endometrial em mulheres obesas na pré e pós menopausa: Uma Revisão Sistemática / Investigation of Endometrial Hyperplasia in obese pre and postmenopausal women: A Systematic Review

INTRODUÇÃO A obesidade é um dos principais fatores de risco de câncer de endométrio (CE) e este, por sua vez, apresenta-se como uma possível evolução fisiopatológica da hiperplasia endometrial (HE). O objetivo deste estudo consiste em analisar se a obesidade isoladamente teria o poder de indicar uma investigação complementar para HE e CE em mulheres na pré e pós menopausa, sintomáticas ou não. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizada uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura a partir de 21 artigos selecionados para responder a questão de pesquisa levantada. As bases de dados selecionadas foram PubMed, Scielo, LILACS, Cochrane, Scopus e Embase. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Mulheres obesas possuem de 2.7 a 17 vezes mais chances de desenvolver HE e CE em relação às não obesas. O ultrassom transvaginal (USTV) apresenta acurácia diminuída em obesas, sendo a videohisteroscopia (VH) seguida de biópsia o exame mais recomendado neste grupo, porém de acesso limitado. Não há consenso sobre quando iniciar propedêutica com estes exames complementares. Atualmente, a investigação não é recomendada em pacientes assintomáticas, independentemente do fator de risco. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da forte associação entre obesidade e HE, não há evidências suficientes para estabelecer o momento ideal de se investigar ou rastrear a doença e a forma de se fazer essa investigação

Statement of Second Brazilian Congress of Mechanical Ventilarion : part I

Resumo não disponíve

Cluster of behavioral risk factors for health in students from a public university of southern Brazil.

This study is part of the 2017/2018 Research Consortium of the Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel). A cross-sectional, census-type study was carried out between November 2017 and july 2018 with freshmen from UFPel (n=1.716). In order to verify the clustering of risk factors, information on four outcomes was collected: physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, inadequate sleep time and smoking. Those who reported less than 150 minutes of physical activity per week were considered inactive, and those who reported spending at least five hours a day in front of an electronic screen were considered sedentary. Students who sleep less than seven hours a day were considered with inadequate sleep time, and smokers those that smoke at least one cigarette a day in the last month. To verify the clustering of risk factors, a cluster approach was used, which consists of the ratio between observed and expected values for each possible combination. It was considered cluster when the observed / expected ratio was greater than 1 and the 95% confidence interval did not comprise the unit. Only two clusters were identified in the general sample: inadequate sleep time only (O/E = 1.15; IC 95% 1.04; 1.27) and physical inactivity + sedentary behavior (O/E = 1.24; IC 95% 1.09; 1.41). More than 80% of college students presented at least one risk factor, with inadequate sleep time being the most prevalent (45.2%). The results suggest a homogeneity regarding the occurrence of simultaneity in risk factors. High prevalence was observed and these should not be neglected, since undergrad students are exposed to several risk factors whose may have synergistic effects. This volume includes: I) research project; II) modifications of the research project; III) field work report; IV) original article; V) press release and VI) attachments and appendices, where the following items are inserted: i) protocol of acceptance of the research ethics committee; ii) rules for publication e iii) informed consent form of the study. The original paper produced will be submitted to the journal "Cadernos de Saúde Pública".Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESEste estudo faz parte do Consórcio de Pesquisa 2017/2018 do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). Foi realizado um estudo transversal, do tipo censo entre os meses de novembro de 2017 a julho de 2018 com universitários do primeiro ano da UFPel (n=1.716). Com o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência simultânea de fatores de risco comportamentais à saúde de universitários, foram coletadas informações sobre quatro desfechos: inatividade física, comportamento sedentário, tempo inadequado de sono e tabagismo. Foram considerados inativos aqueles que relataram menos de 150 minutos de atividade física por semana e sedentários aqueles que relataram dispender pelo menos cinco horas por dia em frente a uma tela de equipamento eletrônico. Apresentaram tempo inadequado de sono estudantes que informaram dormir menos de sete horas por dia, e tabagistas aqueles que responderam ter fumado pelo menos um cigarro por dia no último mês. Mais de 80% dos universitários apresentaram pelo menos um fator de risco, sendo tempo inadequado de sono o mais prevalente (45,2%). Para a análise de simultaneidade foi utilizada uma abordagem de cluster, que consiste na razão dos valores observados pelos valores esperados para cada agrupamento de fatores detectado. Foi considerado cluster quando a razão observado/esperado foi maior que 1 e o intervalo de confiança de 95% não compreendeu a unidade. Apenas dois clusters foram identificados na amostra geral: somente tempo inadequado de sono (O/E = 1,15; IC 95% 1,04; 1,27) e Inatividade física simultaneamente ao comportamento sedentário (O/E = 1,24; IC 95% 1,09; 1,41). Os resultados sugerem uma homogeneidade quanto a simultaneidade dos fatores de risco estudado. Foram observadas altas prevalências e estas não devem ser negligenciadas, dado que universitários são uma população expostas diversos fatores de risco e que podem ter efeitos sinérgicos. No presente volume constam: I) projeto de pesquisa; II) modificações do projeto de pesquisa; III) relatório de trabalho de campo; IV) artigo original; V) nota para imprensa e VI) anexos e apêndices, onde estão inseridos os seguintes itens: i) protocolo de aceite do comitê de ética em pesquisa; ii) normas para publicação e iii) termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. O artigo original produzido será submetido ao periódico “Cadernos de Saúde Pública”

Objectively Measured Physical Activity Reduces the Risk of Mortality among Brazilian Older Adults

OBJECTIVES: Use of objectively measured physical activity(PA) in older adults to assess relationship between PA andrisk of all-causes mortality is scarce. This study evaluatedthe associations of PA based on accelerometry and a ques-tionnaire with the risk of mortality among older adultsfrom a city in Southern Brazil. DESIGN: A cohort study. SETTING: Urban area of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: A representative sample of older adults(≥60 y) from Pelotas, enrolled in 2014. MEASUREMENTS: Overall physical activity (mg), lightphysical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physicalactivity (MVPA) were estimated by raw accelerometer data.The International Physical Activity Questionnaire estimated lei-sure time and commuting PA. Hazard ratios (excluding deathsin the first 6 mo) stratified by sex were estimated by Coxregression analysis considering adjustment for confounders.RESULTS: From the 1451 older adults interviewed in 2014,145 died (10%) after a follow-up of an average 2.6 years.Men and women in the highest tertile of overall PA had onaverage a 77% and 92% lower risk of mortality than theirless active counterparts (95% confidence interval [CI] =.06-.84 and 95% CI = .01-.65, respectively). The highest ter-tile of LPA was also related to a lower risk of mortality inindividuals of both sexes (74% and 91% lower risk amongmen and women, respectively). MVPA statistically reducedthe risk of mortality only among women (hazard ratio[HR] = .30 and HR = .07 in the second and third tertiles).Self-reported leisure-time PA was statistically associated witha lower risk of mortality only among men. Women in thehighest tertiles of commuting PA showed a lower risk of mor-tality than those in the reference group. CONCLUSION: Accelerometry-based PA was associatedwith a lower risk of mortality among Brazilian older adults.Older individuals should practice any type of PA

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data